反意疑问句的几种特殊形式

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反意疑问句的几种特殊形式
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反意疑问句的几种特殊形式
反意疑问句的几种特殊形式

反意疑问句的几种特殊形式
特殊类型的反意疑问句归类
一般类型的反意疑问句(也有人叫附加疑问句,)是由一个陈述句及一个附加的一般疑问句(简略式)组成.要注意下列两点:
1. 如陈述部分是肯定的,则反问部分用否定形式;如陈述部分是否定的,则反问部分用肯定形式.例如:
It’s very cold today, isn’t it?
Your little brother won’t go to the park this afternoon, will he?
2. 反问部分在时态、人称及其他方面必须和陈述部分保持一致.例如:
Mr Black didn’t know Chinese, did he?
但由于陈述部分有一些特殊情况,某些反意疑问句就必须遵循特殊的规则.这些特殊类型的反意疑问句可以根据陈述部分的不同大致归纳为下列7大类28种:
1. 与祈使句有关的反意疑问句
(1)以表示建议的肯定祈使句开头的反意疑问句,其疑问部分通常为will you,也可以是won’t you,我们可以把该祈使句转换成一个表示委婉建议的疑问句来考虑.例如:
Please turn down the radio, will / won’t you? (思路:Please turn down the radio. Will you please turn down the radio?)
Wait for a moment, will / won’t you?(思路:Wait for a moment.  Will you wait for a moment?)
(2) 以否定祈使句开头的反意疑问句,其疑问部分为will you.例如:
Please don’t draw on the wall, will you? (思路同上.)
(3) 以Let’s开头,表示建议的祈使句,由于句中的主语实际上包括听、说双方,所以其疑问部分为shall / shan’t we.例如:
Let’s have a rest, shall / shan’t we?
如果是由Let’s not开头的祈使句,其疑问部分用all right或O. K..例如:
Let’s not go shopping, all right / OK?
(4) 以Let us / me开头,征询意见的祈使句,由于句中的主语实际上仅指对方,所以其疑问部分为will you. 例如:
Let us go there, will you ?
Let me have another try, will you?
[检测题] 1415. 1416. 1417. 1418. 1419. 1420.
2.与复合句有关的反意疑问句
(1)一般来说,如果陈述部分是主从复合句,其反问部分的主语和助动词应与主句的主语和助动词保持一致.(因为这种复合句的重点在主句.)例如:
If he hasn’t finished his work, he can’t go out to play, can he?
(2)但是,以第一人称 (I / We)+ think / believe / know / imagine / suppose / guess / expect / etc.开头的主从复合句,其疑问部分的主谓语应与从句的主谓语保持一致.(因为这种复合句的重点在从句.)例如:
I think he has arrived at the airport, hasn’t he?
(3)而以第一人称 (I / We)+ don’t + think / believe / know / imagine / suppose / guess / expect / etc.开头的主从复合句,则应将主句中的“否定”还原到从句中处理,即将该主从复合句转换成一个具有否定含义的单句来考虑.例如:
I don’t believe she knows it, does she? (思路:I don’t believe she knows it.  I believe she doesn’t know it.  She doesn’t know it.)
(4)不过,以第二、三人称 + think / believe / know / imagine / suppose / guess / expect / etc.开头的主从复合句,仍视为一般的主从复合句,其反问部分的写法与(1)同.例如:
You believe they will come, don’t you?
He believes they will come, doesn’t he?
[检测题] 1421. 1422. 1423. 1424. 1425. 1426.
3.与感叹句有关的反意疑问句
如果陈述部分是感叹句,其反问部分要用否定式.如果陈述部分有省略,要将省略部分恢复后再考虑.例如:
What a beautiful day (it is ), isn’t it?
How clever the girl is, isn’t she?
[检测题] 1427. 1428.
4.与there be…句型有关的反意疑问句
如果陈述句部分是there be…句型,其反问部分要用…there.例如:
There is a map on the wall, isn’t there?
试比较非there be…句型的用法:There goes the bus, doesn’t it?
[检测题] 1429. 1430. 1431.
5.与含否定意义的词有关的反意疑问句
如果陈述部分含有never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no, nothing, nobody, few, little等具有否定意义的词,其反问部分要用肯定式.例如:
They have never met each other before, have they?
You have nothing more to say, have you?
Few people know him, do they?
[检测题] 1432. 1433. 1434. 1435. 1436. 1437.
6.与主语有关的反意疑问句
(1)如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that,或是不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等,(把它们视为第三人称单数,)其反问部分的主语为it. 例如:
This / That is your bike, isn’t it?
Nothing can stop us now, can it?
(2)如果陈述部分的主语是不定代词someone(body), anyone(body), everyone(body), no one, nobody 等,其反问部分的主语可以是they也可以是he.例如:
Everyone passed the exam, didn’t they / he?
Someone is coming, aren’t they / isn’t he ?
Anyone can see it, can’t they / he?
(3)如果陈述部分的主语是指示代词these 或those,(把它们视为第三人称复数,)其反问部分的主语为they.例如:
These / Those aren’t guitars, are they?
(4)如果陈述句部分是以I am开头,由于am not没有缩写形式,所以其反问部分用aren’t 或ain’t或am I not.例如:
I am a worker, aren’t I / ain’t I / am I not?
(5)如果陈述句部分的主语是none of...,其反问部分的主语分别用it、we、you或they代替.例如:
None of the food was wasted, was it?(注:food不可数)
None of us are perfect, are we?
None of you went to the cinema, did you?
None of the students heard the news, did they?
(6)如果陈述句部分的主语是some of...,其反问部分的主语分别用we或they代替.例如:
Some of us wanted to stay longer, didn’t we? (注:some 包括说话人)
On the way back, some of us lost the way, didn’t they? (注:some不包括说话人)
(7)如果陈述句部分的主语是one,其反问部分的主语仍然用one.例如:
One should be strict with oneself, shouldn’t one?
(8) 如果陈述句部分是由并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的名词作主语,其反问部分的主语要用复数.例如:
Neither you nor I am a doctor, are we?
[检测题] 1438. 1439. 1440. 1441. 1442. 1443.
7.与谓语有关的反意疑问句
(1)如果陈述部分含有表推测的情态动词must, can等,其反问部分不能用情态动词,应根据具体情况而定.例如:
He must be a teacher, isn’t he? (思路:He must be a teacher.  He is a teacher.)
She must have arrived there yesterday, didn’t she? (思路:She must have arrived there yesterday.  She arrived there yesterday.)
You must have made the mistake, haven’t you? (思路:You must have made the mistake.  You have made the mistake.)
试比较不表推测的情态动词must的用法:He must find the proof, mustn’t he?
(2)如果陈述句部分的谓语含有带否定前缀dis-, un-, im-或否定后缀-less的词(dislike, discourage, be unfair/ untrue/ unable/useless, etc.),仍按肯定句处理,其反问部分要用否定式.例如:
You dislike it, don’t you?
The patient is unable to move round, isn’t he?
The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, didn’t it?
但是如果陈述句中的谓语是disappear, be unnecessary等, 则不属此例,要按否定句处理,其反问部分要用肯定式.例如:
It is unnecessary to buy a bigger computer, is it?
(3)如果陈述句部分的谓语是“有”动词have、has或had,其反问部分既可用have的适当形式,也可用do的适当形式.例如:
Tom has an interesting book, hasn’t / doesn’t he?
(4)如果陈述句部分的谓语是不作“有”讲的行为动词have、has或had,其反问部分只能用do的适当形式.例如:
You have headaches, don’t you?
You had a good time yesterday, didn’t you?
(5)如果陈述句部分的谓语是have to或has to,其反问部分只能用do的适当形式.例如:
Alice has to finish her homework now, doesn’t she?
(6)如果陈述句部分的谓语是had better,其反问部分只能用hadn’t.例如:
You had better stay in bed till tomorrow, hadn’t you?
(7) 如果陈述句部分的谓语含有used to,其反问部分既可用use(d)n’t,也可用didn’t.例如:
There used to be some trees in this field, use(d)n’t / didn’t there?
You used to smoke a pipe, use(d)n’t / didn’t you?
(8) 如果陈述句部分的谓语含有ought to,其反问部分既可用oughtn’t,也可用shouldn’t.例如:
Zhou Lan ought to pass the National College Entrance Examinations, oughtn’t / shouldn’t she?
(9) 如果陈述句部分的谓语是表示愿望的wish,其反问部分只能用may(的肯定式).例如:
I wish t go to Beijing for a short visit, may I?
[检测题] 1444. 1445. 1446. 1447. 1448. 1449. 1450. 1451. 1452. 1453. 1454. 1455. 1456.

反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,它表示提问者有一定的主见,但没有把握,希望对方证实一下.反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简短的提问.
反意疑问的解答步骤
(一)判定(判断该用肯定还是否定);(二)找动(找句子的动词:按原形do,单三does,过去时态did加);(三)换代(将主语换为代词);(四)完成(写上问号,注意语调).
特殊形式反意疑问句,除了要采...

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反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句,它表示提问者有一定的主见,但没有把握,希望对方证实一下.反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简短的提问.
反意疑问的解答步骤
(一)判定(判断该用肯定还是否定);(二)找动(找句子的动词:按原形do,单三does,过去时态did加);(三)换代(将主语换为代词);(四)完成(写上问号,注意语调).
特殊形式反意疑问句,除了要采取上述其中的几步外,还要注意其不规则变化.
特殊代词做主语
a,人称代词I作主语.由于"am+not"无缩写形式,所以后面问句的谓语和陈述句的谓语不一致如:
I am a worker, aren't I
b,指示代词this 或that;these或those 作陈述句的主语其简短的主语分别为it 或they.
如:This (That)is your pen , isn't it
These(those) aren't books, are they
c,不定代词 everyone, everybody , anyone, any body, someone somebody, no one, nobody,问句部分的主语用they
如:Everyone studies English, don't they
No body is here ,are they
d,不定代词 everything , nothing , anything , something 做主语时,其问句部分的主语用it .
如:Everything is here , isn't it
Nothing is here , is it
祈使句后的反意疑问句形式
a,Let's表示说话人向对方提出建议,简短问句的主语用 we表示,问句用 shall we或 shan't we 如: Let's have a cup of tea ,shall we (shan't we)
b,Let me或 Let us表示听话人提出请求,问句用 will you或 won't you .
Let me have a rest , will you (won't you )
c,其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句,使语气变得客气一些.
如:Have a rest , will you
Stand up , will (won't) you
主从复合句的反意疑问句形式
a,一般主从复合句,疑问部分中的动词和代词应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致.
如:She says her brother is a worker , doesn't she
b,如:主从复合句中主句的主语I,谓语动词为think expect , believe , imagine 等,问句中的主语和谓语必须和从句中的主语,谓语保持一致.如:
I think he must be in the classroom , isn't he
4,含有下列情态动词时构成的反意问句形式
a,陈述句有had better时,问句中用had (hadn't) . You'd better go home now , hadn't you
b,陈述句中有 must表示"必须"时问句用 needn't或 mustn't
You must do your homework , mustn't you /needn't you
We mustn't go home ,must (need) we
c,must表示"推测"时,问句中则不能用情态动词,而需要用其它形式.
如:She must be in the room ,isn't she
You must have been to Shanghai haven't you
5,陈述句中含有否定含义的词.如never, seldom, rarely, hardly 等问句部分应用肯定形式.
He never dared to go ,did he
6,并列句的反意疑问句,问句的主语一般与最近分句的主语保持一致.
如:We must study English hard, or we aren't good at English ,are we
7,感叹句的反意问句形式.
感叹句的问句中的谓语动词要用否定形式,be 动词要用一般现在时形式.
如:How slowly he runs , doesn't he
What a good worker he is , isn't he
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