2016普陀区高三英语一模作文

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2016普陀区高三英语一模作文字数作文

篇一：上海市2016届普陀区高三一模英语卷(官方版)

2016届上海普陀高三一模

考试时间：120分钟满分：150分

II. Grammar and Vocabulary （26分）

Section A

Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of

the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

(A)

Different forms of hospitality (好客)

I am a British woman social anthropologist (人类学家). I once spent a year in Moldova, in

Eastern Europe, （25）______ (study) everyday life in the country. I stayed with a Moldovan

family to see from the inside how people managed their lives. I had a wonderful time and made

many new friends. What I observed is of course based on my own experience at a particular place

and time.

I often found (26) _______ surprisingly difficult to see life there through the eyes of a

Moldovan. This was (27) ______ the people I met were extremely hospitable and I was treated as

an honoured guest at all times. As my hosts, they wanted me to enjoy myself, and not to get (28)

______ (involve) in shopping, cooking, or other domestic jobs. Most mornings I was encouraged

to go out to explore the city, or carry out my research, and I returned later to find that my elderly

landlady and her sister had travelled across the city on buses to the central market (29) ________

(bring) back heavy loads of potatoes, a whole lamb, or other large quantities of products.

I was often invited to people?s homes, and was always offered food on entering. Most of the

adults I met enjoyed inviting friends, family, neighbours, colleagues and even strangers into their

homes, (30) ______ they treated them to food, drink, and a lively hospitable atmosphere. Hosts

hurried to serve guests as well and as quickly as possible. (31) ______ a household was expecting

guest, large amounts of food were prepared in advance, usually by the women. Wine had already

been made, generally by the men, (32) ______ were also responsible for pouring it. Unexpected

visitors were still offered as much food and drink as the household (33) ______ provide in the

circumstances.

(B)

How English family life has evolved since the eighteenth century

The majority of English families of the pre-industrial age, roughly until the mid-eighteen

century, lived in a rural location. Many of them owned or had the use of a small piece of land, and

actually all family members were busy with agricultural work in one form or another, usually (34)

_______ (grow) food for their own consumption and sometimes also producing food or other

goods for sale.

The labour was controlled by the husband, (35) ______ _____ his wife and children, too,

had an economic value as their contributions to the family income were likely to make the

difference between starvation and survival.

Children worked from an early age, girls helping their mothers, and boys their fathers.

School was an occasional factor in their lives. Instead, children learned by doing (36) _______

______________________________________________________________

跃龙学堂您身边的中小学生辅导专家 1

their parents showed them. Knowledge of caring (37) ______ animals, sewing was handed down

from parent to child.

Also, most people engaged in handicraft production in the home, and the family (38)

______ (pay) to work with cloth, wood or leather. In general, this work could be put aside and

taken up again when there was a break such as agricultural work.

The process of industrialization in the second half of the eighteenth century and during the

nineteenth transformed life for the majority of the population. It was the use of steam to power

machinery (39) ______ required large buildings, and it resulted in the construction of numerous

factories in many towns and cities. These in turn (40) _______ （encourage）migration from the

countryside in search of work. If electricity had preceded steam, domestic industry might have

survived more fully.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only

be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family,

friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to

come from marriage or a(n) ____ relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 ___by William

Farr, who wrote that widows (寡妇)and widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their

married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a

man?s life and two to a woman?s. The effect ____ for all causes of death, whether illness, accident

or self-harm.

Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of

the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can ___ to live

nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man

who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn?t smoke.

There?s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years

following their spouse?s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with

some of the same ___ problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more

than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of

social networks have similar effects.

So how does it work? The effects are complex, 46____ by socio-economic factors,

health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms.

For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to

better health and less chance of _47__ later in life. People in supportive relationships may __48__

stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.

A life partner, children and good friends are all __49_ if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate

social network is still being _____ out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their

health is interconnected.”

III. Reading Comprehension（47分）

______________________________________________________________

2 跃龙学堂您身边的中小学生辅导专家

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,

C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Who needs sleep?

It?s 2 a.m. The time when you should be in beds, sound asleep. But pull back the curtains and

you might be surprised by the number of lights on in your street Night-time is ___51___ just for

sleeping. It has become the new daytime, offering us the chance to catch up on everything we

didn?t manage to finish during what used to be our ___52____ hours. Now, ___53___ sleeping, we

can check our bank balances by phone, buy groceries, surf the net for cheap flights or go to the

gym.

Such flexibility, ____54___, has a price. Our bodies are run by circadian rhythms (昼夜节律), a

prehistoric internal clock that regulates when we feel sleepy or awake and affects our body

temperature and level of alertness. It makes our brains and bodies ___55___ during the day and

allows them to recover through the night. So powerful is this clock that even two weeks on a

nightshift without break will not ___56___ its rhythm, and when scientists keep human volunteers

in isolation, without any indication of what time it is in the day, they still show daily cycles of

temperature changes, sleep and wakefulness, and hormone release. But, ___57___ working against

our body?s natural rhythm is likely to cause ourselves both physical and psychological damage.

Research also shows it may actually ___58___ our risk of health problems such as stomach

diseases.

Consultant Tom Mackey believes that our normal circadian rhythms are increasingly being

completely ____59__. “More and more of us are being pressured into doing things at odd hours.

This is going to have a(n) ___60___ impact on quality and length of sleep. If people don?t go to

bed at a reasonable time, say around 11 p.m., and have between six and eight hours of sleep, they

will be unable to concentrate. You need sleep for rest and ___61____. If you stuff your mind with

information for too long, then everything gets disorganized ---you become __62____ to manage

daytime activities.”

The circadian rhythms that run the sleep/wake cycle are as old as ___63____ itself. Our

prehistoric ancestors would have needed their biological clock to get them out hunting during the

day and probably in bed around nightfall to avoid intruders. Our night vision is not as fast as that

of nocturnal (夜间活动的) animals ---our natural rhythm was to sleep as the sun went down. The

invention of the electric light obviously ____64___ that. Like most biological systems, circadian

rhythms are not made to ____65___. Our internal clock runs a bit longer than 24 hours, hence its

Latin name, circadian, which means “about a day.”

51. A. by all means B. on earth C. in no timeD. to this day

52. A. sleeping B. waking C. business D. rush

53. A. in terms of B. regardless of C. as a result of D. instead of

54. A. furthermore B. otherwise C. however D. somewhat

55. A. activeB. relaxing C. tiring D. conscious

56. A. form B. destroy C. improve D. recover

57. A. Efficiently B. Proudly C. Continually D. Independently

______________________________________________________________

跃龙学堂您身边的中小学生辅导专家 3

58. A. minimizeB. assess C. avoid D. increase

59. A. broken B. enhanced C. emphasized D. misunderstood

60. A. effectiveB. negativeC. directD. reliable

61. A. reservation B. resettingC. repairD. replacement

62. A. bored B. willing C. likelyD. unable

63. A. evolution B. clockC. mystery D. hunting

64. A. improved B. changed C. speeded D. followed

65. A. measureB. reverse C. regulate D. discover

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or

unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose

the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

When milk on the doorstepan delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He

wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5-year-old boy, I couldn?t take my eyes off the coin

changer fixed to his b

When I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkmelt. He noticed this

one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.

Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so on. If we needed to change

our order, my mother would pen a note - “Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery” - and

place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then, the buttermilk would magically appear.

All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families

and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to out house, for those times when it was so cold

outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn?t freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille

from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about

his delivery.

There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper

milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it

may just not have been practical to have a delivery service.

Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it

home and planted it on the back porch （门廊）. Every so often my son?s friends will ask what it is.

So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with

his milk.

66. Mr Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer _____.

A. to show his magical power. B. to pay for the delivery.

C. to satisfy his curiosity. D. to please his mother.

67. What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy?s house?

A. He wanted to have tea there. B. He was a respectable person.

C. He was treated as a family member. D. He was fully trusted by the family.

68. Why does home milk delivery no longer exist?

A. Nobody wants to be a milkman now. B. It has been driven out of the market.

C. Its service is getting poor. D. It is forbidden by law.

69. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?

______________________________________________________________

4 跃龙学堂您身边的中小学生辅导专家

A. He missed the good old days. B. He wanted to tell interesting stories.

C. He needed it for his milk bottles. D. He planted flowers in it.

CWU

The communication union Head of Research

Salary: ￡55.271

We are looking for a Head of Research to manage the CWU Research Department and Information Centre. You would be required to exercise control of all research work of the department and manage a team of three researchers and four support staff.

The person appointed would be expected to carry out research work of a strategic nature across the range of businesses in which the CWU has or seeks membership and to contribute to the strategic thinking and direction of the union as a whole.

You will need: proven line management skills, especially in managing and motivating a team; good research skills, holding a good degree in a related subject or other similar experience; a high level of mathematical and calculating skills; the ability to produce high quality work under pressure; a commitment to and knowledge of the trade union movement and social democratic politics; and knowledge and/ or experience of the postal and/ or telecommunications industry.

To apply, please request an application pack by emailing hr@cwu.org or by telephoning HR (Human Resources ) on 020 8971 7482. When applying please state your source.

Closing Date for Applications: 4th August 2010

Anticipated interview date: 17th August 2010

No agencies please

1. In which column of a newspaper could we find this advertisement?

A. Arts.

B. Sales.

C. Jobs.

D. News.

2. One of the duties of the person to be appointed is _____.

A. taking charge of research work.

______________________________________________________________

跃龙学堂您身边的中小学生辅导专家 5

篇二：2016普陀高三英语一模试卷及答案

2016届上海普陀英语高三一模

考试时间：120分钟满分：150分

II. Grammar and Vocabulary （26分）

Section A

Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

(A)

Different forms of hospitality (好客)

I am a British woman social anthropologist (人类学家). I once spent a year in Moldova, in Eastern Europe,

（25）______ (study) everyday life in the country. I stayed with a Moldovan family to see from the inside how people managed their lives. I had a wonderful time and made many new friends. What I observed is of course based on my own experience at a particular place and time.

I often found (26) _______ surprisingly difficult to see life there through the eyes of a Moldovan. This was

(27) ______ the people I met were extremely hospitable and I was treated as an honoured guest at all times. As my hosts, they wanted me to enjoy myself, and not to get (28) ______ (involve) in shopping, cooking, or other domestic jobs. Most mornings I was encouraged to go out to explore the city, or carry out my research, and I returned later to find that my elderly landlady and her sister had travelled across the city on buses to the central market (29) ________ (bring) back heavy loads of potatoes, a whole lamb, or other large quantities of products.

I was often invited to people?s homes, and was always offered food on entering. Most of the adults I met enjoyed inviting friends, family, neighbours, colleagues and even strangers into their homes, (30) ______ they treated them to food, drink, and a lively hospitable atmosphere. Hosts hurried to serve guests as well and as quickly as possible. (31) ______ a household was expecting guest, large amounts of food were prepared in advance, usually by the women. Wine had already been made, generally by the men, (32) ______ were also responsible for pouring it. Unexpected visitors were still offered as much food and drink as the household (33) ______ provide in the circumstances.

(B)

How English family life has evolved since the eighteenth century

The majority of English families of the pre-industrial age, roughly until the mid-eighteen century, lived in a rural location. Many of them owned or had the use of a small piece of land, and actually all family members were busy with agricultural work in one form or another, usually (34) _______ (grow) food for their own consumption and sometimes also producing food or other goods for sale.

The labour was controlled by the husband, (35) ______ _____ his wife and children, too, had an economic value as their contributions to the family income were likely to make the difference between starvation and survival.

Children worked from an early age, girls helping their mothers, and boys their fathers. School was an occasional factor in their lives. Instead, children learned by doing (36) _______ their parents showed them. Knowledge of caring (37) ______ animals, sewing was handed down from parent to child.

Also, most people engaged in handicraft production in the home, and the family (38) ______ (pay) to work with cloth, wood or leather. In general, this work could be put aside and taken up again when there was a break such as agricultural work.

The process of industrialization in the second half of the eighteenth century and during the nineteenth transformed life for the majority of the population. It was the use of steam to power machinery (39) ______ required large buildings, and it resulted in the construction of numerous factories in many towns and cities. These in turn (40) _______ （encourage）migration from the countryside in search of work. If electricity had preceded

steam, domestic industry might have survived more fully.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or a(n) ____ relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 ___by William Farr, who wrote that widows (寡妇)and

widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man?s life and two to a woman?s. The effect ____ for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.

Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can ___ to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn?t smoke. There?s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse?s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same ___ problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.

So how does it work? The effects are complex, 46____ by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of _47__ later in life. People in supportive relationships may __48__ stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.

A life partner, children and good friends are all __49_ if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being _____ out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.” III. Reading Comprehension（47分）

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Who needs sleep?

It?s 2 a.m. The time when you should be in beds, sound asleep. But pull back the curtains and you might be surprised by the number of lights on in your street Night-time is ___51___ just for sleeping. It has become the new daytime, offering us the chance to catch up on everything we didn?t manage to finish during what used to be our ___52____ hours. Now, ___53___ sleeping, we can check our bank balances by phone, buy groceries, surf the net for cheap flights or go to the gym.

Such flexibility, ____54___, has a price. Our bodies are run by circadian rhythms (昼夜节律), a prehistoric internal clock that regulates when we feel sleepy or awake and affects our body temperature and level of alertness. It makes our brains and bodies ___55___ during the day and allows them to recover through the night. So powerful is this clock that even two weeks on a nightshift without break will not ___56___ its rhythm, and when scientists keep human volunteers in isolation, without any indication of what time it is in the day, they still show

daily cycles of temperature changes, sleep and wakefulness, and hormone release. But, ___57___ working against our body?s natural rhythm is likely to cause ourselves both physical and psychological damage. Research also shows it may actually ___58___ our risk of health problems such as stomach diseases.

Consultant Tom Mackey believes that our normal circadian rhythms are increasingly being completely ____59__. “More and more of us are being pressured into doing things at odd hours. This is going to have a(n) ___60___ impact on quality and length of sleep. If people don?t go to bed at a reasonable time, say around 11 p.m., and have between six and eight hours of sleep, they will be unable to concentrate. You need sleep for rest and ___61____. If you stuff your mind with information for too long, then everything gets disorganized ---you become __62____ to manage daytime activities.”

The circadian rhythms that run the sleep/wake cycle are as old as ___63____ itself. Our prehistoric ancestors would have needed their biological clock to get them out hunting during the day and probably in bed around nightfall to avoid intruders. Our night vision is not as fast as that of nocturnal (夜间活动的) animals ---our natural rhythm was to sleep as the sun went down. The invention of the electric light obviously ____64___ that. Like most biological systems, circadian rhythms are not made to ____65___. Our internal clock runs a bit longer than 24 hours, hence its Latin name, circadian, which means “about a day.”

51. A. by all means B. on earth C. in no timeD. to this day

52. A. sleeping B. waking C. business D. rush

53. A. in terms of B. regardless of C. as a result of D. instead of

54. A. furthermore B. otherwise C. however D. somewhat

55. A. activeB. relaxing C. tiring D. conscious

56. A. form B. destroy C. improve D. recover

57. A. Efficiently B. Proudly C. Continually D. Independently

58. A. minimizeB. assess C. avoid D. increase

59. A. broken B. enhanced C. emphasized D. misunderstood

60. A. effectiveB. negativeC. directD. reliable

61. A. reservation B. resettingC. repairD. replacement

62. A. bored B. willing C. likelyD. unable

63. A. evolution B. clockC. mystery D. hunting

64. A. improved B. changed C. speeded D. followed

65. A. measureB. reverse C. regulate D. discover

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

When milk on the doorstepan delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5-year-old boy, I couldn?t take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his b

When I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkmelt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.

Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order, my mother would pen a note - “Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery” - and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then, the buttermilk would magically appear.

All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to out house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn?t freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.

There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service.

Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it on the back porch （门廊）. Every so often my son?s friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.

66. Mr Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer _____.

A. to show his magical power. B. to pay for the delivery.

C. to satisfy his curiosity. D. to please his mother.

67. What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy?s house?

A. He wanted to have tea there. B. He was a respectable person.

C. He was treated as a family member. D. He was fully trusted by the family.

68. Why does home milk delivery no longer exist?

A. Nobody wants to be a milkman now. B. It has been driven out of the market.

C. Its service is getting poor. D. It is forbidden by law.

69. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?

A. He missed the good old days. B. He wanted to tell interesting stories.

C. He needed it for his milk bottles. D. He planted flowers in it.

CWU

The communication union

Head of Research

Salary: ￡55.271

To apply, please request an application pack by emailing hr@cwu.org or by telephoning HR (Human Resources ) on 020 8971 7482. When applying please state your source.

Closing Date for Applications: 4th August 2010

Anticipated interview date: 17th August 2010

No agencies please

1. In which column of a newspaper could we find this advertisement?

A. Arts.

B. Sales.

C. Jobs.

D. News.

2. One of the duties of the person to be appointed is _____.

A. taking charge of research work.

B. seeking membership for the trade union.

C. managing a team of three or four members.

D. running a telecommunications company.

3. If you want to apply for this position, you can do all EXCEPT _____.

A. ask an agency for an application form

B. dial 020 8971 7482 for more information

C. email hr@cwu.org for an application pack

D. send in your application before 4th August 2010

4. Which of the following applicants is most likely to be employed?

A. A school teacher with a master's degree.

B. A university graduate majoring in computer science.

C. A director from a research centre with a master's degree.

D. A clerk from a telecommunications company.

A child's map often provides a much-needed rest for parents too. Time for an uninterrupted phone call, or a rest on the sofa. And naps have to be a good thing for preschools, surely, since they need to take a rest and get enough sleep for their brains to develop. Short naps have also been shown to be good for adults---improving alertness and reaction times.

So it feels counterintuitive for a review of 26 studies to conclude that napping in children over two years of age may not be a good idea at all. The review says that after two years of age, napping is associated with going to sleep late at night, poorer quality sleep and waking earlier. So should we discourage naps in preschool chikdren -even if they really seem to need one?

Although the review talks about the effects of napping on two-year-olds, most of the evidence in review actually comes from studies on three-year-olds. Also ,the authors of the view article are clear that the research on children?s naps is of poor quality; some studies rely on parents? remembering how much their children slept, or are for very short periods.

篇三：2016普陀区高三英语一模试卷

2016届上海普陀高三一模

考试时间：120分钟满分：150分

II. Grammar and Vocabulary （26分）

Section A

(A)

Different forms of hospitality (好客)

I am a British woman social anthropologist (人类学家). I once spent a year in Moldova, in

Eastern Europe, （25）______ (study) everyday life in the country. I stayed with a Moldovan family to see from the inside how people managed their lives. I had a wonderful time and made many new friends. What I observed is of course based on my own experience at a particular place and time.

I often found (26) _______ surprisingly difficult to see life there through the eyes of a

Moldovan. This was (27) ______ the people I met were extremely hospitable and I was treated as an honoured guest at all times. As my hosts, they wanted me to enjoy myself, and not to get (28) ______ (involve) in shopping, cooking, or other domestic jobs. Most mornings I was encouraged to go out to explore the city, or carry out my research, and I returned later to find that my elderly landlady and her sister had travelled across the city on buses to the central market (29) ________ (bring) back heavy loads of potatoes, a whole lamb, or other large quantities of products.

I was often invited to people?s homes, and was always offered food on entering. Most of the

adults I met enjoyed inviting friends, family, neighbours, colleagues and even strangers into their homes, (30) ______ they treated them to food, drink, and a lively hospitable atmosphere. Hosts hurried to serve guests as well and as quickly as possible. (31) ______ a household was expecting guest, large amounts of food were prepared in advance, usually by the women. Wine had already been made, generally by the men, (32) ______ were also responsible for pouring it. Unexpected visitors were still offered as much food and drink as the household (33) ______ provide in the circumstances.

(B)

How English family life has evolved since the eighteenth century

The majority of English families of the pre-industrial age, roughly until the mid-eighteen

century, lived in a rural location. Many of them owned or had the use of a small piece of land, and actually all family members were busy with agricultural work in one form or another, usually (34) _______ (grow) food for their own consumption and sometimes also producing food or other goods for sale.

The labour was controlled by the husband, (35) ______ _____ his wife and children, too,

had an economic value as their contributions to the family income were likely to make the difference between starvation and survival.

Children worked from an early age, girls helping their mothers, and boys their fathers.

School was an occasional factor in their lives. Instead, children learned by doing (36) _______ their parents showed them. Knowledge of caring (37) ______ animals, sewing was handed down from parent to child.