29 ___ (catch) the last bus,he had to go home by taxi.为什么用NOT having caught 不用Not have caught.

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29 ___ (catch) the last bus,he had to go home by taxi.为什么用NOT having caught 不用Not have caught.
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29 ___ (catch) the last bus,he had to go home by taxi.为什么用NOT having caught 不用Not have caught.
29 ___ (catch) the last bus,he had to go home by taxi.为什么用NOT having caught 不用Not have caught.

29 ___ (catch) the last bus,he had to go home by taxi.为什么用NOT having caught 不用Not have caught.
NOT having caught 是完成时的分词形式.
NOT having caught the last bus是从句所以不能独自成句,也就不能用Not have caught,只能用他的分词形式NOT having caught .

Hadn't caught

原因状语从句 只有ing form 才可以充当

时态
过去进行时的嘛
那个时间没赶上公交车,过去在进行的,
他必须坐出租车,过去发生的。

not having caught 是现在分词的完成式,作原因状语,表示其动作发生在位于动词之前。相当于Since he hadn't caught the last bus, he had to go home by taxi.

此处have caught....不是谓语,而是状语。
对于初学者,弄清楚动词是否作谓语,再决定其动词形式很重要!