2017年考博英语翻译指导（2）

Before printing was invented，a scholar had to copy characters one by one if he wanted to publish a new book.During the Northern Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng invented the movable-type printing after many years of experimentation.He engraved the characters on small pieces of clay,and heated them until they became hard movable characters.When print in ga book，people placed the move able characters in order into a whole block and then ran off aprint.After printing, they took the block apart and reused the characters later.This method was both economical and time-saving.China's movable-type printing first spread eastward intoKorea and Japan,then westward into Persia and Egypt,and at last,around the world.The invention of movable-type printing greatly promoted the cultural exchanges among countriesall over the world.
参考翻译
　　印刷术发明之前，想出版新书的学者必须一字一字地抄写。北宋时期，经过多年的实验，毕昇发明了活字印刷术(movable-type printing)。他把汉字刻在一小块泥胚(pieces of clay)上，加热汉字直到其变成硬的活字。印书时,人们按顺序将活字摆在一起，印出印迹。印刷完后，他们把字分开，以后重复使用。这种方法既经济又省时。中国的活字印刷术首先向东传至朝鲜和日本，之后向西传至波斯(Persia)和埃及，最后传遍全球。活字印刷术的发明大大促进了世界各国的文化交流。
　　1.印刷术:可译为printing。
　　2.出版新书:可译为publish a new book。 3.刻:即“雕刻”，可译为engrave。
　　4.泥胚:可译为pieces of clay。clay意为“黏土，陶土”。 5.按顺序:可译为in order。
　　6.向东传至朝鲜和日本:可译为spread eastward into Korea and Japan。博士入学考试