英语翻译There is now growing evidence that the regulation of immunity or tolerance takes place primarily at the level of dendritic cells (DC).DC constitute a complex system of cells which,under different conditions,can present antigen,inducing su

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英语翻译There is now growing evidence that the regulation of immunity or tolerance takes place primarily at the level of dendritic cells (DC).DC constitute a complex system of cells which,under different conditions,can present antigen,inducing su
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英语翻译There is now growing evidence that the regulation of immunity or tolerance takes place primarily at the level of dendritic cells (DC).DC constitute a complex system of cells which,under different conditions,can present antigen,inducing su
英语翻译
There is now growing evidence that the regulation of immunity or tolerance takes place primarily at the level of dendritic cells (DC).DC constitute a complex system of cells which,under different conditions,can present antigen,inducing such contrasting states as immunity and tolerance.1,2 The heterogeneity of DC can be studied by a variety of methods:flow sorting of fluorescence labelled DC; different cytokine culture conditions; and adherent versus floating states of DC.According to the method used,DC with different phenotypes and functions can be obtained.Distinct DC subsets exhibit different characteristics,and mediate polarization of immune responses towards T helper type 1 (Th1) or Th2 responses.For example,a lymphoid-related subset induces high levels of the Th1 cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2),but little or no Th2 cytokines.In contrast,a myeloid-related subset induces large amounts of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10,in addition to IFN-γ and IL-2.3 CD8α+ DC drive the development of Th1-type immune responses,whereas conventional CD8α– DC induce the differentiation of Th2-type responses.4 It is postulated that mature DC may be best suited to achieve in vivo anti-tumour and anti-infection effects because of their capacity to efficiently present antigen to naÝve T cells.Immature DC,on the other hand,may induce tolerance rather than immunity.5
In the present study,we compared adherent and floating DC derived from healthy Lewis rat bone marrow regarding phenotypes,properties and functions.Adherent DC expressed high levels of IL-10 mRNA and protein,and low levels of IL-12 mRNA,and showed high expression of CD54 compared to floating DC.In vivo,adherent DC that had been pulsed in vitro with encephalitogenic myelin basic protein peptide 68–86 (MBP 68–86) induced tolerance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) when injected subcutaneously (s.c.) to Lewis rats prior to immunization with MBP 68–86 and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA).The results suggest that the mechanism of DC-induced tolerance might result from a nitric oxide (NO)-mediated apoptosis pathway and/or up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) -expressing cells.
谢绝翻译机
谢绝翻译机，完全没准度

英语翻译There is now growing evidence that the regulation of immunity or tolerance takes place primarily at the level of dendritic cells (DC).DC constitute a complex system of cells which,under different conditions,can present antigen,inducing su
越来越多的证据显示了发生在树突状细胞（DC）上的免疫和耐受规律.树突状细胞包括一个复杂的系统,在不同条件下,可以为其提供抗原,这与免疫和耐受相关文章的论述相符.树突状细胞的不均一性可以通过多种不同的方法研究：通过荧光标记流式分类；不同的细胞因子培养条件；树突状细胞胶着的悬浮状态等.根据现有方法,可以获得具有不同表现型和功能的树突状细胞.不同的树突状细胞亚群显示不同的性状,可以在T辅助细胞1（Th1）或2（Th2）的免疫反应中起到中间体的作用.例如,淋巴细胞群可以诱导产生大量Th1细胞因子干扰素γ（IFN-γ）和白介素2(IL-2),但是却产生很少或不产生Th2细胞因子.相比之下,骨髓细胞群除了诱导产生干扰素γ和白介素2以外,还产生大量Th2细胞因子白介素4和白介素10.CD8a+ 树突状细胞促使Th1型免疫反应的发生,而传统的CD8a树突状细胞诱导产生th2邢免疫反应.假设成熟的树突状细胞因其可以向本地（ na?ve 原文不明）T细胞有效地提供抗原从而具有非常适合活体内的抗肿瘤抗感染的功能,那么另一方面来讲,不成熟的树突状细胞可能比起免疫更有耐受能力.
在当前研究中,我们从健康Lewis鼠骨髓提出黏着和悬浮的树突状细胞,对比它们的表现型、适应性和功能.黏着树突状细胞产生大量的白介素10 mRNA和蛋白质,少量白介素12 mRNA,比悬浮树突状细胞相比具有更高的CD54表达能力.在活体中,与导致脑炎的髓磷脂基蛋白质缩氨酸68-86（MBP 68-86）一起排到体外的黏着树突状细胞在脑脊髓炎自身免疫中的具有耐受性.试验通过给Lewis鼠皮下注射（s.c.)让其产生MBP 68-86 和弗氏完全佐剂 (CFA)的免疫.结果显示出了一个机理,树突状细胞诱导的耐受力是由一氧化氮（NO）介导的细胞凋亡方式和（或）转移生
长因子β (TGF-β)表达细胞的增量调节产生.
仅供参考,具体太专业的部分自己理解吧,绝对非机译

额……头晕……犯困了……

我汗。。。太多点吧。

现在有发展的证据那豁免权或宽容的条例发生主要在树枝状的细胞的水平 (直流). 直流构成一细胞的复杂系统那些, 以下不同的条件, 能目前的抗原, 引导这样对照的州当豁免权和宽容.1,2 这直流的异质性可能研究由种种方法: 流荧光的分类标签直流; 不同细胞因子文化条件; 和追随者对漂浮的州的直流. 根据使用的方法, 直流和不同显型和职能可能获得. 清楚直流子集展品不同的特性, 和调解免疫反应的极化向 ...

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现在有发展的证据那豁免权或宽容的条例发生主要在树枝状的细胞的水平 (直流). 直流构成一细胞的复杂系统那些, 以下不同的条件, 能目前的抗原, 引导这样对照的州当豁免权和宽容.1,2 这直流的异质性可能研究由种种方法: 流荧光的分类标签直流; 不同细胞因子文化条件; 和追随者对漂浮的州的直流. 根据使用的方法, 直流和不同显型和职能可能获得. 清楚直流子集展品不同的特性, 和调解免疫反应的极化向 ......................
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呃，太多了

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