怎么用英语来说中国的茶道步骤?

怎么用英语来说中国的茶道步骤?
怎么用英语来说中国的茶道步骤?

怎么用英语来说中国的茶道步骤?
The way of making tea
(1) For Black Tea
Take utensils for brewing tea into consideration, there are two types; brewing by cups and in teapots. Many people like to brew Congon, black Souchong tea, tea bags and instant tea by cups; and other people prefer teapots to cups for tea broken, sifting and dust with a purpose of separating the dregs from the liquid.
Speaking of additive, there are plain tea and tea with additives. Most people in China are accustomed to drink plain tea without any additives. In European and Amercian countries, people like to drink tea with milk and sugar added. Black tea can be prepared as a cool beverage. The usual way is that: pour luke warm water over instant tea to make a strong liquid, then pour the liquid into a glass filled with ice cubes, add honey or sugar to taste and one or two slices of lemon. Then a cup of cool beverage with sweet and acid taste is ready.
（2）For Green Tea
In China, most tea-drinkers drink their green tea in higher quality from glass cups to enjoy the crispy green color while savor the tea. For Mee tea and Gunpowder (Zhu tea) people like using the porcelain cups, the delicate tone of the cups, glaze enhancing the tone of tea.
People living in other countries brew green tea in different ways. In Northwest Africa and Mali etc. People are fond of drinking tea with mint, by boiling tea then add two or three sprigs of fresh mint leaves and sugar and boil them together again. It makes a feature of refreshing and cool taste and keeps off the mental fatigue when savored.
(3)For Oolong Tea
People are particular concerned about the way of making Oolong tea. The utensils used for making tea form in a complete sets named as “four treasures”, namely: Yui shu wei (kettle), Meng chen guan (teapot), Ro shen ou (cups) by pouring boiling water from Yu shu wei (kettle). Then put oolong tea leaves into the teapot about sox or seven tenths full and pour boiling water over the leaves and cover the teapot with its cap tightly. Pour hots water over the capped teapot to retain the heat. Brew for about half a minute then pour the tea liquid into cups usually four cups from each teapot. The tea liquid is poured into each cup only half full, one after another, then pour again until the cups filled about three fourths full. It ensures tea with even and unified flavor. This gives a bracing and lasting aroma while sipping it slowly.
(4)For Scented Tea
Scented tea is processed from green tea scented with fresh sweet-smelling jasmine flowers. Complemented with flowers of subtle scents the tea yields a kind of refined flavor.
Having savored the Chinese jasmine tea, a foreign poet wrote a verse, saying: “I feel the flavor of spring, when I sip the the tea of jasmine.”
Most tea-drinkers like to brew scented tea in porcelain cups with caps on them to keep the aroma from escaping. The way of making is quite simple: just put a tea-spoonful of tea leaves into a cup and pour over it boiling water then cover the cup with its cap for four or five minutes and the tea is ready to serve.
(5)Some special ways of making tea In ancient China tea had been served as soup and vegetables. Nowadays, a number of special methods of making tea have handed down from very ancient times and remained popular in some minority regions.
Roasted tea Minority nationality residing in Pu-er and Menghai in Yunnan Province are found of drinking roasted tea. First, put an empty pottery jar over a fire pool to warm up then put a handful of sun-dried green tea leaves in the jar and roast for a while. The tea leaves turn to brown color after being roasted and send out pleasant smoky smell together with bursting sounds. Then the roasted tea is ready to serve by pouring into cups. Roasted tea is orange in color with pleasant and lasting aroma. It is apt to be addictive when drink it from time to time
Customs in Tea Drinking
Seven “must” in daily living of Chinese people are expressed in a proverb often recited when people talk about their family budget:
“On opening the gate, there are seven matters you encounter:
fagots, rice, oil and salt, also sauce, tea and vinegar.”
Traditional social decorum has it that to every visiting guest a cup of tea should be served. A poem by Du Luei of Tang times shows an aspect of the function of tea:
“Guests coming in, in the cold, cold night I serve cups of hot tea in the place of warm wine”.
How to serve the cup of tea to a visiting friend differs in places. In Jiangsu and Zhejing provinces, a porcelain cup ora glass tumbler is used to brew Longjing, Piluochun, Maojian or just or dinary green tea. Chrysanthemum tea is sometimes used in hot summer season. During the spring festoval holidays, in the well-off families the guests may be entertained with Yuanbao tea (gold-ingot tea) to two fresh olives submerged in the tea to bestow blessings. In the countryside, when people visit relatives, they are usually served with “egg-tea”. In fact it is not tea but a bowl of pouched eggs, so called to show the publicity of the idea of tea.
Hosts in the northern provinces usually entertain their guests with a cup of scented tea, the kind very popular in the North China cities, while in the colder north-eastern provinces, the enthusiastic hosts would provide warm black tea with sugar added to ensure warmth.
In the coastal provinces Guangdong and Fujian, a pot of Oolong tea, congou tea or Pu-er tea is the usual treat. If you go to visit a family in the mountainous Xiushui County, you would be served a cup of “sesame-bean tea” (sesame seeds and baked beans scattered in the liquor which are to be chewed and swallowed on emptying the cup). Iced tea is even common in modern families as most homes are equipped with refrigerators.
Serving tea to guests is a common Practice among the 56 ethnic nationalities in China. But in the border districts different tea is used. In Mongolia, a guest is entertained with yogh art tea. In the Jingpo family, you would be given baked tea(tea in water and baked in an oven to make hot). There still have Leicha, Dayoucha, etc.
On Tea-wares

Tea wares consist of mainly teapots, cups ,tea bowls and trays, etc. Tea wares have been used for a long time in China. The unglazed earthen wares, used in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces for roasting tea to-day, remind us the earliest utensils used in ancient China. Tea drinking became more popular and pubic in the Tang Dynasty. In the palaces and nobles, houses tea wares made of metals were served and for civilians porcelain and earthen wares were commonly used. In the Song Dynasty tea bowls, like an upturned bell, were common. They were glazed in black, dark-brown, grey, grey/white and white colors. Grey/white porcelain tea wares predominated in the Yuan Dynasty and white glazed tea wares became popular in the Ming Dynasty. Teapots made of porcelains and earth clay were very much in vogue during the middle of Ming Dyasty. Gilded multicolored porcelain produced in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province and the bodyless lacquer wares of Fujian Province emerged in the Qing Dynasty. Among various kinds of tea wares, porcelain wares made in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province ranked first and brown earthen wares made in Yixing, Jiangsu Province occupied the top place.
In line with the popular of tea drinking, various kinds of tea wares went on to develop, such as wares made of earthen clay, porcelains, copper, tin, jade, agata, lacquer, glass and ceramic, etc, All of which makes a rich and colorful varieties of tea wares in the history of tea-drinking in China.
Porcelain Tea-wares of Jingdezhen In the early part of the Tang Dynasty white porcelain had been regarded as “Inmitation Jade”. In the Song Dynasty white/grey glazed produced in Jingdezhen predominated the market. Jingdezhen, as a porcelain capital, made its name known to the world by its grey glazed porcelains with flower patterns since the Yuan Dynasty. Tea-wares of this kind were not only highly valued in the domestic market but also exported and well received by foreign countries. In Japan a special name were given to the porcelains – “Pearlite grayish porcelains”.
On the basis of grey porcelain of the Ming Dynasty, the multi-colored porcelains appeared. The products were known of their fine and thin wall and exquisite forms as well as their colorful and vivid drawings. They were also highly valued at home and abroad. Thanks to the porcelains exported, China won its name as “Country of Porcelains” since then.
Production of white glazed porcelain tea-wares was thriving in Jingdezhen in the Qing Dynasty. Two new products-“enamel” and “translucent colors” to be decorated on the glaze of porcelains were innovated and the multi-colored enamel porcelain tea-wares had reached to their perfection for their thin body wall, crystal pure white and classic styles. They were used only in the royal palaces and could hardly be found in the houses of common people at that time.
Tea, either black or green, infused in those rich varieties of tea-wares made in Jingdezhen, not only provides warmth and taste, but also gives tranquility and esthetic satisfaction because of their texture and colors.

Chinese tea culture refers to the methods of preparation of tea, the equipment used to make tea and the occasions in which tea is consumed in China.
Folding the napkin in tea ceremonies is a trad...

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Chinese tea culture refers to the methods of preparation of tea, the equipment used to make tea and the occasions in which tea is consumed in China.
Folding the napkin in tea ceremonies is a traditional action and is done to keep away bad Qi energy in China as tea was regarded as one of the seven daily necessities, the others being firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, and vinegar（柴,米,油,盐,酱,醋,茶）. Tea culture in China differs from that of Europe, Britain or Japan in such things as preparation methods, tasting methods and the occasions for which it is consumed. Even now, in both casual and formal Chinese occasions, tea is consumed regularly. In addition to being a drink, Chinese tea is used in traditional Chinese medicine and in Chinese cuisine.
Plant (茶树/茶树, pinyin: cháshù). However prior to the 8th century BC, the tea was known collectively under the term "荼" (pinyin: tú) along with a great number of other bitter plants. The great similarity of the two characters are notable with the exception of an additional horizontal stroke in 荼. The character is made up of the "艸" (pinyin: cǎo) radical in its reduced form of "艹" and the word "余" which gives the phonetic cue. The plant later more distinctly indentified and was called "檟苦荼" (pinyin: jiǎkǔtú, literally "'evergreen shrub' of bitter 'bitter plant'"), or in simplified forms "苦荼" (pinyin: kǔtú) or "荈" (pinyin: chuǎn).
The word "茗" (pinyin: míng), which was possibly derived from the Burmese word, was later used to indicate tea where its popularity spread and became more common in Ancient China. This word is still used in modern tea communities in Taiwan and China to denote tea. By the end of the 8th century BC, the character "荼", yu was finally simplified to "茶". Táng Lùyǔ (唐陆羽/唐陆羽), wrote in the his crowing work, The tea classic or Chájīng (茶经/茶经), on the origins of the character for tea as well as the numerous words used to denote tea. In the first chapter of Chájīng, "The origins" (卷上, 一之源) he wrote:
“ 其字：或从草，或从木，或草木并。 ”
“ "qí zì : huò cóng cǎo, huò cóng mù, huò cǎo mù bìng." ”
which means: "Its character: may come from herb/grass (茶 chá from 文字音义 Wénzì yīnyì in 736 AD), or from tree/wood (梌 tú from 本草经 Běncǎojīng, an ancient medical text), or the combination of the two (荼 tú from the 尔雅 Ěryǎ, atreatise on lexicography from the Han dynasty)"
“ 其名：一曰茶，二曰檟，三曰蔎，四曰茗，五曰荈。 ”
“ qí míng: yī yuē chá, èr yuē jiǎ, sān yuē shè, sì yuē míng, wǔ yuē chuǎn. ”
which means: "Its names: first it is called 茶 chá, then 檟 jiǎ, thirdly 蔎 shè, fourthly 茗 míng, fifthly 荈 chuǎn." Where:
檟 jiǎ: according to the author Yang Xiong of Han dynasty, the term was used by Zhoūgōng (周公), the duke of Zhou dynasty to indicate the 苦荼 (kǔtú)
蔎 shè: the term by which natives of present day Sìchuān used to indicated 荼 (tú)
茶,蔎,茗,荈 chá, shè, míng and chuǎn: in legends, Guōhóngnóng (郭弘农), specified that first tea harvest is known as chá, followed by míng, then shè, and finally chuǎn
There are several special circumstances in which tea is prepared and consumed.
As a sign of respect: In Chinese society, the younger generation always shows its respect to the older generation by offering a cup of tea. Inviting and paying for their elders to go to restaurants for tea is a traditional activity on holidays. In the past, people of lower rank served tea to higher ranking people. Today, as Chinese society becomes more liberal, sometimes at home parents may pour a cup of tea for their children, or a boss may even pour tea for subordinates at restaurants. The lower ranking person should not expect the higher rank person to serve him or her tea in formal occasions, however.
For a family gathering: When sons and daughters leave home to work and get married, they may seldom visit their parents. As a result, parents may seldom meet their grandchildren. Going to restaurants and drinking tea, therefore, becomes an important activity for family gatherings. Every Sunday, Chinese restaurants are crowded, especially when people celebrate festivals. This phenomenon reflects Chinese family values.
To apologize: In Chinese culture, people make serious apologies to others by pouring them tea. That is a sign of regret and submission.
To express thanks to your elders on one's wedding day: In the traditional Chinese marriage ceremony, both the bride and groom kneel in front of their parents and serve them tea. That is a way to express their gratitude. In front of their parents, it is a practice for the married couple to say, "Thanks for bringing us up. Now we are getting married. We owe it all to you." The parents will usually drink a small portion of the tea and then give them a red envelope, which symbolizes good luck.
To connect large families on wedding days: The tea ceremony during weddings also serves as a means for both parties in the wedding to meet with members of the other family. As Chinese families can be rather extended, it is entirely possible during a courtship to not have been introduced to someone. This was particularly true in older generations where the patriarch may have had more than one wife and not all family members were always on good terms. As such, during the tea ceremony, the couple would serve tea to all family members and call them by their official title. Drinking the tea symbolized acceptance into the family. Refusal to drink would symbolize opposition to the wedding and is quite unheard of since it would result in a loss of "face". Older relations so introduced would give a red envelope to the matrimonial couple while the couple would be expected to give a red envelope to younger, unmarried relations.
To pass on the tradition: Kungfu cha is drunk in Chaoshan because it is part of the Chaoshan culture. They have a term for it and cannot be translated to another Chinese language. In Chaoshan hua [using Guangdong PinYin for Chaoshan hua], it is Ain7goin1 Bhung7Huê3 闲间文化[闲间文化]. It is when friends and family get together in a room to drink Kungfu cha and chat. During such occasions, tradition and culture are passed on to the younger generation.
After a person's cup is filled, that person may knock their bent index and middle fingers (or some similar variety of finger tapping) on the table to express gratitude to the person who served the tea. Although this custom is common in southern Chinese culture such as the Cantonese, it is generally not recognised nor practiced in other parts of China
This custom is said to have originated in the Qing Dynasty when Emperor Qian Long would travel in disguise through the empire. Servants were told not to reveal their master's identity. One day in a restaurant, the emperor, after pouring himself a cup of tea, filled a servant's cup as well. To that servant it was a huge honour to have the emperor pour him a cup of tea. Out of reflex he wanted to kneel and express his thanks. He could not kneel and kowtow to the emperor since that would reveal the emperor's identity so he bent his fingers on the table to express his gratitude and respect to the emperor.
作为开门七件事（柴米油盐酱醋茶）之一，饮茶在古代中国是非常普遍的。中国的茶文化与欧美或日本的茶文化的分别很大。中华茶文化、源远流长，博大精深，不但包含物质文化层面，还包含深厚的精神文明层次。唐代茶圣陆羽的茶经在历史上吹响了中华茶文化的号角。从此茶的精神渗透了宫廷和社会，深入中国的诗词、绘画、书法、宗教、医学。几千年来中国不但积累了大量关于茶叶种植、生产的物质文化、更积累了丰富的有关茶的精神文化，这就是中国特有的茶文化，属于文化学范畴。
中国茶文化的内容主要是茶在中国精神文化中的体现，这比“茶风俗”、“茶道”的范畴深广的多，也是中国茶文化之所以与欧美或日本的茶文化的分别很大的原因。
中国茶文化的内容包括：
中国的茶书
中国各地区(包括少数民族)的茶俗
茶在中国文学艺术中的体现。
茶具艺术
名茶典故
不包括茶叶种植、科技等。
中国学者近年来在中国茶文化的研究上有不少成绩，《中国茶文化丛书》1-8册，二千余页内容丰富，是近年可喜的成果。
自古以来，种茶、制茶、泡茶、品茶均被认为需要高度技艺。当代，由中国人开始，将有关的技艺称为茶艺。同时，历朝历代也涌现出大量与茶有关的各种艺术作品。
茶之为物,产自崇高的山,吸收天地的灵气,还必须配上清洁的流泉。所谓仁者爱山，智者爱水；古人的一杯茶包含中国文人、哲人深爱的天、地、山、水，仁、智。
茶诗 中国关于茶的文学作品汗牛充栋，仅古诗词一项，总数在2000首以上.
现在能看到最早的关于茶的文学作品是杜育的《荈赋》。
唐代著名诗人白居易的2800部诗歌作品中，与茶有关的有60首。而他本人也是品茶行家，一天到晚茶不离口。
唐代诗人卢仝所作《走笔谢孟谏议寄新茶》脍炙人口，历久不衰
“一碗喉吻润，二碗破孤闷。三碗搜枯肠，惟有文字五千卷。四碗发轻汗，平生不平事，尽向毛孔散。五碗肌骨清，六碗通仙灵。 七碗吃不得也，唯觉两腋习习清风生。”
北宋范仲淹作《斗茶歌》描绘了茶文化在当时的盛行。
北宋·苏轼《汲江煎茶》描写诗人在月明之夜亲自用大瓢汲取活江水烹茶的情景：
“活水还须活水烹，自临钓石汲深清；大瓢贮月归春瓮，小杓分江入夜瓶。
雪乳已翻煎处脚，松风忽作泻时声；枯肠未易禁三椀，卧听山城长短更。”
当一个人的茶杯倒满以后，他可以弯曲手指轻敲桌面来表达他对斟茶者的感谢。
这个习俗起源于清朝，大概三四百年前。那时，乾隆皇帝经常微服私访，巡游各地，要求随从不能揭示他皇上的身份。
有天在一家旅店，皇上为自己倒了杯茶之后，又给他的随从斟了一杯。这对随从来讲可是极大的恩宠。出于条件反射，随从马上想磕头谢恩。但是，这样一来就会泄漏皇帝的身份，所以他就弯了弯手指表示对皇上的感谢与尊敬。
今天，这种敲打的致谢方式仍然存在于中国以及受中华文化影响的地区。

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