高考说明文作文

篇一：高考作文之结构--说明文

高考作文之结构--说明文

说明文是英语常见的一种文体，也是高考书面表达一种常考文体。它以简明的文字介绍事物的形状、性质、构造、变化、功用、特征、科学原理、性能等的文章。 在高考中，说明文的主要命题形式为图表式作文，有时也以图画式和提纲式作文来呈现写作材料。

说明文体的写作要点

1. 语言准确无误，简明扼要。

2. 抓住说明对象的基本特征。

3. 遵循一定顺序，使文章条理清晰，层次分明，中心突出。

空间顺序：按照空间位置的顺序进行说明。

逻辑顺序：按照人们认识事物的规律来进行说明。

时间顺序：按事物发生、发展的先后顺序进行说明。

4. 运用恰当的方法进行说明。

定义法：旨在让不知道该说明对象的人对此物有一个起码的了解，以利于下文的展开。

举例说明法：举出具有代表性的例子，使段落变得有血有肉，丰富起来。 比较法：为了突出事物鲜明的特点，我们常把它与其他事物进行比较。

细节描述法：介绍一种事物应提供一些细节，使被描述的对象更加形象具体，从而加深读者印象。

5. 在讲究语言平实准确的前提下，可以适当运用描写的方法，并使用一些比喻、拟人等修辞手段。

6. 文章的时态通常是一般现在时，用于强调客观事实，被动语态也比较常见。 高考说明文的篇章结构

开头the beginning——对要说明的事物或事情简要介绍。

主体the main body——按照题目提供的信息分层次，按一定顺序进行说明。 结尾the ending——一两句收尾的句子，表示说明到此为止。

范例一

2009江苏

Relying too much on mouse clicking makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.

范例二

2006全国卷I、II

假定你是李华。应英国朋友Bob的要求，写一封短信介绍你校图书馆的基本情况。内容须包括下面两幅图中的相关信息。

注：1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增减细节，以使行文连贯;

3.开头语已为你写好。

June 8

Dear Bob,

Thank you for your last letter asking about our library.

One possible version:

June 8

Dear Bob,

Thank you for your last letter asking about our library.

Our library is in the center of the school. There is a beautiful garden in front of it and our classroom building is right behind it. The library is big. When you get inside, you will see many shelves full of books on different subjects. There are also lots of

newspapers and magazines. We borrow books and do some reading in the library.

According to the rule, every student can borrow up to 5 books each time and keep them for 10 days. It is open from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. from Monday to Friday and clo

weekends.

We all like our library very much.

Best wishes,

Li Hua

附录Ⅰ--开头

1. 开门见山，揭示主题

文章一开头，就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”《我怎样度假》的开头可以写成：

I Spent my last vacation happily．

2. 交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头

在文章的开头，先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如“A Trip to Jinshan” 《去金山旅游》的开头可以写成：

The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.

3. 回忆性的开头

用回忆的方法来开头。例如“A Trip to the Taishan Mountain”《泰山游》的开头是： I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday.

4. 概括性的开头

即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”《读书的快乐》的开头：

People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.

5. 介绍环境式的开头

即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“An Accident”《一场事故》的开头可以写成:

It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner.

6. 交待写作目的的开头

在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要表扬谁，批评谁，或说明一个什么问题等。如“Pollution Control”《控制污染》的开头：

In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.

附录Ⅱ—结尾

文章结尾的作用是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意义表达得更加深刻。文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的，常见的有以下几种：

1. 首尾呼应，画龙点睛

在文章的结尾，把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。如“I Cannot Forget Her”《我忘不了她》的结尾：

After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away，but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people.

2. 重复主题句

结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到强调的效果。如“I Love My Hometown”《我爱家乡》的结尾：

I love my home town，and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland.

3. 自然结尾

随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”《钓鱼》的结尾：

I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours，but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing，we lay down on the river bank，bathing in the sun. We returned home very late.

4. 含蓄性的结尾

用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法，而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”《收割的日子》的结尾：

Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat，but on every face there was a smile.

5. 用反问结尾

篇二：2014高考英语作文写作专项训练之说明文

2014高考英语作文写作专项训练之说明文 （基于2013全国各地高考试题的分析整理）

一、 文体题型概述 （一）统计分析

说明文是今年来高考英语书面表达比较常见的一种体裁，其特点是对事物或做事情的方法进行客观地介绍。有些书面表达题虽是以应用文的形式出现的，但其主要内容也属于说明文。以下是2013年高考说明文的分类统计：

分析上表可以看出，去年高考英语说明文以图画或者文字形式出现，并且常与其他文体

整合考察。要求学生能够按照一定的说明顺序对一定事物或事理进行介绍和说明，以达到实际应用和交际的目的。 （二）技巧策略

写说明文宜采用三段式：第一段主要介绍要说明的对象及说明的目的；第二段说明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步骤；第三段进行总结概括。时态通常用一般现在时。

写作时应遵循以下几个步骤：

1、仔细审题，明确说明对象，抓住要说明的事物或事理的主要特征。

2、选择合理的说明顺序（时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序）分层次进行说明，注意条理清晰。

3、选择恰当的说明方法，比如定义法、举例法、比较法和细节描述法等，不要遗漏主要内容。

4、根据说明顺序及内容确定过渡词和恰当的句型结构。文字应客观、简洁、明了，不要追求华丽和加入太多个人观点。 5、图标类作文注意：

（1）图表和数据内容不一定要全部描述。 （2）善于抓住总的规律，趋势，归纳增减率。

（3）时态：特定时间用过去时。经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般现在时。 （4）要适当运用一些高级词汇并灵活使用图表类写作常用的经典好句型。 （三）常用表达 1、过渡词

表顺序：first, second, third, in the first place, above all, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, besides, what’s more, in addition, furthermore, moreover, another, also, especially, in particular 表时间：first, then, next, after that, next, finally now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,

表示解释说明：for example, for instance, in this case, such as…, take… for example，in fact, actually

表顺序：first, then, next, finally, in the first place, last but not least, above all, first and foremost,

表递进：in addition，besides，fruthermore，what’s more，on the other hand，meanwhile，for one thing…for another, on top of that, apart from that, 表举例：for example，for instance，such as，a typical （striking） example is that，a case in point 表目的: for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,

表总结：in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, as we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion, 2、常用句型：

1) Nowadays it is common to use…, but not knowing how to use…keeps many people away

from enjoying the wonderful service that …has brought us.

2) As is known to all, it is important to …. Therefore, an increasing number of people are

showing more interest in how to …

3) With the development of …, there is an increasing need for people to know how to … 4) There are several steps to follow./ Here are some tips. 5) The first thing to do is to …

6) Although …is important, but without …, all the efforts you have made will be in vain. 7) To ensure success, there is one more thing that you must bear in mind, that is… 8) If you can do what has been mentioned above, you can guarantee success. 9) With the help of the above methods, you will achieve you goal soon. 3、图表式作文写作模板

It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).

What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因).

From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势) 二、 经典例题分析 （2006全国卷I） 假定你是李华。应英国朋友Bob的要求， 写一封短信介绍你校图书馆的基本情况。内容须包括下面两幅图中的相关信息。 注意：

1、 字数100左右

2、 可以适当增减细节，以使行文连贯 3、 开头语已为你写好 Dear Bob,

Thank you for your last letter asking about our library.______________________

Best wishes

Li Hua

注：上面的小字是：借阅须知：每人每次5本，借期10天。下面的小字是：开放时间：周一至周五，早9：00至晚7：00，周末闭馆。） 【例文1】 Dear Bob,

Thank you for your last letter asking about our library. Here is some information about it. Located between the garden and the teaching building, our school library situates in the center of the school and has beautiful surroundings. It has all kinds of books, magazines and newspapers providing us with all kinds of knowledge and the latest information. According to the rules, each student can borrow no more than 5 books at a time for at most 10 days, and it is open from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m every day except weekends, which makes it convenient for us students to read in it or to borrow books from it.

The school library is our favorite place after class. We enjoy reading in it. 点评：该生作文属于第五档（23分）。考生充分理解了题目要求，带着一种自豪的语气但又很客观准确地介绍了学校图书馆。写作内容覆盖了两幅图中所有要点，在说明第一幅图时采用了选择中心坐标法，在说明第二幅图时将图书馆规则和便于学生使用结合起来，逻辑非常清晰，全文结构紧凑。该考生对倒装句、定语从句使用熟练恰当，行文流畅。完全达到了预期的写作目的。 【例文2】 Dear Bob,

Thank you for your last latter asking about our library.

Our library, which is surrounded by green trees, ①located in the middle of our school, just behind the garden and in front of the teaching building. Even though it has not ②a large space, there are quantities of books for us to read or to borrow. We can borrow books from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. on ③workdays. And each of us can borrow 5 books once for a t most 10 days. Magazines are available too, but we can’t take them away.

I love my school library. Welcome to our school to visit it!

点评：该生作文属于第四档(18分) 该文基本覆盖了所有主要内容，也应用了一些高级表达法和词汇，语言基本准确，但也出现了一些错误（文中①②③处）。第一幅图说明较好，采用了中心坐标法，但第二幅图在说明过程中缺乏一定的顺序和逻辑，只运用了简单的连接词and。总的说来完成了试题规定的任务，达到了预期的写作目的。 三、 高考真题演练 （2013安徽卷）

孩子的成长和教育是社会热议的话题，现今父母包揽一切、孩子过度依赖等现象十分严重。请阅读下面 的漫画，按要求用英文写一篇短文。 内容要求：

1、描述漫画内容；

2、分析漫画所揭示的问题； 3、提出你的看法。 注意：

1、短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；

2、考生可适当发挥，使文章内容充实、连贯；

3、词数120左右

;

4、文中不能出现考生的具体信息。 参考词汇:pave the way

From the picture, we can see a family of three walking on a long red carpet.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

（2013江苏卷）

请根据你对以下两幅图的理解, 以“Actions Speak Louder than Words”为题, 用英语写一篇作文。

参考词汇: banner (横幅) stump (树桩)

你的作文应包括以下内容: 1、简要描述两幅图的内容; 2、概述你对两幅图中不同做法的理解;

3、举例说明两幅图对你的启示。 注意:

1、可参照图片适当发挥; 2、作文词数150 左右;

3、作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等。

___________________________________________________________________________________________ （2013上海卷） 上海博物馆拟举办一次名画展，现就展出场所（博物馆还是社区图书馆）征集公众意见，假设你是王敏，给上海博物馆写一封信表达你的想法。你的信必须满足以下要求： 1. 简述你写信的目的及你对场所的选择；

2. 说明你的理由（从便利性，专业性等方面对这两个场所进行对比）。

___________________________________________________________________________________________ （2013辽宁卷）

一个英文网站面向中学生征稿。请你写一篇英文稿件，介绍“中秋节”及这个节日里的主要活动。 写作要点：

1、它是中国传统节日之一； 2、家人团聚； 3、赏月、吃月饼、

4、还有旅游、访友等其他活动。 5.…… 注意：

1、词数100左右；

2、可以适当增加细节，以使用文连贯； 3、开头语已您写好，不讲总词数。

参考词汇：中秋节:the Mid-Autumn Festival农历: lunar calendar 赏月: enjoy the full moon 月饼: moon cake

The Mid- Autumn Fetival

th ……

（2013重庆卷）

调查显示，中国长江江豚(finless porpoise)受人类活动影响而频临灭绝，目前总数不足1000只。暇设你是李华，现请用英文给WWF(世界自然保护基金组织)写一封信，请他们关注这一状况并提供帝助。内容应包括:

·说明写信目的 ·简述江豚现状 ·希望WWF如何帮助（比如：资助江豚保护项目等） ·表示感谢并期待回复

注意： （1）词数不少于80；（2）在答题卡上作答（3）书信格式及开头均已给出（不计入总词数）。 Dear Sir or Madam, I’m a student from Chongqing,China.

___________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua

四、 真题参考范文 （2013安徽卷） One possible version

From the picture we can see a family of three walking on a long red carpet. The son, well dressed, waves proudly in the middle while the father behind bends forward to hold the jacket and the mother in front rolls out the carpet, sweating.

It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents. Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success. As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas.

Such a situation is of great concern. In my opinion, overprotection and too much care are extremely bad for children's development. Instead of doing everything for them, parents should encourage their children to overcome difficulties and inspire them to develop by themselves. Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful. （2013江苏卷）

Actions Speak Louder than Words

People celebrate Earth Day differently. In Picture 1, a man is trying to put up a banner on a lonely tree surrounded by stumps, but in vain, while Picture 2 shows a couple happily planting trees.

The message conveyed here is clear: “Actions speak louder than words.” Our earth is suffering

篇三：高考英语作文说明文

说明文类

写作指导

说明文的出题形式为文字提示或图表，文体有报道、投稿、书信等。写作步骤如下： 第一步：审题，确定主题句、主体时态(一般以现在时态为主)和中心人称；

第二步：在主题句后按提示顺序将各要点以完整的句子表达出来；

第三步：用过渡词将上下文的逻辑关系体现出来。

常用词有：

①表示时间：now, then, afterwards, soon, five minutes later, before long, shortly after that, soon after supper, to this day, just now, just then

②表示顺序、动作过程：first, firstly, first of all, second, secondly, at first, at last, next

③表示转折：but, yet, and yet, however, although, otherwise, in spite of

④表示结果：thus, therefore, so, as a result, seeing that, luckily, unfortunately

⑤表示强调： above all, indeed, surely, certainly, of course, after all, without any delay, at least, at most

⑥表示并列： and, also, as well as, and then

⑦表示递进： besides, what's more, in addition, even, once more, what was worse

⑧表示解释和说明： that is to say, namely, for example, actually, and so on, such as, believe it or not, to tell you the truth, according this, for this reason

⑨表示比较、对比： just like, just as, in the same way, more or less, sooner or later, on the contrary, on the other hand

⑩表示总结： finally, in conclusion, in a word, in general, generally speaking, in short, as you know, in the end

需要注意的是：使用上述过渡性词必须根据上下文需要的原则，力求自然，决不可牵强附会，让人感觉别扭。

精选范文

以“早起是好习惯”为题写篇议论文。请围绕以下几点来写：

①早起与健康；

②早起与学习；

③早起与一天的活动。

(字数80～120，要求自拟标题)

Getting Up Early Is a Good Habit

Getting up early is a good habit. It is very important to our health, our study, our life and so on. First, getting up early helps to keep us strong. We can do morning exercises in the open air in the morning and breathe fresh air to build our bodies. Second, getting up early helps us to

memorize what we have learned in class by reading aloud in the morning. Third, getting up early can help us to find enough time to prepare our work of the day. If we stick to getting up early every day, it will do us a lot of good.

练习

①某国际性英语刊物有一个介绍各国风俗习惯的专栏，请为该专栏写一篇短文，简单介绍中国的农历新年(春节)。请包括以下要点：

a．春节是中国人的重要节日；

b．春节在哪一天(农历：the lunar calendar)；

c．除夕一家人吃团圆饭(have a?feast)；

d．守岁爆竹迎新年(爆竹 firecracker)；

e．大年初一亲朋好友拜年(exchange?greetings)；

f．孩子们的压岁钱(lucky money)；

g．狮子舞及其他节目(lion dances and others performances)，是节日不可少的活动内容，要延续三天。

(字数80～120)

②年末将至，某英文报纸开办“99回顾”专栏，就一年中的10件大事做总结性报道。报社请你对夏季的特大洪灾进行简要评述(第一句已给出)。

性质

a．本世纪最严重的一次；

b．损失严重(举例：农田、房屋、灾民)。

原因

a．连月降雨；

b．滥伐林木，水土流失；

c．围湖造田，堵塞河道(waterway)。

防范措施

a．保护沿河植被；

b．改建堤坝；

c．退田还湖。

难点说明：

用词达意：损失严重，围湖造田，退田还湖。

时态变化：以一般过去时和现在完成时为主，考虑到实际情况，还应使用过去完成时。 句子结构：注意句子结构的完整、主语的选择、被动语态的使用和举例部分的完整表达。

文章组织：分三段写，注意每段主题句的选择。

参考词语

引起损失cause losses

无家可归become homeless

围湖造田turn lakes into fields

③根据以下提示写一篇有关交通事故的报道。

(字数：90～100)。

提示：

a．时间：昨天；

b．地点：市中心大街第二个拐角处；

c．原因：卡车司机开车前饮酒，开车时头晕，车失控撞翻一小汽车；

d．伤亡人数：5人死亡，部分人受伤；

e．影响：市区交通中断3小时；

f．经济损失：200万元；

g．市政府告诫司机要从事故中吸取教训。

参考词语

头晕dizzy

经济损失economic losses

市中心downtown

中断交通to delay all traffic

饮酒过多to have too much wine

吸取教训to learn a lesson from?

④几位外国旅游者到公园“英语角”参观。假定你是“英语角”的负责人，请用一篇英语文章介绍，内容提示如下：

a．简况：4年前成立，许多中学生参加，至今已有几百人。许多大学生和外国友人也常光顾；

b．活动时间：每星期日上午；

c．活动内容：练习英语会话、谈论有兴趣的话题、交流学习英语的经验；

d．效果：通过参加活动学习了许多东西，对英语课是一个补充，学生、家长、老师都非常欢迎，认为对学英语很有帮助。如果还想了解得更多，可问在场的学生。

参考词语

对??补充a supplement to?

聚集to gather around

交流to exchange

活动activity

受欢迎to be popular with

⑤有些外国人想了解中国的教育制度。请你用英语写一篇简介，以便刊登在某英文报上。内容要点如下：

a．7岁上小学(primary school)，学6年。

b．然后直接上初中(junior middle school)，学完3年，就完成了9年义务(compulsory)教育。

c．通过(pass)考试后，部分初中毕业生(graduates)上高中(senior middle school)，读 3年。部分学生进职业(professional)学校，被培养成熟练(skilled)工人。

d．高中毕业后，考生通过全国性的考试就成为大学生。大学通常学4年，毕业后，可获得学士学位(bachelor's degree)。制度：(system)。字数为(80～120)

注意：

a．简介要有标题；

b．简介应包括所有内容要点，但不要逐条译成英语。注意时态及语态； ⑥写一篇题为“Give up Smoking”约120字的短文。

提要：

a．不少学生吸烟，而且人数还在增加；

b．据调查，某校2／5以上学生吸烟，有的学生还偷钱买烟；