英语各个时态中的时间标志

来源:学生作业帮助网 编辑:作业帮 时间:2024/11/25 13:16:21
英语各个时态中的时间标志
xYmOW+wmT4M+VQQVHJj~ bX3Pbm@/$^KvS>ޙU0s_Μssy͕—~-Ͻ^{/sgx\]. _^?dIk=ub{Suڱ~GIG5e!vւ;b{^,nb8YǓ)3tmdVmkGbgK[YN-Vk@TNM oM )mr!Q[4n 5Ľ`> t&9\Qy(-= V7-1LlO^UT{ʷ{$!_`uţS:$}_A 'ݷ0MIL'cdxca,gfp-n3̛e01tc(:OŖ7no.0*ƇJ >[~sgA&#v6jKGJK6r87{l5) $hع)q27W7'[۵X GsK )7\ !ߺi΀˱ fv* e.8;AWy^B I #We :Z')gC֏%zO#/E%k:C垜" v֦xWOqՎG-.D_zq1Q9@ȏ :4 5hBj t@3Q,_X]RI QlL(ڊN9]y/! (LC GJE"jרҌ$eN|378ZI֎^K˹@uq}(-9A>#bD:rasS'Ƿ9J2W"e@ijBq=\R8x h~ M-SKo 4`}#oNHKs趛J%f %@R(ա:cdbZLF/0N^t28]AlfG$[4xnHZHțZy͉M`а\G2O#5`ҕ(9ϥ8MI9\&2 i <,O0yzJXBO%uΰnۮ'TOQAivMBUC"\B s> "9ؒt ]|Fm9z ztç BCqdץl2iyEUBXPEN~L ֞[8̼'$D7-:-nylh S<Xy6l0\E&RCӿ>:DF;ΛgTQ3,.l@ax(RuG -@QeHG9BWE #kYZ^ s?zjz&=f|Һ#MDMlw# 4/@AKtuGMԼrY:LYaYWq[7~9]`Tludx$xն DžL<˄M,S쿕Xh;3ru]VTA-ӻ{e(s1ExCd7Af8/D~-͘D\lPzjeU3HKΤө~H>T*rdIAp^ws43g;ZT&Y2ʋBrkݛ IEqȿBr,64₊ΪD( 饳W.)zD

英语各个时态中的时间标志
英语各个时态中的时间标志

英语各个时态中的时间标志
时态和时间是两个不同的概念.
时间是一种客观存在的形式,它不依赖于任何一种特定的语言,为所有的文化共有.
时态是一种语言的手段,依语言的不同而有所区别,它是属于动词的语法范畴.英语动词时态是以动词形式变化来表示句子中谈到的动作、状态的时间关系和说话的时间.因此我们可以看到时态和时间两者间虽然有关系,但不可以混淆.
The plane leaves tomorrow morning. 飞机明晨起飞.此句中的时态为一般现在时,但是它所表示的时间却为将来(明晨)
英语动词的常用时态总共有十六种:一般现在时现在进行时\一般过去时\过去进行时\一般将来时\将来进行时\现在完成时\过去完成时\将来完成时\现在完成进行时\过去完成进行时
1.一般现在时一般现在时的形式是以动词的原形表示的,当主语为第三人称单数时,做谓语的动词原形后要加上词尾-s or –es,
一般现在时的功用 1. 表示一直发生的事情,经常发生的动作:Nurses look after patients in hospitals. Excuse me, do you speak English? I get up at 8 o’clock every morning. It often rains in summer in Beijing.
2. 表示客观事实或者真理:Birds fly. The earth goes around the sun.
3. 谈论时间表、旅程表等,如:What time does the film begin? The football match starts at 8 o’clock. Tomorrow is Thursday. 4. 谈论籍贯、国籍等,如:Where do you come from? I come from China. 你是哪国人?我是中国人. Where do you come from? I come from Guangzhou. 你是哪里人?我是广州人.
5. 询问或者引用书籍、通知或新近接到的信笺内容,如:What does that notice say? What does Ann say in her letter? She says she’s coming to Beijing next week. Shakespears says, “Neither a borrower or a lender be.” 莎士比亚说:“既不要向人借钱,也不要借钱给别人.”
一般过去时 一般过去时是表示在说话时间以前发生的动作或者状态的动词时态,它是英语时态体系中最重要的时态之一.
1) 一般过去时规则动词的构成形式:规则动词在其原形后面加-ed: to work-worked 以字母e结尾的规则动词,只加-d: to love---loved 对所有人称均无词形变化.否定式均由did not + 动词原形构成I / you / he / she / they / we did not work. 疑问式均由 did + 主语 + 动词原形构成拼写注意:情况变化例词动词为单音节,以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾辅音字母双写,再加-ed Stop-stoppedAdmit—admitted 以y结尾的动词,在y 前为辅音字母时 Y 变为 I ,加 – ed Carry –carriedHurry –hurried 以y 结尾的动词,在y 前为元音字母时加—ed Obey—obeyedEnjoy---enjoyed 在英语当中有一部分动词的过去式变化形式是不规则的,这类动词被称为不规则动词.总数大概不过200多个,但是使用频率很高.
一般过去时的功用
1)表示一个没指明具体时间的过去的行动,如:He worked in that bank for four years. (没说明起始时间,但是现在不在那里工作了).They once saw Deng Xiaopin. Did you ever hear BackStreet Boy sing?
2) 表示在过去特定的时间结束的行动,如:When did you meet him? I met him yesterday. When we lived in Phoenix, we studied at Arizona State University. Where have you been? I’ve been to the opera. Did you enjoy it?
3) 表示过去的习惯He always carried an umbrella. They never drank wine.
现在完成时的形式现在完成时由to have 的现在时+过去分词构成:肯定式否定式疑问式否定疑问式I have worked I have not worked Have I worked?
1) 表示延续到现在的动作(有时是总计做了多少次等).How many times have you been to the United States? She really loves that film. She has seen it eight times. Tom has lived in Now York all his life.
2) 表示开始与过去而在说话时刻结束的行动,如:I haven’t seen you for ages. 我好久没见到你了.(说话时刻已经见到了)This room hasn’t been cleaned for months. (也许从说话开始时刻就要打扫它了)
3) 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响,如:The window has broken.
4) 和最高级连用,表示到现在为止是最……的What a boring film! It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen. Is it a thick book?------Yes, it is the thickest book I’ve ever read.
5) 和句型 This is the first time…, It’s the first time 连用,
1)过去时仅仅表示过去,现在完成时还表示与现在的关系,如:He has lost his key. He lost his key.
2) 与现在无关的或者过去很久的历史事件不能用现在完成时The Chinese invented printing. Shakespear wrote Hamlet.
3)如果说明动作有特定的过去时间,就不能用现在完成时,
现在进行时的功用
1)表示说话时正在发生或者进行的动作Please don’t make so much noise, I’m studying. Let’s get out. It isn’t raining any more.
2) 表示在现在相对较长一段时间内正在进行的动作,但是说话一刻不一定在做的动作Have you heard about Tom? He is building his own house. David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing. 这些动作,在说话时并不一定在发生或进行,而是在包括说话的一刹那在内的一段时间内发生、进行的.
3)表示最近的确定的安排
. 4) 和always 连用表示某种情绪,可能是厌烦也可能是赞扬,如:Tom is always going away for weekends. My husband is always doing homework.
一般现在时和现在进行时的比较 一般现在时表示的是一般、重复的动作或者事情现在进行时表示说话时或说话前后正在发生的动作或事情,如:Tom plays tennis every Sunday. Where’s Tom? -------He is playing tennis. What do you do? 你是干什么工作的?
过去进行时的功用
1)表示在过去某个时间后者某段时间正在进行的动作,如:When I rang him up, he was having dinner. This time last year I was living in Shanghai. What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night?
2) 过去进行时和一般过去时连用,表示在一个动作发生的过程中,发生了另一个动作,如:It was raining when I got up. I fell asleep when I was watching television.
3) 过去一般时所说明的动作是已经完成的,而过去进行时不表示正在进行的动作一定会完成,如:Tom was cooking the dinner. Tom cooked the dinner. 现在完成进行时其构成形式如下:I / we / they have He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词功用如下:
1)表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动,