请问,

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请问,
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请问,
请问,

请问,
1.Blacklist,black market,black-hearted
不管是在英语还是汉语里,“黑”常常和一些不太好意思联系在一起.In both English and Chinese,there are various terms indicating that black is often associated with negative qualities:blacklist (黑名单),black market (黑市),black-hearted (黑心肝的) and a number of others.
Interestingly,in business English,"in the black" has a good meaning; i.e.,running a business profitably.Example:Since he became manager,the company has been running in the black.自从他成为管理者以来,公司一直在赢利.
相反,in the red 则表示公司经营不善,出现赤字--这种用法应该是源于会计上的账簿,如果是亏空,在账簿上反映出来就是用红颜色填写.
但是到了股市上,红色可不是亏空.全线飘红--一片形式大好,股票都在涨呢,相反要是一片绿色的话,事情可就不妙了,不信你去观察观察那些股民的眼睛,那真是--眼睛都绿了.
2.Black eye
Black eye 在英文里指“在打架时被人打出来的青肿眼眶”.但give someone/something a black eye 引申出来的意思却是:败坏(某人)的名声.
比如:The bully gave Jimmy a black eye.(Jim被流氓打的鼻青眼肿.)这里是按照字面意思使用的场合.
做比喻意使用时,是“使人失去体面”、“败坏他人名声”或“把某人或某一事物搞臭”的意味了.比如:The rumors that he has been friendly with underworld figures has given the candidate a black eye.(关于那位候选人与黑社会人物交往密切的流言把他的名声搞臭了.)
3.The black sheep of the family
意思是:(家族里的黑羊)败家子.这个表达法来源于谚语There is a black sheep in every flock.(羊群里有黑羊.)
black sheep 为什么会成为“败家子”呢?书上是这样解释的:第一:黑绵羊的毛不值钱;(不过黑豆,黑芝麻之类的黑色食品近几年似乎很吃香,很值钱呀.)第二:它的黑颜色使其它的羊害怕.因此,自古以来,人们就认为黑绵羊是给羊群添麻烦的东西.
现在black sheep也可以引申为一个组织里给大家添麻烦或是搞破坏的人