先行词和关系代词有哪些关系?

先行词和关系代词有哪些关系?
先行词和关系代词有哪些关系?

先行词和关系代词有哪些关系?
一 定语从句中关系代词的使用
⒈ 如果修饰人,一般用关系代词who,whom,whose 或that.在定语从句中作主语的一般用who或that,作宾语的一般用whom,who或that,作定语并具有物主性质的用whose.（在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可省略）
如：
①I don’t like people who/that get angry easily.
我不喜欢容易发脾气的人.
（ 关系代词who/ that在定语从句中作主语,不可省略）
②Here is the man (whom/ who/ that) you want to see.
这就是你想见的人.
（ 关系代词whom/ who/ that在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略）
③Is there anyone in your class whose home is in the northeast?
你班上有谁家在东北的?
（ 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语,不能省略）
注意：用who 还是whom ,完全根据它们本身在定语从句中的地位和作用而定,与先行词在主句中的作用无关.尤其要注意在带有插入语的定语从句中who和whom的选用.
如：
①The person who sent the letter had to pay the postage.
寄信人要付邮资.
（ who sent the letter是定语从句,修饰person,who在定语从句中作主语,因此用主格）
②He is a man who I believe is honest.
他是一个我认为诚实的人.
（ I believe是插入语,去掉该插入语剩下的便是He is a man who is honest,在语法及句意上都能成立,who是定语从句中动词is的主语,故用主格,不用宾格whom.）
⒉ 如果修饰事物,用关系代词which 和that,作宾语时可省略.作介词宾语时,如果介词位于关系代词之前,则用which (不能省) ,而不用that（关系代词that既能代人,又能代物）.whose也可用来指物（此时可用of which来代替）,在定语从句中作定语.
如：
①Don’t buy tomatoes that/ which are green.
不要买颜色还是青的西红柿.
( that/ which 在定语从句中作主语,不能省)
②The fish (that/ which) they sell are not fresh.
他们卖的鱼不新鲜.
（ that/ which 在定语从句中作宾语,可以省）
③The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
= The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
门坏了的那个教室将很快修理.
④The tool with which he is working is called a saw.
=The tool (that/ which) he is working is called a saw.
他干活用的那个工具叫叫锯.
（介词with位于关系代词之前,须用which,不能省,也不能用that）
二 定语从句中关系副词的选用
⒈ when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,有时也可用介词+which来代替.
如：
I still remember the day when / on which I first came to Beijing.
我还记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景.
She came at a time when we needed her most.
她是在我们需要她的时候来的.
⒉ where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,有时也可用介词+which来代替.
如：
That is the house where/ in which he lived ten years ago.
那是他十年前住过的房子.
I have found a peaceful place where/ in which we can study.
我找到了一个能学习的安静的地方.
⒊ why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,常可用for+ which来代替.
如：
I know the reason why/ for which she was so angry.
我知道她为什么那么生气.
Do you know the reason why/for which he came so late?
你知道他来得这么晚的原因吗?
◆应注意关系副词和关系代词在定语从句中的不同使用.
如：
* I’ll never forget the day when I went abroad myself.
我永远忘不了我独自出国的那一天.
( when在从句中代替时间状语on the day,我们可以把这个句子分解为I’ll never forget the day.I went abroad myself on the day.)
* We’ll never forget the days that we spent together.
我们永远也不会忘记我们在一起度过的那些日子.
(that 代替the day,在句中作spent的宾语,that可以省略.该句可分解为We’ll never forget the days.We spent the days together.)
三 way 作先行词之后的定语从句
当“way”表示“方式、方法”在句中作先行词,后被一个定语从句修饰时,引导定语从句可用that ,也可用in which,或什么都不用.
如：
I don’t like the way that he laughed at me.
=I don’t like the way in which he laughed at me.
=I don’t like the way he laughed at me.
我不喜欢他用那种方式来嘲笑我.
四 time 之后的定语从句
time作先行词,前面如有序数词和last修饰时,引导定语从句不能用when,只能用that 或两者都不用.但前面如无序数词或last,常用when(有时也用that)引导定语从句.
如：
This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
这是我最后一次给你们上课.
The first time I saw Premier Zhou was in 1958.
我第一次见周总理是在1958年.
I don’t know the exact time when the track and field meet will take place.
我不知道田径运动会举行的确切时间.

关系代词引导的从句修饰和解释先行词