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四六级写作技巧

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四六级写作技巧写作技巧

篇一:四六级作文评分标准及写作技巧

四、六级考试作文评分标准

大学英语四、六级考试作文的目的旨在考核学生英语书面表达的能力。作文考试时间为30分钟,要求写出不少于120个词的短文。四、六级考试作文的出题方式有:命题作文,看图画或图表作文,根据所给文章(英文或中文)写出文章摘要或大意,给出关键词作文章。考试的作文内容为社会、文化或日常生活的一般常识,不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。对作文的要求是:切题,文理通顺,表达正确,意思连贯,无重大语言错误。

(一)、作文评分原则

1.CET作文题采用总体评分方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分,而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。

2.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体,作文应表达题目所规定的内容,而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题,是否充分表达思想,也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表达思想,也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。

3.避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分,包括满分;该给低分的给低分,包括0分,一名阅卷人员在所阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。

(二)、作文评分标准

1.本题满分为15分。

2.阅卷标准共分五等:2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷一至二份。

3.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准,对照样卷评分,若认为与某一份数(如8分)相似,即定为该分数(即8分);若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数,即可加一分(即9分)或减一分(即7分),但不得加或减半分。

4.评分标准: 2分 ……条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或在部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误。 5分……基本切题。表达思想不清楚,连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8分……基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误。 11分……切题。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。 14分……切题。表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性好。基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错误。 [注:白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。

[注:]

1.如题目中给出主题句,起始句,结束句,均不得计入所写字数

2.只写一段者:0~4分;只写两段者:0~9分(指规定三段的作文)

3.长度计分标准:91~100词: 扣1分81~90词: 扣2.5分71~80词: 扣4分61~70词: 扣6分60词以下: 扣8分

4.为了便于阅卷人员掌握评分标准,现将各档作文分相当于百分制的得分,列表如下,称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60(相当于百分制的60分)。

作文分 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

得分率 100 94 87 80 74 67 60 54 47 40 34 27 20 14 7

经原国家教委批准,四、六级考试已从1997年6月份起采用“作文最低”制计算成绩,其中足见国家对提高大学英语写作能力的重视程度。按规定,考生作文若为0分,无论其总分是否高于60分,均作不及格处理;若其作文分高于0分,低于6分,报导成绩时,需从总分中减去6分,再加上实得作文分。也就是说,要从总分中减去实得作文分与6分之间的差额部分。举例来说:若前边85总分得分65分,但是作文得分为0分,那么最后成绩评为不合格。若前边85总分得分59分,作文得分为5分,那么最后成绩不是64分,而是59+5-6=58分。

作文写作技巧

一、(保险型)

我们从评分标准上可以看到,只要你做到内容切题,文字连贯,间是不是连贯,然后条理清楚,只要达到这三点,我们说及格分应当是没有问题的。

如何能达到内容切题?内容切题主要包括主题句的切题,我们知道四、六级的作文一般是三段式,其实写作文没有必要那么长,写12句话就可以了,这就我们归纳叫12句作文。,。 首先每一段的主题句要切题,在三段当中每一段主题句都要切题。那么主题句怎样保证切题?比如:

一、大学生了解社会的重要性;二、大学生了解社会的途径;三、你是怎样了解社会的。就这么三段,他给你出的是汉语,我们建议就直接把汉语叫编译成主题句,有的时候不需要编译就可以直接译成主题句,把汉语译成英文,或者编译成英文就可以了。所以保证主题句首先不跑题,这是主要内容切题的问题。 第二个大点我们叫条理清楚,怎样保证条理清楚(要有框架意识)。需要这三段,每一段当中四句话它的布局应该是怎样布局,拿刚才来说,大学生了解社会的重要性这一段,首先在审题的时候知道它是议论段,写四句话,第一句主题句,第二句从正的方面论,论大学生了解社会的重要性。第三句话从反的方面论述,大学生了解社会如何重要。第四句话一结论,结论句,所以我们大学生一定要了解社会。那么现在第二段,大学生了解社会的途径,审题的时候这是一个说明段,因为说它有几种方法,相当于说明书一样,几种途径,也写四句话,第一句主题句,把大学生了解社会的主题句译成英文就行了。第二句从第一个方面说,我们了解社会途径一。第三是途径二,第四句话是途径三。下面第三段我是怎样了解社会,主题句可以这样写,我通过以下方式来了解社会的,主题句,这是第一句。第二句我的方法一,我通过读报纸来去了解社会,第三句话,我还通过听收音机,看电视来去了解社会,第四句话,我还可以去找一个兼职工作来去了解社会,这四句话就完了,这样12句话就非常的清楚,达到了内容切题,达到的条理清楚。所以说这样一来,及格分应当问题不大的。

四六级写作中使用率最高的基本句式

以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式,每组句式的功能相同或相似,考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的1-2个,做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。

1.表示原因

1)There are three reasons for this.

2)The reasons for this are as follows.

3)The reason for this is obvious.

4)The reason for this is not far to seek.

5)The reason for this is that...

6)We have good reason to believe that...

例如:There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly,people’s living standard has been greatly improved.,most people are well paid,and they can afford what they need or like.t,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.

注:如写第一个句子没有把握,可将其改写成两个句子。如:Great changes have taken place in our life.There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。

2.表示好处

1)It has the following advantages.

2)It does us a lot of good.

3)It benefits us quite a lot.

4)It is beneficial to us.

5)It is of great benefit to u(转载于:www.Zw2.cN 爱 作 文 网)s.

例如:Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better,and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore,reading extensively is of great benefit to us.

3.表示坏处

1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.

2)It does us much harm.

3)It is harmful to us.

例如:However,everything divides into two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.

4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能

1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient,possible)for sb.to do sth.

2)We think it necessary to do sth.

3)It plays an important role in our life.

例如:Computers are now being used everywhere,whether in the government,in schools or in business.Soon,computers will be found in every home,too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.

5.表示措施

1)We should take some effective measures.

2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.

3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.

4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted)with.

例如:The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, we must take some effective measures to solve it.

6.表示变化

1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.

2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.

3)The computer has brought about many changes in education.

例如:Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays,more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein,and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.

7.表示事实、现状

1)We cannot ignore the fact that...

2)No one can deny the fact that...

3)There is no denying the fact that...

4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.

5)However,that’s not the case.

例如:We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems,we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.

8.表示比较

1)Compared with A,B...

2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.

3)There is a striking contrast between them.

例如:Compared with cars,bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly,they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly,they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least,they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise.

9.表示数量

1)It has increased(decreased)from...to...

2)The population in this city has now increased(decreased)to 800,000.

3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15%compared with that of January.

例如:With the improvement of the living standard,the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.

再如:From the graph listed above,it can be seen that students’ use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.

10.表示看法

1)People have(take,adopt,assume)different attitudes towards sth.

2)People have different opinions on this problem.

3)People take different views of(on)the question.

4)Some people believe that...Others argue that...

例如:People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success.Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However,others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.

再如:Do lucky numbers really bring good luck?Different people have different views on it. 注:一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始,应掌握这一写作方法。

11.表示结论

1)In short,it can be said that...

2)It may be briefly summed up as follows.

3)From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that...

例如:From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary,however,its method should be improved.

注:例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句;例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。

12.套语

1)It’s well known to us that...

2)As is known to us,...

3)This is a topic that is being widely talked about.

4)From the graph(图表、坐标图、曲线图)(table,pie chart: 饼图)listed above,it can be seen that...

5)As a proverb says,(as the saying goes) “there is a will,there is a way.

例如:As is well known to us,it is important for the students to know the world outside campus.

The reason for this is obvious.Nowadays,the society is changing and developing rapidly,and the campus is no longer an “ivory tower. As college students,we must get in touch with the world outside the campus.Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate.

再如:Does it pay to be honest?This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it

归纳:

一,开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned

2.It goes without saying that...

3.It can be said with certainty that...

4.As the proverb says

5.It has to be noticed that...

6.It`s generally recognized that...

7.It`s likely that

8.It`s hardly that...

It’s hardly too much to say that...

What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是

There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问,无可否认

Nothing is more important than the fact that...

二,衔接句型

As is often the case...

As stated in the previous paragraph如前段所述

But the problem is not so simple. Therefore然而问题并非如此简单,所以…… But it’s a pity that...

For all that...In spite of the fact that...

Further, we hold opinion that...

However, the difficulty lies in...

Similarly, we should pay attention to...

not (that)...but(that)...不是,而是

In view of the present situation.鉴于目前形势

As has been mentioned above...

In this respect, we many as well (say)从这个角度上我们可以说

However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is...然而我们还得看到事物的另三,结尾句型

I will conclude by saying...

Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...

All things considered,总而言之

It may be safely said that...

Therefore, in my opinion, it`s more advisable...

It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好

四。万能句型

Let`s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明

e.g. Let’s take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.

It remains to be further studied...

The question is how...

一方面,即

篇二:四六级写作方法

四六级作文练习基本方法

一、语言第一位

四、六级写作重点考查考生的英语(论坛)表达能力。阅卷老师最重视的是语言,考生最需要提高的也是语言。有的同学以为使用一些高难词汇就能取得高分,其实不然。中英文写作都讲究“平淡如水”、“简洁就是美”、“绚烂之极,归于平淡”。美国作家海明威经常使用小学词汇,但他是诺贝尔文学奖的得主,可见语言的好坏不在词藻的华丽与否,而在于使用得是否得当。中学词汇用好了,完全可以取得各种英语写作考试的满分。当然基础较好的同学,恰当使用高难词汇有助于提高分数。但是不要盲目追求难度,“与其写一个错误的复杂句,不如写一个正确的简单句。”

四、六级写作话题、观点和字数都有严格限制,它只是一个展示你英语书面表达能力的平台。因此,考生应该把构思的时间减到最少,把主要精力放在推敲语言上,力争将语法、拼写、标点等低级错误降至最低,力求用词用句准确恰当,表达地道。这样,即便没有使用高难词汇和句型,也可以保证稳得及格分数。切记作文不是口语,语言永远第一,它决定了得分高下。

阅卷老师在语言方面主要从两个方面进行评判:

1、基本正确

四、六级考生的最大问题不是写得太简单,而是严重错误太多。基础一般的同学即使使用小学或中学词汇和句型,只要使用得基本正确,也可以得到及格分数。考生最常犯的语言错误有三类:语法、拼写、标点。最常犯的语法错误包括:时态、冠词、主谓一致、名词单复数等。

2、丰富多变

基础较好的同学,要想取得四、六级写作高分,应做到丰富多变。丰富多变体现在词汇和句型两方面。同一词语在一句话、一个段落乃至一篇文章中最好不要重复出现,应尽量使用同、近义词替换(无法替换的关键词除外)。例如:think可以替换为reckon, assume, argue等词。如果想不到同、近义词,可以使用上义词进行替换。此外,句型也应富于变化,不要拘泥于主谓宾句型,可以使用主系表、过去分词和现在分词短语作状语、不定式短语作状语、状语从句等多种句型。

四级作文如果量化成句数,只需写10句左右;六级只需12句左右。全文应以短句为主,长短句相结合。所谓短句是指10个词左右的句子,不能全篇都是5、6个词的短句。同时,全文应有一定数量的长句,一般15~20词即可,太长则易冗赘。有的同学以为只写长句不写短句,就能取得高分,实际上老师看长句会觉得很累,以为你不会写短句,通常不会给高分。如果一篇中文作文每句都30多个字,定然晦涩难懂,英文也不例外。精炼的短句可以放在段首表示强调;复杂的长句可以进行具体的论证、举例或描述。

二、高分真经

(一)背诵

背诵是提高英语综合能力的法宝,可分为以下5个层次:(1)精彩词汇,(2)精彩句型,(3)精彩句子,(4)万能框架,(5)经典范文。注意句子和句型不一样,精彩句子应作为单词来记忆。背诵前,确保自己已充分理解所有内容。

语言学习有两个关键词——输入(INPUT)和输出(OUTPUT)。听力和阅读属于输入,考生处于被动状态,只需在考场上将听到和看到的东西弄懂。应对这种题目的技巧很多,容易在短期内提高。但口语和写作属于输出,考生必须变被动为主动,这很难在短期内突破。没有大量的输入,很难进行自由输出。

四、六级写作需要在30分钟内完成一篇短文,共计120或150余字,很多同学叫苦不迭。但若将其改为中文作文,大家就会觉得易如反掌。原因何在?俗话说:“熟读唐诗三百首,不会做诗也能吟。”同学们从小到大背诵了大量中文佳作,可以随意组合,自由输出。然而,在英语学习中,多数同学只沉溺于背单词、抠语法、做阅读,很少有人背诵英文文章。正因为没有大量输入,写作才始终处于“挤牙膏”状态,想一句说一句,说一句翻译一句。

提高英语写作要多读、多背、多写、多改。多读、多背是首要任务,是积累输入的关键。考生应大量积累经典英文句型、表达和范文,平时勤于背诵。

有的同学问我,说自己背过很多英文文章,但上了考场还是大脑一片空白,什么都想不起来。这种情况很常见,主要有两个原因:一是没有进行造句的工作,只是盲目背诵。二是背得不够熟练。学习任何东西都讲究先求质,再求量。大家英语学了很多年,文章看了很多,为什么写作还是学不好?关键是量铺开了,但质没有上去。一篇文章应背到脱口而出的程度,如果还需要过脑子,就证明背得不够熟练。一知半解,背得再多也是徒劳。

(二)默写

背完经典范文后,进行默写。然后对照原文纠错,搞清楚错在什么地方。多数同学在写的时候都会犯小错误,如拼写、单复数、大小写等。这些就是你在写作中的弱点,也是阅卷老师最不能容忍的地方。培根说过:“Writing makes an exact man。”(写作使人精确。)只有默写下来你才会发现自己常犯哪些错误。

(三)中译英

中译英也是提高写作的好方法。根据范文的中文译文,将其按自己的理解译成英文。译完后,你就会发现自己的翻译和原文有很大差距,这些差距就是取得写作高分的关键。这时,对照范文,看看原作者是怎么写的,思考为什么这么写。同样的一句中文,范文中使用了哪些词汇和句型?你使用了哪些词汇和句型?学习范文使用不同的词汇和句型。通过不断练习,你的写作水平不知不觉就提高了。

(四)写作

模仿范文写作新的文章,套用范文的精彩词汇、句型、句子和框架。最初套用时可能比较生硬,但随着不断的积累,组合起来会越来越顺手。

上述的高分策略是提高四、六级英语写作水平最有效的方法。在练习写作的初始阶段, 可勤查语法书和字典等工具书, 背记常用词和短语, 以扩大词汇量, 拓展知识面。背单词时要深刻理解所背词语的内在含义, 并了解其使用环境。备考时,熟记一些过渡词、句型和范文,并进行仿写。考试时,使用学习过的、熟悉而有把握的词汇和句型,没有把握的句子,尽量采取“回避政策”,切忌自编自造汉语式的英语词组和句型。

篇三:四六级英语作文写作技巧

开头万能公式

1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言经典句型:

A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言)

It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言)

更多经典句型:

As everyone knows, No one can deny that…

2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计

原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。

原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型:

According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.

看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: 更多句型:

A recent statistics shows that …

结尾万能公式

1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论

说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子:

Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.

如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了!

更多过渡短语:

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型:

Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that…

2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议

如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽!

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.

这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢?

更多句型:Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.

Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

写作的“七项基本原则”

一、 长短句原则

工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:

As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.

如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记!

强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。

二、 主题句原则

国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事!特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的!

To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.

三、 一二三原则

领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。

1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗)

2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗)

3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗)

4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐,原因:俗)

5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)

6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)

7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)

8)most important of all, moreover, finally

9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)

10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)

建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!

四、 短语优先原则

写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如:

I cannot bear it.

可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it.

I want it.

可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it.

这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。

五、 多实少虚原则

原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如:

走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room

但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room

小姐走出房间应该说:sail out of the room

小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room

老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room

所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!

六、 多变句式原则

1)加法(串联)

都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说:

I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.

如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式:

Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.

其它的短语可以用:

besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover

2)转折(拐弯抹角) 批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。

The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.

The coat was thin, but it was warm.

写作技巧