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2016年考博英语翻译技巧:示例详解[1]

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2016年考博英语翻译技巧:示例详解[1]
2016年考博英语翻译技巧:示例详解[1]博士入学考试

  1.改变词类(Conversion)
  英语一个词能充当的句子成分较少,充当不同成分时常常要改变词类。最常见的是将英语的名词或形容词转换成汉语的动词。
  Insulin is used in the treatment of diabetes. 胰岛素用于治疗糖尿病。
  This issue is of paramount importance. 这个问题极其重要。
  Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们之间的关系有一个特点,就是相敬如宾。
  As the war progressed, he would symbolize their frustrations, the embodiment of all evils. 随着战争的进行,他成了受挫的象征,成了万恶的化身。
  It leads the discussions to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. (34 words ) (1997. 73)
  这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端,它使人们认为该这样对待动物:要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅,要么完全冷漠无情。
  Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. (27 words) (1997. 72)
  人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论,主要是因为史学界内意见不一,其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。
  The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. (2003. 63)
  强调收集第一手资料,加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角,使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。
  2. 选词用字(Diction)
  Before Hugo could protest, he and the others were led away. (抗议→分辩)
  Put a teaspoonful of tea in the pot and then you just add the boiling water to it and let it stand. (稍等片刻再喝)
  It’s a crime you didn’t finish school. (憾事)
  There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. (2001.71)
  届时将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规),监控器就会使其停驶。
  3.语序调整(Inversion)
  一个句子中词和分句的顺序,英汉两种语言往往不同。如表示时间和地点,英语常常是先小后大,而汉语是先大后小。
  His address is 3612 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19001, USA. Don’t hesitate to come when you need help.
  Black and white TV, iron and steel company, 李梅亭(Mate in Lee)
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