英语翻译This investigation into cognition and conceptualisation of landscape is based on the lexical inventory of Thimbukushu.Carried out on the basis of semantic methods,the analysis of landscape terminology will make apparent how the Hambukushu

英语翻译This investigation into cognition and conceptualisation of landscape is based on the lexical inventory of Thimbukushu.Carried out on the basis of semantic methods,the analysis of landscape terminology will make apparent how the Hambukushu
英语翻译
This investigation into cognition and conceptualisation of landscape is based on the lexical inventory of Thimbukushu.Carried out on the basis of semantic methods,the analysis of landscape terminology will make apparent how the Hambukushu conceive their habitat.At the same time,this research provides data to give further evidence regarding the history of the Hambukushu.Each society designs a culture-specific mental arrangement of the natural environment by ignoring or emphasising particular attributes of elements of landscape.Due to the necessity of communicating about everyday needs a society lexicalises those entities that are mostsignificant and most salient.This culture-specific mental arrangement of landscape is considered objective.From an intercultural point of view,however,it is not readily comprehensible.To achieve intercultural comprehensibility it is necessary to be aware of the differences between concepts in languages.In order to find access to the linguistic and cognitive world of the Hambukushu,describing concepts is an important approach.Although this research is based on synchronic data,an interpretation provides as well diachronic results in order to draw conclusions on historical processes.The Hambukushu live in an arid area.They had and still have to adapt to a changing environment both linguistically and culturally.Being a flexible system,language adapts to changes.Thus degradation,modified settlements,modern traffic networks,etc.are reflected in Thimbukushu.From ahistorical point of view it is necessary to investigate which entities of the natural environmentthe Hambukushu encoded and what this reveals about their history.A lexeme referring to an entity that originates from another environment might reveal the place of origin,migration and thus migratory routes.Although oral traditions of the Hambukushu provide hints regarding the place origin verification requires further investigation.The empirical approach is based on the following categories of linguistic material:the survey of terms in regard to landscape,the listing of place names on the basis of cartographic material and the examination of landmark orientation.An analysis of landscape terminology shall reveal mantel and lexical construction of the natural environment.Place naming and landmark orientation is highly culture specific.Types and elements of landscape areemployed for naming and orientation as they function as reference points.Therefore,theanalysis of place names and landmark orientation is useful to make apparent what the Hambukushu consider culturally and/or geographically significant.A meta-language with semantic primitives that are not culturally biased might be establishedby contrasting landscape terminology with the nomenclature of modern physical geography.
用翻译软件和在线翻译的就别来了.那个我也会用.

英语翻译This investigation into cognition and conceptualisation of landscape is based on the lexical inventory of Thimbukushu.Carried out on the basis of semantic methods,the analysis of landscape terminology will make apparent how the Hambukushu
这对风景的认知和概念化进行调查根据Thimbukushu 词汇存货.执行根据语义方法,对风景术语的分析将使明显怎么Hambukushu 设想他们的栖所.同时,这研究提供数据对授予进一步证据关于Hambukushu 的历史.各个社会设计自然环境的一个文化具体精神安排由忽略或强调风景的元素特殊属性.由于通信关于每天需要社会lexicalises 必要mostsignificant 和最明显的那些个体.风景的这个文化具体精神安排被认为客观.从一个文化间的观点,然而,它不是欣然可理解的.达到文化间的可理解性它是必要意识到区别在概念之间在语言.为了发现对Hambukushu 的语言和认知世界的通入,描述概念是一种重要方法.虽然这研究根据synchronic 数据,解释提供语言历史的结果为了得出关于历史过程的结论.Hambukushu 活在一个干旱的区域.他们有和必须语言和文化上仍然适应变化的环境.是一个灵活的系统,语言适应变动.因而退化、修改过的解决、现代交通网络,等被反射在Thimbukushu .从ahistorical 观点它是必要调查自然environmentthe Hambukushu 个体输入并且什么这显露关于他们的历史.词素提到起源于其它环境的个体也许显露原产地、迁移和因而迁移路线.虽然Hambukushu 的口头传统提供提示关于地方起源证明要求进一步调查.经验主义的方法根据语言材料以下类别:期限勘测关于风景,地名目录根据制图材料和地标取向的考试.对风景术语的分析将显露壁炉台和自然环境的词汇建筑.地方命名和地标取向高度是文化具体.风景的类型和元素areemployed 命名和接受简单指示如同他们功能作为参考点.所以,地名和地标取向theanalysis 是有用使明显什么Hambukushu 认为文化上并且/或者地理上重大.元语言以不是文化上偏心的威力的语义原始是establishedby 对比的风景术语以现代自然地理命名原则.