常青藤散文
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篇一:常青藤一号语文文学类文本散文教师
常青藤一号语文文学类文本(散文)专题
针挑土
从湘西回来,和朋友们说起黑妮;说起在凤凰的偶遇,说起跟她去苗寨跑了一天,看她做的种种事,感慨的很;说想起一句记不全的俗语,“什么什么像针挑土,什么什么像水推沙”,黑妮就是在针挑土;黑妮!黑妮??
一说起黑妮,脑子里一边浮现她朴素清瘦的样子,不知为什么有隐隐的心疼。凤凰是她的故乡,但和我们这些外人在一起,倒是她有几分害羞腼腆。黑妮如今工作、居住在意大利,做湘西扶贫工作的时间不短了。最初是一帮一地助学,先后帮了几十个孩子。前些年申请到一笔经费,设计了“湘援游”这个项目。如今每年都会回来几趟,带来游人,带来捐款;关键是,耐心地、口苦婆心地,教苗族妇女如何保存她们优美的刺绣艺术。“负责任的旅游”,听黑妮说,这一旅游概念正在欧洲兴起,它强调旅行者对目的地生存和文化的责任,在旅游资费中,捐出一部分作为扶持当地可持续发展的基金。 黑妮就在其中做穿针引线的工作。
她在大山里找出苗族传统文化仍保持良好的村寨,从房屋构造、村寨形态、人伦礼仪??最后落实到妇女们的苗绣——这是可以直接带来经济效益的活计。传统苗绣缤纷五彩,灵动是情,但如今在慢慢地退化、消失,机器绣品在泛滥。黑妮,就要跟她们一遍遍地讲,什么事好,什么是不好,不要跟着外面转,要相信你们的祖母和母亲,看着眼前的山水,怀着美好的心愿,做自己创造性的苗绣。
那天,我们上午去的是老家寨,一路颠簸,开了一个多小时,我已经在揪着心开始晕车了。最后步行20分钟进寨。在山间步行其实是美好的,暖暖的冬阳,弯弯曲曲镶嵌在田野中的蛮石路,清新的空气,收割干净的田野??老家寨的妇女已得黑妮要来,身着节日服装的她们已经聚集等候,先用快乐的迎客歌在院子里欢迎,然后进屋拿出各自的绣品,等黑妮来评判。
看样子情况不乐观。黑妮没有面露喜色,也没有愠色。她还是那么一字一句、认真地批评她们:“这个不好,一看就是跟机器学的。”“这个线不好,要用棉线。我们这次带了些来。”??
黑妮,你这是在做什么?我站在院子里看着这一幕情景,有点发懵。她从那么远跑来,又跑了这么久的山路,就是想通过几句温和的话塑造她们对美和丑的观念吗?堂屋壁板上贴满各种画片,是这个家的装饰墙,也好似所有外来影响的象征:正中一张有些陈旧的毛主席像,把一个更陈旧的大红双喜字贴去了一大半,左边是海南风光照,右边是明星李小龙的赤身拳照,两个胖娃娃图片,一幅小小的西洋画《泉》。
下午去另一个苗寨,又是近两小时车程。“这一个绣得比较好,就是村寨的形态不如老家寨,建了些新房。”黑妮对一个个目的地都很了解。等到回程,太阳已经有倦容了。
晚上我们在沱江边吉夫开的咖啡馆休息聊天。吉夫是湘援游志愿者,今天一路一直是他提着大包的棉线。黑妮的湘援游,就是靠这些当地的志愿者,不取一毫地付出,才运作起来。今天开车的“李万通”,也有自己的公司。
咖啡馆的壁挂上有一个插页,取下一看,是凤凰手绘地图,封面图案取自传统苗绣,那
五彩灵动的喜鹊,我看得呆了一下,原来这样好。地图10元一份,买下可算对湘援游的支持,还可得一枚徽章作奖励。我想了想,红着脸买了四份,说回去送朋友。素静的黑妮眼睛亮了。老天!
这有什么用!我心里说。
有没有用,真不知道,但我忘不掉他们。我查了针挑土的俗语,原来是这样说的:“成家好似针挑土,败家好似水推沙”,“赚钱好似针挑土,花钱好似水推沙”,一下把我的心挑亮了!既然世世代代,要成就一件事都这样难,从来就这样难,那么,以难易成败来衡量黑妮们的行为,有什么意义呢?且写下这一短文,送上对她的祝福吧。
(有删改)
14.“黑妮就在其中做穿针引线的工作”一句单独成段,联系全文,谈谈作者这样写的用意,以及你对这句话的理解。(6分)
答:______________________________________________________________________ 答案:用意(2分):①总括上下文的相关内容;②突出这句话在文中的重要性。
理解(4分):黒妮组织的“援湘游”,在外来游客和湘西苗族之间穿针引线,促使苗族妇女更好地传承优美的苗绣艺术;②黒妮以“负责任的旅游”概念推动“援湘游”,聚集当地志愿者,为湘西生态和文化的可持续发展做贡献。
解析:用意每答对一点给1分。意思答对即可。理解每答对一点给2分。意思答对即可。
15.解释下列两句话在文中的含义。(4分)用意从句子本身和与全文的结构关系考虑。理解主要理解代词“其中”和比喻词“穿针引线”的含义。
(1)等到回程,太阳已经有倦容了。
答:______________________________________________________________________ 答案:一语双关,既以拟人手法交代回程时天色已晚,又点出当天行程紧张、工作辛劳。 解析:意思答对即可。理解本句,就要理解“倦容”的修辞和深意。
(2)素静的黑妮眼睛亮了。
答:______________________________________________________________________ 答案:①低调、单纯的黒妮为“我”对“援湘游”的支持,高兴得眼睛都亮了;②暗示“援湘游”进展得并不顺利,而黒妮能沉静、乐观地面对;③黒妮从“我”的支持之中,看到了“援湘游”逐步向前推进的曙光。
解析:每答对一点给1分,给满2分为止。意思答对即可。理解本句,就要理解“眼睛亮了”的原因和体现的精神、意义。
16.文中反复出现的“针挑土”有哪些丰富的内涵?(6分)
答:______________________________________________________________________ 答案:①黒妮工作状态的写真:从一点一滴做起,持之以恒,积土成山;②“援湘游”现状的隐喻:苗绣传统文化正慢慢消退,要促使湘西生态和文化可持续发展,如针挑土;③水滴石穿、永不言败的精神象征:“成家好似针挑土”,“赚钱好似针挑土”,“世世代代”,生生不息。
解析:每答对一点给2分,意思答对即可。找出文中提到“针挑土”的地方,分层思考归纳即可得出答案。
17.面对黑妮的“针挑土”行为,“我”表现出怎样复杂的情感态度?文中的相关笔墨起到了
什么样的作用?(6分)
答:______________________________________________________________________ 答案:第一问(2分):既敬佩,又心疼,内心存疑,更满怀祝福。
第二问(4分):①以“我”的见闻和感慨组织文章,更显情真意切、感人至深;②见证了艰难,彰显了精神感召力,丰富并深化了主题;③抒情、议论和叙述、描写转换自如,使行文灵动生姿。
解析:第一问意思答对即可。第二问每答对一点给1分,给满2分为止。意思答对即可。画出文中作者对黒妮的行为表达情感的句子,归纳总结。“针挑土”的相关笔墨,有抒情,有叙述,有补充说明,分析其用意,既要每处找出来考虑,又要综合考虑。
祁连雪
千里河西走廊,在我身临其境之前,总以为那里是黄尘弥漫、阒寂荒凉的,显然是受了古诗的浸染,“千山空皓雪,万里尽黄沙”之类的诗句,已经在脑海里扎了根,这次实地一看,才了解到真相。原来,河西走廊竟是甘肃最富庶的地区,这片铁马金戈的古战场,如今已被国家划定为重要的商品粮基地。当你驻足武威、张掖,一定会为那里的依依杨柳、森森苇帐、富饶的粮田、丰硕的果园所构成的“江南秀色”所倾倒。
当然也不是说,整个河西走廊尽是良畴沃野,它的精华所在,只是石羊河流域的武威、永昌平原,黑河、弱水流域的张掖、酒泉平原,疏勒河流域的玉门、敦煌平原。这篇膏腴之地,是仰仗着祁连山的冰川雪水来维系其绿色生命体系的。祁连雪以其丰美、清冽的乳汁汇成了几十条大大小小的河流,灌溉着农田、牧场、果园、林带,哺育着河西走廊的子孙,一代又一代。
祁连山古称天山,西汉时匈奴人呼“天”为“祁连”,故又名祁连山,一过乌鞘岭,那静绝人世、复列天南的一脉峦叠峰,就投影在我们游骋的深眸里,映着淡青色的天光,雪岭的素洁的脊线蜿蜒起伏,一直延伸到天际,一块块咬缺了完整的晴空。面对着这雪擎穹宇、云幻古今的高山丽景,领略着空际琼瑶的素影清氛,顿觉凉生襟腋,情愫高洁,它使人的内心境界趋向于宁静、明朗、净化。 大自然的魅力固然使人动情,但平心而论,祁连山确也沾了神话和历史的光。这里难以计数的神话传闻和层层叠叠的历史积淀,压低了祁连山、涂饰了祁连山,丰富了祁连山。在那云做梦的少年时代,一部《穆天子传》曾使我如醉如痴,晓夜神驰于荒山瀚海,景慕周天子驾入骏马巡行西北三万五千里,也想着要去西王母那里做客。当时把其中的故事都当成了信史。真正知道它“恍惚无征,夸言寡实”,是后来的事,但祁连山的吸引力并未因之稍减,反而益发强化了,四十余年的渴慕,近照终于得偿,其欢忭之情是难以形容的。
旅途中我喜欢吧记忆中的有关故事与眼前的自然景观相叠合,车过山丹河(即古弱水)时,我想到了周穆王曾渡弱水会西王母于酒泉南山。《淮南子》里也有后羿过弱水向西王母“请不死之药”的记载,神话传说汇集着一个民族关于远古的一切记忆,我们可以通过这种思维、情感、体验以至行动的载体,深入的窥察一个民族以至人类史前的发展轨迹。 观山如读史,驰车河西走廊,眺望那笼罩南山的一派空濛,仿佛能谛听到自然、社会、历史的无声倾诉,一种源远流长的历史的激动和沉甸甸的时间感被呼唤出来,觉得有许多世事已经倏然远逝,又有多少天涯过客正在匆匆走来,我们这些河西走廊的过客,与祁连雪玲
朝夕相对,自然就把它当做了热门话题,有人形容它像一位仪表堂堂,银发飘洒的将军,俯视着苍茫的大地,守护着千里沃野;有人说祁连雪岭像一尊圣洁的神祗,壁立千寻,高悬天半,给人一种可望而不可及的隔膜感,可是在我的心目中,它却是恋人、挚友般亲切,千里长行,依依相伴、神之所游,意之所注,无往而不是灵山圣雪,目力虽穷而情脉不断,一种相通相化相亲相契的温情,使造化与心源合一,客观的自然景物与主观的生命情感交融互渗,一切形象都化作了象征世界。
也许正是这种类似的情感使然,150年前的秋日,林则徐充军西北路过河西走廊时,曾写下诗句:“天山万笏耸琼瑶,导我西行伴寂寥,我与山灵相对笑,满头晴雪共难消。”甘、青路上,我也即兴赋诗,寄情于祁连雪:“依依只有祁连雪,千里相随照眼明.”
(取材于王充阁的同名散文,有删改)
16.下列对文章的理解,不正确的两项是(4分)
A.文章旁征博引,大量引用神话传说,并触及了当下现实,把河西走廊的精华所在与江南相提并论。
B.神话传闻和历史积淀“压低”、“涂饰”了祁连山,反映了历史带给祁连山以无法摆脱的沉重负担。
C.河西走廊的过客对祁连山的形容之所以见仁见智,是因为雪岭常被一派空蒙笼罩,真相难以认清。
D作者在游历河西走廊的同时,也以恋人、挚友般的心态去贴近祁连山,试图体验祁连山的“心史”。
E.本文即从空间的视野描述祁连山特有的自然美景,也从时间的角度传达一种绵长凝重的历史感。
【参考答案】BC
17.作者在文章的开关和结尾均引用了古人的诗句,请分别说明其用意是什么。(5分)
【参考答案】开头以古诗渲染作者从前的印象,在强烈的对比中反衬现实真相;起笔大气,在引起下文的同时,也透露出文章特有的书卷气。
结尾的引用既印证了前文自然景物与生命情感交融的关系,引发作者的诗句来收束文章,同时又以林则徐寂寥无奈的心境映衬作者明朗向上的情绪。
【解题思路】作用类题要注意从内容和写作手法两方面来回答。
18.作者曾说:“雪”是《祁连山》的“文眼”,其有重要的作用,请通读全文,谈谈文中“雪”的重要作用具体表现在哪些方面。(6分)
【参考答案】雪是贯彻全文的线索;雪化成水汇
成了河流,哺育着河西走廊世世代代的子孙;雪赋予祁连山以壮丽景观;雪充当的是作者抒发思想感情和表达历史感悟的载体;雪作为生动鲜明的感性意象,使文章富于艺术感染力。【解题思路】先要理清作者行文思路,然后再把握文章的主旨和写作手法。
19.文中说“观山如读史”,作者为什么这样说?请联系你的生活经历或阅读体验,说说从“观山如读史”中获得的启示。(不少于200字)(10分)
【参考答案】第一问,祁连山为当地古往今来的历史提供了自然条件,历史文献中的积淀也赋予祁连山以丰厚的人文内涵,史中有山,山中有史;眼前的自然山景也触发作者的历史记忆,唤醒了作者的历史感。(第二问略)
篇二:常春藤名家散文背诵选
常春藤名家散文背诵选
A Great Friend Anonymous
As I am now a senior high school student, I have a great many friends, but there is one whom I prize over all the rest. I first made his acquaintance when I began to go to school. He has been my constant companion ever since. Though he is serious in appearance, he never fails to be interesting. Often he is clever, sometimes even merry and gay. He is the most knowledgeable friend a person could have. He knows virtually every language of the world, all the events of history, and the words of all the great poets and philosophers. A kindly benefactor, he is admired and enjoyed by everyone who makes his acquaintance. To me, he has been a great teacher as well as a friend. He first taught me the secrets of my own language and then those of others. With these keys he showed us how to unlock all the arts and sciences of man. My friend is endlessly patient. Dull though I may be, I can return to him again and again, and he is always ready to teach me. When I am bored, he entertains me. When I am dispirited, he lifts me up. When I am lonely, he keeps me company. He is a friend not only to me but to millions around the world. Shall I tell you his name? His name is “reading”.
The Joy of LaborAnonymous
Wise men of ancient times and successful men of today have told us that labor is sweet. Its reward is not material gain but what one becomes by it. Work does much more for us than just giving us a living; it gives us our life and the reason for living. The real joys of life come from doing something and doing it well. All of us hope for success, but it is illusive and hard to keep. It nearly always slips away from one like sand through the fingers, like water through a leaky pail, unless it is held tight but hard work, day by day, night by night, year in year out. Everyone who fears failure should work harder and harder with a faithful heart as long as he lasts.
We’re Just BeginningCharles F Kettering
“We are reading the first verse of the first chapter of a book whose pages are infinite…” I do not know who wrote these words, but I have always liked them as a reminder that the future can be anything we want to make it. We can take the mysterious, hazy future and carve out of it anything that we can imagine, just as a sculptor carves a statue from a shapeless stone. We are all in the position of the farmer. If we plant a good seed, we reap a good harvest. If our seed is poor and full of weeds, we reap a useless crop. If we plant nothing at all, we harvest nothing at all. I want the future to be better than the past. I don’t want it contaminated by the mistakes and errors with which history is filled. We should all be concerned about the future because that is where we will spend the remainder of out lives. The past is gone and static. Nothing we can do will change it. The future is before us and dynamic. Everything we do will affect it. Each day brings with it new frontiers, in our homes and in our businesses, if we will only recognize them. We are just at the beginning of the progress in every field of human endeavor.
我们正在阅读一本页数无限的书的第一章的第一节……。”
我不知道这段文字是谁写的,我一直很喜欢并用它们来提醒自己,那就是未来操之在我。我们可以掌握神秘而不可知的未来,从中创出我们所能想象的任何东西,一如雕刻家
可以将未成型的石头刻出雕像一样。
我们每个人都是农夫。我们若种下好种子,就会有丰收。倘若种子长的不良且长满杂草,我们就会徒劳无获。如果我们什么也不种,就根本不会有什么收获。我希望未来会比过去更好。我不希望未来会被那些充斥在历史中的错误所污染。我们应关心未来,因为往后的余生都要在未来中度过。
往昔已一去不复返而且是静止的。任凭我们怎么努力都不能改变过去。未来就在我们眼前而且是动态的。我们的所作所为都会影响未来。只要我们体会的出来,每天都可以发现新的知识领域伴随而生,可能是在家里,也可能是在我们的事业中。我们正处在人类所努力钻研的每个领域中进步的起点。
第四弹 父辈箴言 Advice to a Young Man Rohert Jones Burdette
Remember, my son, you have to work. Whether you handle a pick or a pen, a wheel-barrow of a set of books. If you look around, you will wee the men who are the most able to live the rest of their days without work are the men who work the hardest. Don’t be afraid of killing yourself with overwork. It is beyond your power to do that on the sunny side of thirty. They die sometimes, but it is because they quit work at six in the evening, and do not go home until two in the morning. It is the interval that kills, my son. The work gives you an appetite for your meals; it lends solidity to your slumber; it gives you a perfect and grateful appreciation of a holiday. There are young men who do not work, but the world is not proud of them. It does not know their names, even. Nobody likes them; the great, busy world does not know that they are there. So find out what you want to be and do, and take off your coat and make a dust in the world. The busier you are, the less harm you will be apt to get into, the sweeter will be your sleep, the brighter and happier your holidays, and the better satisfied will the world be with you.
第五弹 快乐相伴 The Happy Door Mildred Cram
Happiness is like a pebble dropped into a pool to set in motion an Ever-widening circle of ripples. Ad Stevenson has said, being happy is a duty. There is no exact definition of the word happiness. Happy people are happy for all sorts of reasons. The key is not wealth or physical well-being, since we find beggars, invalids and so-called failures who are extremely happy. Being happy is a sort of unexpected dividend. But staying happy is an accomplishment, a triumph of soul and character. It is not selfish to strive for it. It is, indeed, a duty to ourselves and others. Being unhappy is like an infectious disease; it causes people to shrink away from the sufferer. He soon finds himself alone, miserable and embittered. There is, however, a cure so simple as to seem, at first glance, ridiculous: if you don’t feel happy, pretend to be! It works. Before long you will find that instead of repelling people, you attract them. You discover how deeply rewarding it is to be the center of wide circles of good will. Then the make-believe becomes a reality. You possess the secret of peace of mind, and can forget yourself in being of service to others. Being happy, once it is realized as a duty and established as a habit, opens doors into unimaginable gardens thronged with grateful friends.
篇三:A Key to Happiness 常春藤散文
A Key to Happiness
快乐的钥匙
James T. Mangan
To help others, you don’t have to be an efficient expert in the art; the main thing is the intention. You may be crude and clumsy, wasteful and ineffective, but if you sincerely try to help, your attempt produces nothing but good. The one you are trying to help knows your intention and is strengthened and encouraged by the magic of your sharing. In nearly every case, your simple desire to help, converted into action, produces the good sought. But perhaps the greatest good is the good that you yourself get out of the attempt. Service to others delivers more joy to you than the joy you deliver to them. In doing good, you free yourself from the terrible burden of self; you escape from yourself into a clean world of joy and light. The good you simply try to do, regardless of the outcome, is always a success inside yourself.
Unselfish giving is your most efficient formula for happiness, for you have embraced Eternity instead of Self; you have felt life, and you are now the world bigger than you were before you began the project.
你若想住人,并不一定要在助人的艺术方面猛下功夫,重要的是你有没有一颗助人的心。你或许粗里粗气,笨手笨脚,徒劳有无成效,但你若真心想帮忙,你的努力只会带来善果。你想要帮助的人得知你有心相助时,会因为你共担困苦的魔力而变得坚强振作起来。你单纯的助人之心每次付诸行动时,几乎都会产生预期的善果。但或许最大的善果却是你从自己努力助人的企图中所得的善果。服务人群所带给你的快乐要多过你带给人群的快乐。行善时,你便摆脱了以自我为本位的可怕重担,而进入一个充满喜悦及光明的清新世界。你一心想行的善,不论结果如何,在你心中始终就是一种成功。 无私的施舍是获致快乐效果最有效的法则,因为你拥抱的是“永恒”而非“自我”;你感受到“生命”的存在,而你现在的世界也比你开始行善前还要开阔。
体裁作文