简单的虚拟语气It would be bad if the pen were lost.It would be bad if the pen was lost.哪句对?
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简单的虚拟语气It would be bad if the pen were lost.It would be bad if the pen was lost.哪句对?
简单的虚拟语气
It would be bad if the pen were lost.
It would be bad if the pen was lost.
哪句对?
简单的虚拟语气It would be bad if the pen were lost.It would be bad if the pen was lost.哪句对?
第一个
第一句对
第一句,这是虚拟语气,用were
第一个正确
虚拟语气中的be动词,一般用were,少用was
1句,用were,表虚拟
第一个咯
表示现在或将来情况的虚拟条件句中,条件从句中的谓语用相当于过去式的形式,例如:
1) If I had a bike, I would lend it to
you.
2) If they invited me tomorrow, I would certainly attend it.
分析:这两句话都表示与事实相反的虚拟情况,句1)表示现在...
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第一个咯
表示现在或将来情况的虚拟条件句中,条件从句中的谓语用相当于过去式的形式,例如:
1) If I had a bike, I would lend it to
you.
2) If they invited me tomorrow, I would certainly attend it.
分析:这两句话都表示与事实相反的虚拟情况,句1)表示现在情况,句2)表示将来情况。以句1)为例:其实际情况是我没有自行车,因此不能借给你,其从句中的谓语“had”是相当于过去式的形式;主句谓语由“would +动词原形lend”构成。
注意:在句子If I were you中,were不能改成was,但在第三人称单数后则可用was(也可以用were)。例如:3) If Alice were (was) here, how nice it would be!
二、有时根据句意需要,主句中的谓语可由might, could构成。例如:
1) If you worked hard, you might succeed.
2) If you could type, you could save a lot of time.
分析:这两句话都表示与现在事实相反的情况。句1)的实际情况是“你工作不努力,因此不可能成功”;句2)的实际情况是“你不会打字,因此要多用很多时间”。句1)的主句中用might,表示情态意义“可能”;句2)的主句中用could, 表示情态意义“能够”。
三、在条件从句中有时还可以用“were to + 动词原形”或“should + 动词原形”这两种形式。例如:
1) If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way.
2) If you should have any difficulty in getting the medicine, (you could) ring this number.
分析:句1)实际上可以认为是说话人对对方做事的方法有不同看法,条件从句中使用“were to +动词原形”构成的虚拟语气是说话人对其所持态度的委婉表达;句2)的从句中使用“should +动词原形”构成的虚拟语气可以认为是说话者提出在必要情况下将给予对方帮助的客气的说法。
在第二个例句中,主句的谓语有时可用祈使语气(见上例);有时用陈述语气,例如:3) If I should be free tomorrow, I will come to see you.
分析:在句3)中,从句是由“should +动词原形”作谓语构成的虚拟语气,主句是由“will +动词原形”作谓语构成的陈述语气。
四、在某些条件从句(如包括were和should的从句)中,if有时可省略,这时语序要改为倒装。例如:
1) Were I you, I would refuse.
2) Were I in your shoes, I would let him know what I thought of him.
分析:这两句话都表示与现在事实相反的情况。句1)实际上是说话人表示对听话人处事方法持不同意见的委婉表示(听话人没有拒绝,而说话人表示如果处于那种情况会拒绝);句2)的实际情况是听话者没有让“他”知道自己对“他”的看法,而说话人不赞成这样做。这两句话中的虚拟条件从句中都省掉了if,使用倒装语序。
五、从句有时可用If it were not for这种句型,表示“若不是”。例如:
1) If it weren’t for your help, we would be in a serious trouble.
2) Were it not for their loan, our life would be very difficult.
分析:这两句话都表示与事实相反的情况。句1)的实际情况是我们现在得到了你的帮助,因此没有遇到麻烦。2)句的实际情况是他们向我们提供了贷款,因此我们现在的生活没有困难。这两句从句中都用If it were not for这种句型表示与现在事实相反的虚拟情况。
六、在由if, though, whatever, lest等引导的分句(表示推测、让步、忧虑等)中谓语可用(前面省去了would或should的)动词原形,主句中的谓语可用陈述语气。例如:
1) If John be found guilty, he shall have the right to appeal.
2) Though everyone deserts you, I will not.
分析:
句1)从句含有推测之意(约翰可能有罪),其谓语用可以认为是省掉了should的动词原形be +过去分词found,主句的谓语用陈述语气“he shall have the right of appeal”;
句2)的从句表示让步,其谓语用可以认为是省掉了would的动词原形desert,主句的谓语用陈述语气“I will not”。
主句中的谓语用“would+动词原形”的形式。
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