英语翻译Abstract—Software architecture has been proven as a conceptual tool to manage the development and evolution of a software product.我们翻译成中文的时候。是："摘要——软件架构....................."还是 "摘要—软

英语翻译abstract purification Abstract是什么意思 abstract是什么? 英语翻译1楼不对，它是在结尾时出现的，摘要位于开头，是abstract 英语翻译Abstract—Software architecture has been proven as a conceptual tool to manage the development and evolution of a software product.我们翻译成中文的时候。是：摘要——软件架构.....................还是 摘要—软 英语翻译Abstract—Dynamic web-based learning tools are indispensable in modern teaching,especially considering their capability forinteraction on demand as a means of stimulating and engagingstudents.The experience on which the results reported 英语翻译Abstract：Jar tests were conducted to investigate the performance of enhanced primary treatment processes for low·concentra—tion municipal wastewater行om South China by using composite flocculant combined with bio．flocculants Pullu 英语翻译Abstract：The properties of the passive film formed on 2205 stainless stee1 in acetic acid at high temperature that contained chlorideions were studied by atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS),X—ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and el 英语翻译Applying New JIT—Toyota’s global production strategy:Epoch-making innovation of the work environment Abstract In order to strengthen management technology strategy,the author has recently developed a new management technology principl 英语翻译Abstract—Fires continue to occur in modern architecture,thepeople's lives and property has brought huge losses.In order toreduce the fire in the building automatic fire alarm equipmentplaced into a necessity.This paper discusses the aut 英语翻译Abstract— In this paper generation and transmission expansion planning of IEEE 300-BUS TEST SYSTEM using equivalent load duration curve is studied.To this end,equivalent load duration curve for each electricity region is calculated for 英语翻译Abstract—The early diagnosis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR),a common complication of diabetes that damages the retina,is crucial to the protection of the vision of diabetes sufferers.The onset of PDR is signaled by the appe 英语翻译Abstract—Improvements on the torque with low currents using rotor with spiral sheets are analyzed.Several rotors and stators have been built combining different constructive and mechanical characteristics of the related elements:inertia 英语翻译Abstract—Three different acyl thiourea derivatives of chitosan (CS) were synthesized and their structures were characterized byFT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.The antimicrobial behaviors of CS and its derivatives against four 英语翻译Abstract—An effective voice activity detection (VAD) algorithmis proposed for improving speech recognition performance innoisy environments.The approach is based on the determinationof the speech/nonspeech divergence by means of special 英语翻译Abstract—Opportunistic Spectrum Access (OSA) allowsunlicensed users to share licensed spectrum in space and timewith no or little interference to primary users,which bring newresearch challenges in MAC design.In this paper,we firstlyint 英语翻译Abstract—This paper investigates a sensorless direct torque andflux control scheme for interior permanent magnet synchronousmotor drives at low speeds,including standstill.Closed-loop controlof both torque and stator flux linkage are ac abstract-collision是什么意思?此时abstract是什么词性?