实义动词的作用是什么?(请清晰,完整,详细的说出来)
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实义动词的作用是什么?(请清晰,完整,详细的说出来)
实义动词的作用是什么?(请清晰,完整,详细的说出来)
实义动词的作用是什么?(请清晰,完整,详细的说出来)
实义动词与系动词是相对的,系动词亦称连系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况.实义动词意思完全,能独立用作谓语.实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词(及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词;不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词) 即行为动词,表示动作的动词.它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种
实义动词:及物动词(带宾语);不及物动词(不带宾语).
及物动词
后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb).如: I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议. “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?” Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样. Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质.
不及物动词
本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb).如: Birds fly.鸟会飞. It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月. My watch stopped.我的表停了. She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言. 3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词.这样的动词又有两种不同的情况: a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变.试比较: Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词) She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员.(began作及物动词) When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词) They left last week. 他们是上周离开的.(left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同.如: Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手. Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗? 4) 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况: a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,listen听.英语里这些动词后面常接介词.如: We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站.(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.) Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课.(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.) Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去) b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务. Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务
[编辑本段]实义动词的用法
实义动词词义完整,能独立作谓语,可分成:及物动词(transitive verb)和不及物动词(intransitive verb).
1.及物动词要求有宾语
①Mr.Smith gave his wife twenty pounds for her birthday.史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日. ②He asked the teacher a few questions.他向老师问了几个问题. ③We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下. ④Children and young people like bright colors.孩子和年轻人喜欢亮丽的颜色.
2.不及物动词不要求宾语
① Most shops in Britain open at 9:00 A.m. and close at 5:00 or 5:30 in the evening .英国大部分商店九点开门,晚五点或五点半关门. ②George's father lives there.乔治的爸爸住在那里. ③Let's go home.我们回家吧. ④The examination ended at 11:30 A.m.考试上午十一点半结束.
3.特殊实义动词
英语动词很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词,如 close, begin, study, leave, work等. ①The post office closes at 9:00 p. m.邮局晚上9点关门. ②Close the window, please.请关窗. ③Shall we begin now?我们现在开始吗? ④ Bill began working as a sailor after he left school.比尔毕业后当水手. ⑤They left yesterday.他们昨天离开的. ⑥When did you leave Washington?你什么时候离开华盛顿的? ⑦The students study hard.这些学生学习努力. ⑧The students study English and German.这些学生学习英语和德语. ⑨He works in a supermarket.他在一家超市工作. ⑩He works the machine on Mondays.他星期一操作这台机器. 3.实义动词,也叫行为动词.就我们现在所学的内容来讲,实义动词所在的句子中一般不存在be动词.也就是在含有实义动词的句子变否定句或疑问句时,一定不能用be动词.那么,实义动词究竟怎样用呢?正如be动词随着主语的变化可变为am、is、are一样,实义动词在肯定句中,也要随着主语的变化而变化.当主语为第三人称单数he,she, it时,实义动词要变为相应的第三称单数;当主语为非第三人称单数I, you(你), we,you(你们) they时,实义动词要用动词的原形.而在变否定句和疑问句时,不能直接在动词上变,而是要借助另一类动词:助动词do、does. (1)肯定句: ① I have a blue book. ② He has a brother. ③ She wants to be a teacher. ④ They like to play basketball. (2)否定句:主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形.其中do/does为助动词,是来帮助实义动词构成否定或疑问句的,但加了do/does后,其后面的动词必须用动词原形. ① I have a blue book.(变为否定句)→I don’t have a blue book. ② He has a brother. (变为否定句)→He doesn’t have ③ She wants to be a teacher. (变为否定句)→She doesn’t want to be a teacher. ④ They like to play basketball. (变为否定句)→They don’t like to play basketball. (3)一般疑问句:Do/Does +主语+动词原形+其他?句中加了do/does后,其后面的动词还是必须用动词原形. ① I have a blue book.(变为一般疑问句)→Do you have a blue book? ② He has a brother. (变为一般疑问句)→Does he have a brother? ③ My brother does his homework before supper. (变为一般疑问句)→Does your brother do his homework before supper? ④ She wants to be a teacher. (变为一般疑问句)→Does she want to be a teacher? ⑤ They like to play basketball. (变为一般疑问句)→Do they like to play basketball? (4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? ① Your sister likes English best because it’s interesting. (对划线部分提问) →Why does your sister like English best? ② He does his homework before supper. (对划线部分提问)→When does he do his homework? 注意:当含有and引导的短语在句中做谓语或宾语,我们把这类句子变否定句时,必须把and变为or.如: (1)He can swim and dance. (变为否定句)→He can’t swim or dance. (2)My father likes English and math. (变为否定句) →My father doesn’t like English or math.