英语翻译中华姓氏的第三个特点,在于它的政治性.主要指等级性、封建性和阶级性.最初在姓族内部,按照族系的亲疏和辈分的高低,区别同族的嫡长者和旁系低辈分者.随着生产力的发展、子孙

英语翻译中华姓氏的第三个特点,在于它的政治性.主要指等级性、封建性和阶级性.最初在姓族内部,按照族系的亲疏和辈分的高低,区别同族的嫡长者和旁系低辈分者.随着生产力的发展、子孙
英语翻译
中华姓氏的第三个特点,在于它的政治性.主要指等级性、封建性和阶级性.最初在姓族内部,按照族系的亲疏和辈分的高低,区别同族的嫡长者和旁系低辈分者.随着生产力的发展、子孙的繁衍,同姓的氏族又分成若干分支散居各地,形成了区别贵贱的氏.大部分氏都带有等级性,分为诸侯级、官族级和邑族级,由此产生了与爵位高低相联系的汉语姓氏.此外,氏别贵贱的作用在周秦时代就已存在,在汉代愈演愈烈,并成为一种政治斗争的工具,最终导致门阀制度的建立和完善.所以,在选官、进爵、结婚、福利等方面均以其姓氏家谱品评高低.另外,姓氏的政治性还表现为皇帝的赐姓.赐姓名义上是奖赏有功之臣,实际上是笼络人心、巩固江山的政治手段.

英语翻译中华姓氏的第三个特点,在于它的政治性.主要指等级性、封建性和阶级性.最初在姓族内部,按照族系的亲疏和辈分的高低,区别同族的嫡长者和旁系低辈分者.随着生产力的发展、子孙
The thrid character of Chinese surnames is its political nature, mainly covering hierarchy, feudality and class nature.
Initially within phyles, the closely related elders of the cognation and the low-generation of collateral branches are distinguished as per degrees of family kinship and seniority in the clan.
With development of productivity and descendants, the cognominal clan broke down into several branches, migrated to various places and formed the clan name which can tell the gentle and simple. Most clan names enjoy a hierarchy nature, ranked by seigneur class, official group class and county class. As a result, Chinese surnames related to title of nobility ouccred.
Moreover, The function of ranking of clan types even existed in Zhou & Qin periods, got developed in Han dynasty, and finally became a tool for political struggles and ended in the foundation and perfection of the system of hereditary aristocracy. As a result, the ranking is eveluated by its surname and genealogy during choosing officer, promotion, marriage, welfares, etc. Addtionally, names granted by the emperor is another sign of the political nature of surnames. The name-granting is to reward the meritorious nominally, while actually it is a political means to cultivate popularity and consolidate the country.
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