求金融英语及其相关文章有关金融的,经济的任何英语文章都行,600-100词,急用!修正下，是600-1000词，

求金融英语及其相关文章有关金融的,经济的任何英语文章都行,600-100词,急用!修正下，是600-1000词，
求金融英语及其相关文章
有关金融的,经济的任何英语文章都行,600-100词,急用!
修正下，是600-1000词，

求金融英语及其相关文章有关金融的,经济的任何英语文章都行,600-100词,急用!修正下，是600-1000词，
Financial Management
Management of funds is a critical aspect of financial management.Management of funds act as the foremost concern whether it is in a business undertaking or in an educational institution.Financial management,which is simply meant dealing with management of money matters.
Meaning of Financial Management
By Financial Management we mean efficient use of economic resources namely capital funds.Financial management is concerned with the managerial decisions that result in the acquisition and financing of short term and long term credits for the firm.Here it deals with the situations that require selection of specific assets,or a combination of assets and the selection of specific problem of size and growth of an enterprise.Herein the analysis deals with the expected inflows and outflows of funds and their effect on managerial objectives.In short,Financial Management deals with Procurement of funds and their effective utilization in the business.
So the analysis simply states two main aspects of financial management like procurement of funds and an effective use of funds to achieve business objectives.
Procurement of funds:
As funds can be procured from multiple sources so procurement of funds is considered an important problem of business concerns.Funds obtained from different sources have different characteristics in terms of potential risk,cost and control.
Funds issued by the issue of equity shares are the best from risk point of view for the company as there is no question of repayment of equity capital except when the company is liquidated.
From the cost point of view equity capital is the most expensive source of funds as dividend expectations of shareholders are normally higher than that of prevailing interest rates.
Financial management constitutes risk,cost and control.The cost of funds should be at minimum for a proper balancing of risk and control.
In the globalised competitive scenario,mobilization of funds plays a very significant role.Funds can be raised either through the domestic market or from abroad.Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as well as Foreign Institutional Investors(FII) are two major sources of raising funds.The mechanism of procurement of funds has to be modified in the light of requirements of foreign investors.
Utilization of Funds:
Effective utilization of funds as an important aspect of financial management avoids the situations where funds are either kept idle or proper uses are not being made.Funds procured involve a certain cost and risk.If the funds are not used properly then running business will be too difficult.In case of dividend decisions we also consider this.So it is crucial to employ the funds properly and profitably.
Scope of Financial Management
Sound financial management is essential in all types of organizations whether it be profit or non-profit.Financial management is essential in a planned Economy as well as in a capitalist set-up as it involves efficient use of the resources.
From time to time it is observed that many firms have been liquidated not because their technology was obsolete or because their products were not in demand or their labour was not skilled and motivated,but that there was a mismanagement of financial affairs.Even in a boom period,when a company make high profits there is also a fear of liquidation because of bad financial management.
Financial management optimizes the output from the given input of funds.In a country like India where resources are scarce and the demand for funds are many,the need of proper financial management is required.In case of newly started companies with a high growth rate it is more important to have sound financial management since finance alone guarantees their survival.
Financial management is very important in case of non-profit organizations,which do not pay adequate attentions to financial management.
How ever a sound system of financial management has to be cultivated among bureaucrats,administrators,engineers,educationalists and public at a large.
Objectives of Financial Management
Efficient Financial management requires the existence of some objectives,which are as follows
1) Profit Maximization:
The objective of financial management is the same as the objective of a company which is to earn profit.But profit maximization alone cannot be the sole objective of a company.It is a limited objective.If profits are given undue importance then problems may arise as discussed below.
The term profit is vague and it involves much more contradictions.
Profit maximization must be attempted with a realization of risks involved.A positive relationship exists between risk and profits.So both risk and profit objectives should be balanced.
Profit Maximization fails to take into account the time pattern of returns.
Profit maximization does not take into account the social considerations.
2) Wealth Maximization:
It is commonly understood that the objective of a firm is to maximize value and wealth.
The value of a firm is represented by the market price of the company's stock.The market price of a firm's stock represents the assesment of all market participants as to what the value of the particular firm is.It takes in to account present and prospective future earnings per share,the timing and risk of these earning,the dividend policy of the firm and many other factors that bear upon the market price of the stock.Market price acts as the performance index or report card of the firm's progress and potential.
Prices in the share markets are affected by many factors like general economic outlook,outlook of the particular company,technical factors and even mass psychology.Normally this value is a function of two factors:
The anticipated rate of earnings per share of the company
The capitalization rate.
The likely rate of earnings per shares depend upon the assessment of how profitable a company may be in the future.
The capitalization rate reflects the liking of the investors for the company.
Methods of Financial Management:
In the field of financing there are multiple methods to procure funds.Funds may be obtained from long term sources as well as from short term sources.Long term funds may be procured by owners that are shareholders,lenders by issuing debentures,from financial institutions,banks and the general public at large.Short term funds may be availed from commercial banks,public deposits,etc.Financial leverage or trading on equity is an important method by which a finance manager may increase the return to common shareholders.
At the time of evaluating capital expenditure projects methods like average rate of return,pay back,internal rate of returns,net present value and profitability index are used.A firm can increase its profitability without adversely affecting its liquidity by an efficient utilization of the current resources at the disposal of the firm.A firm can increase its profitability without negatively affecting its liquidity by efficient management of working capital.
Similarly,for the evaluation of a firm's performance there are different methods.Ratio analysis is a common technique to evaluate different aspects of a firm.An investor takes in to account various ratios to know whether investment in a particular company will be profitable or not.These ratios enable him to judge the profitability,solvency,liquidity and growth aspect of the firm.

引起华府注意的是他们未能揭示安隆公司日渐糟糕的财政状况的程度以及未能在其爆发以前的数月内揭示其对那些能源公司的恶化步伐（或速度）。
What's gotten Washington's attention is their failure to uncover the extent of Enron's weakening financial condition and the pace ...

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引起华府注意的是他们未能揭示安隆公司日渐糟糕的财政状况的程度以及未能在其爆发以前的数月内揭示其对那些能源公司的恶化步伐（或速度）。
What's gotten Washington's attention is their failure to uncover the extent of Enron's weakening financial condition and the pace at which they downgraded the energy trader in the months prior to its implosion.

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Chinese pour savings deposits into stock market
2007-05-14 09:47:19 [ Big Normal Small ] Comment
SHANGHAI, May 12 (Xinhua) -- More than 70 billion yuan (9.1 billion U.S. dollars) was trans...

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Chinese pour savings deposits into stock market
2007-05-14 09:47:19 [ Big Normal Small ] Comment
SHANGHAI, May 12 (Xinhua) -- More than 70 billion yuan (9.1 billion U.S. dollars) was transferred from savings accounts in Shanghai to stock trading accounts in the first four months of this year, the Shanghai branch of the People's Bank of China estimated on Saturday.
In April alone, RMB-denominated savings deposits with Chinese banking institutions decreased by 8.5 billion yuan (1.1 billion dollars).
"Given the continuous bullish stock market, the diversion of savings deposits will persist for a good while yet," said an official with the Shanghai branch of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.
Shanghai is far from being an exception. The craze has challenged banking service facilities in some areas.
In Changsha, capital city of central China's Hunan Province, a lady surnamed Wei found tens of thousands of yuan of her money deposited at a local outlet of the China Construction Bank failed to be transferred when she was in a hurry to buy in stocks at around 9 a.m. on April 30, the last trading day before the week-long May holiday. Her money was safe but the bank's computer crashed due to an overload of transfer requests.
A similar cases occurred again with the China Construction Bank Changsha branch on May 8, the first trading day after the holiday. Company sources said the bank is testing new computer servers with a larger operating capacity.
The heavy inflow of funds, strong corporate profits, and double-digit economic growth have helped drive up the key Shanghai index by more than 51 percent this year after it soared 130 percent last year.
In the first trading week after the May Day holiday, the combined market value of the two bourses on the Chinese mainland swelled by 4.97 percent from April 30 to 16.89 trillion yuan (2.2 trillion dollars).
Investors dived into the robust capital market. It is reported that on May 8, the first trading day after the weeklong holiday, the two bourses recorded the opening of 421,831 new stock trading accounts, including 368,400 accounts for the A-share market. This brought the total number of stock trading accounts on the two exchanges to 94.37 million.
According to a monthly report jointly produced by Shanghai Securities Journal and Shenyin Wanguo Securities, in April alone a record 250 billion yuan (32.5 billion dollars) was added to the capital ready for stock trading, bringing the total on the A-share market to 980 billion yuan (127.3 billion dollars).
The investment spree has aroused concern from the industry watchdog.
In a notice released on Friday, China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) urged stock exchanges, securities dealers and related authorities to educate investors about the risks of stock market investment.
These institutions must make investors understand that stock markets are risky and they should be cautious in entering the market, especially those who use all their savings or pawn their apartments for loans to invest in stocks, the notice said.

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