What is the mean of "John Bull"

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What is the mean of "John Bull"
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What is the mean of "John Bull"
What is the mean of "John Bull"

What is the mean of "John Bull"
john bull(s)约翰牛；英国佬
“约翰牛”是英国人的绰号,意义是english nation,the typical englishmen.这个雅号是英国人自己取的,出自16世纪英国著名作家兼宫廷御医约翰·阿布斯诺特(John Arbuthnot,1667--1735)的政治讽刺作品.
阿布斯诺特在1712年写了一本讽刺小说,名叫《约翰牛的生平》(The History of John Bull),该书的主人公约翰牛就是英国的人格化、形象化.
作者笔下的约翰牛,是个英国“自由民”,为人粗暴冷酷,桀骜不逊,颇有些牛劲.他盛气凌人、欺辱弱者,如果谁流露出对他稍微表示不满的反抗情绪,他立即摆出一副格斗的架势.作者通过这个赳赳武夫的形象,暗喻当年英国的专横跋扈,抨击“民权党”（英国自由党的前身）的好战策略.显然,这个绰号最初含贬斥色彩.
这个形象的出现,绝非作者凭空捏造,而是与当时英国的社会经济状况紧密相连.在英国资产阶级革命胜利后的17世纪,英国毛纺工业迅速发展,资本的原始积累不断扩大,资产阶级政权对内实行“圈地运动“,对外实行殖民地的掠夺政策,以便积累大量的工业资本.“约翰牛”的形象正是这个时期英国的体现这.
John Bull这个颇古的典故成语,19世纪 的著名作家狄更斯(Charles Dickens,1812--1870)就曾引用过.随着时间的推移,“约翰牛”的形象发生了耐人寻味的变化,由最初那个身强力壮、满脸横肉的中年船长想象,变成了一个年过半百、五短身材的矮胖子.于是漫画上出现的”约翰牛“,是个头戴宽边礼帽,足蹬翻口皮鞋,身穿茄克衫的绅士摸样.当年那种杀气滕滕的气概收敛不少,其原来的贬义似乎变成了褒义.”约翰牛“逐渐变成了一位饱经事故的实干家形象,他的行为成了英国的人的标准行为.这样一来,john bull这个成语就成了英国人或者英国的代名词了；而与之相关的john bullism 就指”英国精神“”英国习气“或”英国的典型性格“,john bullist则常指”英国迷“
eg:By some he is called..."a thoroughbred englishman",by some,"a genuine john bull"...
John bulls belong to the white race.

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