adj.提前在句首,句中主谓要引起倒装吗?

adj.提前在句首,句中主谓要引起倒装吗?
adj.提前在句首,句中主谓要引起倒装吗?

adj.提前在句首,句中主谓要引起倒装吗?
当句子没有宾语,且主语偏长时,往往将句中作状语的介词短语或作表语的形容词
短语或作表语的分词短语提至句首,引起主谓的全部倒装
如：In the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that she
had cast.
Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the government,which she had blamed for all the social injustices.
Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early twenties.

要

一、倒装概论
为了表达上的需要，有时特意颠倒句子成分或分句的一般次序，把句子的一般次序变为特殊次序的修辞手法，叫做倒装。运用倒装手法，可以加强语势，调和音节，错综句法。
倒装可分为多种情形。
1.主谓倒置
2.定语后置
3.状语后置
4.称呼移后
5.偏正互换
二、汉语当中的倒装
1.定义：有意颠倒文句在文法或逻辑上的次序，叫...

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一、倒装概论
为了表达上的需要，有时特意颠倒句子成分或分句的一般次序，把句子的一般次序变为特殊次序的修辞手法，叫做倒装。运用倒装手法，可以加强语势，调和音节，错综句法。
倒装可分为多种情形。
1.主谓倒置
2.定语后置
3.状语后置
4.称呼移后
5.偏正互换
二、汉语当中的倒装
1.定义：有意颠倒文句在文法或逻辑上的次序，叫做倒装。
2.作用：倒装运用得当，可以使平板的言词变得生动，增加情趣。
例子(1)：沉默是今晚的康桥。 《再别康桥》徐志摩
(今晚的康桥是沉默的。)
例子(2)：香稻啄馀鹦鹉粒，碧梧栖老凤凰枝。《秋兴八首》杜甫
( 鹦鹉啄馀香稻粒，凤凰栖老碧梧枝。)
例子(3)：甚矣，汝之不惠！《列子．愚公移山》
(汝之不惠甚矣！)
例子(4)：古木鸣寒鸟，空山啼夜猿。 《述怀》魏徵
(古木寒鸟鸣，空山夜猿啼。)
三、英语中的倒装
1 倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是完全倒装 完全倒装是表示地点（方位）的adv或者介词短语在句首引起的。结构为“地点+谓语+主语+其他成分”.常见的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是代词则不能完全倒装。
区别： Here comes the bus.
Here it comes.
Here he comes. Away they went.
2 倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, 及no-构成的词和词组（not until,in no way, on no account等短语），需要注意隐性否定词seldom,few,little,hardly,scarcely等在句首要部分倒装。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
Hardly/Scarcely had he arrived when/before his wife bagan to complaint.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
【典型例题】
1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答 案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
3 以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than(注意此处的时态问题: Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than中,Hardly/Scarcely加过去完成时,when后用过去时.No sooner后用过去完成时,than后用过去时)
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
【典型例题】
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语且做主语时，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
4 so, neither, nor表示前文情况也适合于后者时，部分倒装。
表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
【典型例题】
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思"也不关心"，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。
注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
5 only在句首修饰状语（或者状语从句）要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
注意： 修饰主语不倒装。
Only what the manager said is reasonable.
6 as, though 引导的倒装句
as 引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。though引导让步从句也可以提前，可以不提前。
注意：
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to d o the work satisfactorily.
注意:
让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。理由：两个句子只需要一连接词，though和but都是连接词，多余。 yet是adv可以和连接词一起连用。
7 其他倒装情形：
（1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
（2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
（3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.
注意：此种情况，只把were, had, should提前，否定词not不能提前。
If it were not for the expense, I would go to Italy.
省略if后，变为：Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy.
【典型例题】：
1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize
答案为B。
3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
解析：答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。
（4）表示强调，引起的倒装。
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.
Happy is he who devotes himself to the cause of communism.
Great have been our achievements since 1978.
Involved the problem are some teaching methods.
Written on the label is the model of the machine.
A very reliable person he is.
Very important in our lives is reading.
形容词提前引起倒装是有条件的，只有当句子没有宾语，且主语偏长时，往往将句中作状语的介词短语或作表语的形容词
短语或作表语的分词短语提至句首，引起主谓的全部倒装
例如She is beautiful. 并不能倒装成Beautiful is she.

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