英文版的中国介绍

英文版的中国介绍
英文版的中国介绍

英文版的中国介绍
China (traditional Chinese:中国; simplified Chinese:中国; Hanyu Pinyin:Zhōngguó (help·info); Tongyong Pinyin:Jhongguó; Wade-Giles (Mandarin):Chung¹kuo²) is a cultural region,an ancient civilization,and a national or multinational entity in East Asia.The civilization is one of the world's oldest,consisting of states and cultures dating back more than six millennia.
Chinese civilization is one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations.It has the world's longest continuously used written language system,and the source of such major inventions as what the British scholar and biochemist Joseph Needham called the Four Great Inventions of Ancient China:paper,the compass,gunpowder,and printing.
The stalemate of the last Chinese Civil War has resulted in two political states using the name China:the People's Republic of China (PRC),commonly known as China,which controls mainland China,Hong Kong,and Macau; and the Republic of China (ROC),commonly known as Taiwan,which controls the island of Taiwan and its surrounding islands.
China is called Zhongguo (中国 or 中国) in Chinese.The character zhōng (中) means "middle" or "central," while guó (国 or 国) means "state".The term is commonly translated into English as "Middle Kingdom",but is also sometimes translated as "Central Kingdom".[1]
The name "Zhongguo" appeared first in the Classic of History (6th Century BC),and was used to refer to the late Zhou Dynasty,as they believe that they were the "center of civilization" [2],while peoples in the four cardinals were called Eastern Yi,Southern Man,Western Rong and Northern Di respectively.Some texts imply that "Zhongguo" was originally meant to refer to the capital of the sovereign,to differ from the capital of his vassals.[3] The use "Zhongguo" implied a claim of political legitimacy."Zhongguo" was often used by states who see themselves as the sole legitimate successor to previous Chinese dynasties; for example,in the era of the Southern Song Dynasty,both the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song state claimed to be "Zhongguo".[4]
"Zhongguo" came to official use as an abbreviation for the Republic of China (Zhonghua Minguo) after the government's establishment in 1912.The People's Republic of China,established in 1949,is identified with the abbreviated name "Zhongguo".[5]
English and many other languages use various forms of the name "China" and the prefix "Sino-" or "Sin-".These forms are thought to derive from the name of the Qin Dynasty that first unified the country (221–206 BCE).The pronunciation of "Qin" is similar to "Chin",which is considered the possible root of the word "China"[6].
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