英语作文标点

篇一：英文写作标点符号

摘 要】根据中英文标点符号本身的差异以及运用规则上的不同,对英文写作中常见的又容易被忽视的几种标点符号的运用规则,尤其是逗号、分号和冒号进行分析和探讨,并结合例句说明标点符号的重要性和正确表达方式,以提高英文写作的质量。

【关键词】英文写作 标点符号 运用规则

【Abstract】According to the differences between punctuation marks in English and those in Chinese as well as differences when they are actually used, the article mainly discusses in detail the proper use of some common punctuation marks easily ignored in English writing, especially comma, semicolon and colon. And examples are given to show that punctuation marks are important and erroneous expressions should be avoided. So as to try our best to perfect the English writing.

【Key words】English writing Punctuation Rules of applying

英文写作作为一种重要的交流手段,使用日益频繁。现在很多情况下都离不开英文写作,如学术著作、论文等,国内很多中文期刊也要求写英文摘要。但是许多作者经常混淆了中文与英文标点符号的运用规则,常常出错。中文与英文标点符号虽然有很多相同之处,但是仍存在很多差异。本文针对英文写作中常见的却往往又被大家所忽视的一些标点符号的运用规则进行说明。

一、中英文基本符号比较

英文中到底有多少种标点符号,目前国内众说纷纭,有的说13种(毛荣贵,1999),有的说16种(《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(第四版)),有的说20种(薄冰,2000)。不管它究竟有多少种,总之,“标点符号是书面语中不可缺少的部分,用来表示停顿、语气以及词语的性质和作用”(《标点符号用法》,国家语言文字工作委员会,1990)。基于此,本文先对中文与英文的基本标点符号做一个简单比较,以说明二者的异同。

英文主要标点符号有以下14种左右(张道真,1999):apostrophe撇号(’),colon冒号

(:),comma逗号(,),dash破折号(—),dots省略号(?),exclamation mark感叹号(!),full stop/period句号(.),hyphen 连字号(-),italics/underlining斜体/下划

线,parentheses/brackets括号(( ) [ ] { } ),question mark问号(?),quotation marks 引号(‘ ’ “ “),semicolon分号(;),slash斜线号(/)。

中文主要标点符号有16种左右(雷智勇,1998):点号7种:逗号、顿号、分号、冒号、句号、问号、感叹号;标号有9种:引号、括号、破折号、省略号、间隔号、单书名号、双书名号、着重号和连接号。

对比《标点符号用法》(国家语言文字工作委员会,1990)和文献,[1,2]我们会发现中英文标点符号的一些异同点。有些标点符号它们从形式到功能,中文和英文都相似,如句号、问号、感叹号、冒号、分号、引号、圆括号;有些却有所差异。例如:省略号、破折号、连接号、间隔号等,中文和英文的书写格式有差别;顿号、书名号等,仅中文所特有;撇号、斜线号等,为英文所特有;而逗号、方括号等,中文和英文的用法有较大的差异。限于篇幅,本文就英文写作中常常出错而又容易被大家所忽视的五个标点符号,具体谈谈其运用规则。

二、英文中没有而常被错用的符号

1.顿号(、)

英语里没有顿号,表示并列的词语或结构时英语用逗号。例如:

John, James, and Harry have come.

2.书名号(《》)

英文没有书名号,表示书籍、报刊、戏剧、电影、绘画作品等的名称或学术性质的英文文献的标注通常采用字头大写的斜体、下划线、引号(双引号或单引号)、黑体或者在黑体基础上加下划线,也可以全部用大写字母。例如:

While she is reading Gone with the Wind, I am cooking.(斜体)或Gone with the Wind(下划线),或“Gone with the Wind”(引号),或Gone with the Wind(黑体),或Gone with the Wind(黑体加下划线),或GONE WITH THE WIND(全部大写)

通常我们倾向于在表示书、报刊、电影、长诗、戏剧的名称时用斜体或下划线,而在表示报刊中文章、书中章节、短诗歌、歌曲及绘画作品的名称时用引号。

三、英文中常与中文混淆的符号

1. 逗号(Comma)“,”

逗号表示一句话中间相对较短的停顿,无论是在汉语还是在英语里它都是使用频率较高的符号。由于英语语法结构规则的特点,逗号在用法上与汉语存在一些差异。具体如下:

(1)用于并列分句的连接词(and, but, or, for, so, nor, or yet)前。例如:

I have explained this work to Richard, but he still doesn’t understand it.

(2)用于句子中的并列成分间,例如并列成分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语等。例如:

TV stations provide people with news, music, drama, sports and comedy.

注:在汉语里,若并列成分为主语、宾语、定语时,一般要用顿号(英语中无顿号);若并列成分为谓语、状语时,则多用逗号,也可不用标点。

(3)用于将非限定从句或各类短语、独立成分、同位语等与其它成分分开。例如:

This is Miss. Chen, the new director of our company.

(4)当状语从句放在句首或句中时用逗号。例如:

When he can not use his eyes to guide his steps, he will walk straight only if he takes a step of the same length with each foot.

The speaker, after glancing at his note, began to speak.

注:状语分句在句首时常用逗号与主句分开,在句尾时则可以不用。上例中“When?”分句后使用了逗号,而“if?”分句前则没有用。但是,如果放在主句后的状语分句与主句的关系不太紧凑,就可以使用逗号把它和主句分开。[1]例如:

He decided that he will make his children’s decisions for them, because they are not mature enough to make their own.

(5)当引出直接引语时,英语在引号前(或后)用逗号(汉语用冒号)。

“My car’s parked out side,”he told her.

It reads, “Wet Paint.”

(6)英语标示日期和地址时也常用到逗号(汉语一般不用)。

On Sunday, April 12th, 2001. 2001年4月12日星期六。

502 North olive Avenue, West Palm Beach, Florida 33402, U.S.A. 美国佛罗里达州(33402)西帕昔海滩北橄榄树大街502号。

(7)在英文书信里,开头称呼语和结尾敬语后常用逗号也可用冒号,而汉语一般用冒号。例如: Dear Professor,

Yours sincerely,

Helen,

2.分号(semicolon)“;”

分号的作用介于句号和逗号之间,即用分号隔开的两部分之间的关系比用句号分开的紧密,但不及用逗号分开的紧密。其用法是:

号我们既要看到它与中文标点符号的相同之处,更要留意它们的差异所在,切忌在英文写作中盲目地生搬硬套中文的标点符号,不顾二者的差异和使用习惯上的不一致。只有认真遵守英文中标点符号的运用规则,才能做到正确运用英文中的标点符号。

参考文献

1 赵国梅.封闭式英文标点的句法意义及使用[J].解放军外语学院学报,1998.21(3):40 2 阮 继.中英文标点符号的使用比较[J].中山大学学报论丛,2002.22(2):294

3. Martin W D. Practical English handbook[M]. Houghton: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1974:235～236、238

4 毛荣贵.英语写作漫谈[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1999:107

5 薄 冰.英语语法[M].北京:开明出版社,2000:601～602

6 张道真.实用英语语法[M].北京:外语教育与研究出版社,1999:128

7 雷智勇.最新标点知识及运用[M].北京:北京语言文化大学出版社,1998:8～9

11考研英语写作必知的三个注意事项

(2011-01-14 14:26:51)

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标签： 分类： 考研

2011考研

英语

写作

注意事项

新东方

教育

2011年考研临考在即，考研英语写作三个注意事项，减少失分。

一，考研词汇

考研英语写作讲究用词准确而且正式。同时，英语的词汇非常丰富，一个词语通常都有许多同义词和近义词。考生如果平时注意积累并加以练习，就能够熟练在考试中运用。下面我们举一些英语词汇变化的例子。

help out->assist; set up to->establish; go up->increase;

cut down->reduce; find out->determine; look into->investigate;

bring up->raise; come up with->create; go up and down->fluctuate

good->considerable; get->obtain; a lot of->numerous;

things that will happen->consequences

二，考研语法

英文写作非常讲究语法，尤其是考研作文作为正式文体，需要注意以下几点小细节：

1、尽量少用缩写形式。如don't, can't, won't写做do not, cannot, will not等。

2、用更加正式的否定形式。如not… any写做no, not… much 写做 little, not many 写做few等。

例如：He did not say any words.

He said no words

There are not many chances available.

There are few chances available.

3、尽量少用"etc.", "and so on"等表达方式。

例如：Activities include dancing, singing, etc.

篇二：英语写作如何正确使用标点符号

英语写作如何正确使用标点符号

英语句子结构严谨，标点符号的使用直接影响到句子意思的表达。英语中经常使用的标点符号有逗号、句号、冒号、问号和感叹号。下面是一些常用标点符号的基本用法。

1.逗号(，)

逗号表示句子内容的一般性停顿。但有时由于句子结构的需要即使在没有停顿的地方也要用逗号。

①在并列句中，连词(and, but, or, for, so, nor, yet)的前面常用逗号。

He asked the question in a loud voice, but no one answered.

We were tired, so we decided to have a rest.

Come early，or you'll miss the show.

She couldn't go to the airport to meet him, nor could she send anyone instead.It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.

He is an eccentric(古怪的) boy, yet you can't help liking him.

②状语从句或短语(包括介词短语和分词短语)放在句子的主语前，或放在句子中间时，后面应用逗号。

When the bell rang, the teacher dismissed the class.

In the ancient palace, they saw the throne where emperors used to sit.Born and brought up in the South, she is not used to eating wheat.

To see the importance of this railway，one has to look at a map.

主句在前，状语成分在后时，往往省去逗号。

You'll be unable to finish the work in time if you don't start at once.

He found the document in one of the drawers of his desk.

I was trying to reach her by phone when she walked into my office.

连词前的逗号，如省去不会造成误解，也可以省略。

③一系列起同样作用的词或短语要用逗号分开。

She bought bread, sugar, vegetables, and many other things from this supermarket.

④非限制性定语从句或短语与句子的主要部分之间要用逗号隔开。

He had to leave his hometown, where he had lived ever since he was born. Wang Ling, who is the best singer of the class, will teach us to sing a song. 限制性定语从句或短语则不用逗号与句子的主要部分分开。

This is the house where the famous poet was born.

⑤插入语的前后用逗号分开。

The captain, in fact, has done very little work.

Your work, I'm sorry to say, is not satisfactory.

⑥逗号还经常用于下列例句所显示的地方。

Yes，I think so.

No，I don't think so.

“The Summer Palace is like a fairyland，” he said.

She is a new secretary, isn't she?

注意：

英文中不用顿号(、)，中文用顿号处，英文可用逗号。

不要用逗号连接两个并列分句；应用逗号加连词或用分号。

分清逗号和句号；逗号带个小尾巴(，)；（www.fwsir.com）句号是个黑圆点(.)，但不是圆圈(。)

写日期时，如次序是月__日__年，则在日和年之间加逗号；若次序是日__月__年，则不加逗号。

She was born on August 11,2002.

She was born on 11 August 2002.

千以上的数字可用逗号按千数把数字分开，也就是从右往左每三个数字加一个逗号。 608,241,736,500,000

(2)句号(.)

结构完整的句子，不论长短，后面都用句号。

①句号用在陈述句、语气舒缓的祈使句和间接引语问句之后：

Tomorrow is your birthday.

Come here early tomorrow.

He asked me when the party would begin.

句号表示句子末尾的停顿。如果继续往下写的话，下一句开头单词的首字母就该大写了，因为那是又一句的开始。

②省略词后一般加句号：

Mr., Mrs., Ms., Dr., U．S.A., a．m., p．m.，

U．K. ，N.Y. ，B.C. ，I.Q. ，B.A.。

(3)问号(？)

①问号用在直接问句之后，在改为间接引语的问句后不用问号。

What happened yesterday?

When will he leave for Shanghai?

Have you finished your homework?

“What's your name？” he asked.

He asked me whether he could use my bike.

②陈述句和祈使句被用作问句时，句末用问号。

Ten yuan is enough?

You were late this morning?

Pay ten yuan?

(4)感叹号(！)

①感叹号用于感叹句中以及抒发某种强烈感情的感叹词或短语之后。

What fine weather!

What a clever boy!

“Get out！” he cried.

How can you believe his words!

感叹句宜少用，语气舒缓、不强烈的感叹句之后，不妨用逗号或句号。

“What a nice day，” she said.

②有时在表示愿望的句子之后可用感叹号。

May you be happy!

Wish you good luck!

(5)引号(“”)

直接引语应放在两个引号之间，不论是对话还是引文都应如此。说话人和表示“说”的动词可放在引语前面、后面或中间。

“Don't be late tomorrow，” she said.

“What's your trouble？” he asked.

注意：

引语中的引语使用单引号：

“What do you mean by ‘evolutionary mechanism’？” a

篇三：英语文章中标点符号的运用

Punctuation

Punctuation helps to clarify and sometimes emphasize the meaning of a sentence. It is necessary to learn to use all the puncruation marks correctly.标点符号有助于明确或强调句子的意思，因而有必要学会各种标点符号的使用方法。

IThe Comma逗号 （，）

逗号表示句子内部的一般性停顿。假如你说下面这句话：

When he came, I was busy cleaning my room. 你说完came后稍停了一下，那也就是说把这个句子写出来时该打一个逗号的地方。但有时由于句子的结构需要也用逗号，即使在没有停顿的地方也一样。

A complete sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a period. This simple rule is important for Chinese to remember, for in Chinese writing comma may be used to separate complete sentences. The use of a comma in place of a period, a semi colon, a colon, or a dash in English writing is called the comma fault.

Faulty:

It was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.

Improved:

It was raining hard; they could not work in the fields.

It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields.

It was raining so hard that they couldn?t work in the fields.

They couldn?t work in the fields because it was raining hard. It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields.

As it was raining hard, they could not work in the fields.

Of course, it is easy to see that the improved sentences lay stress in different points. Which one is preferable depends on the context and the writer?s

intention.

在并列句中，连词（and, but , or , for , so , nor , yet）的前面用逗号：

He asked the question in a loud voice, but no one answered.

We were tired, and we decided to have a rest.

Come early, or you? ll miss the show.

She couldn?t go to the airport to meet him, nor could she send anyone in her stead.

It must have rained last night ,for the ground is wet.

He is an eccentric boy, yet you can?t help liking him.

如果两个或三个并列从句都很简短，意思又紧密相连，它们之间可不用连词而用逗号：

A memoir is history, it is based on evidence.

- E. M. forster

逗号的这种用法是特殊情况，有时可在文学作品中见到。

状语从句或短语（包括介词短语和分词短语）如放在句子的主语前面，或放在句子中间时，后面应用逗号：

When the bell rang, the teacher dismissed the class.

In the ancient palace, they saw the throne where emperors used to sit .

To see the importance of this railway , one has to look at a map,

Born and brought up in the South, she is not used to eating wheat.

The audience, interested in the topic, asked the speaker many questions.

如主语前的状语成分很短，其后可不加逗号，当然也要考虑避免造成误解：

On hearing the big noise I knew something

terrible had happened,

In one corner of the room they found the injured cat.

主要从句在前，状语成分在后时，一般省去逗号：I was trying to reach her by phone when she walked 410 into my office.

You?ll be unable to finish the work in time if you don?t start at once.

一系列起同样作用的词语或短语要用逗号分开：

The little girl likes to sing, to dance, and to act .

She buys bread, butter, vegetables, and many other things from this supermarket.

连词前的那个逗号，如省去不会造成误解，则可以省略。

非限定性从句或短语和句子的主要部分之间要逗号隔开：

Wang Ling, who is the best singer of the class, will teach us to sing the song .

He had to leave his hometown , where he had lived