英语翻译The unit prices are higher than they are for the other contractors,and the labor rates are not much lower.A review of the scope will help determine if the company made an error.If ,in fact,it did carry the right scope,the owner and the ma

英语翻译The unit prices are higher than they are for the other contractors,and the labor rates are not much lower.A review of the scope will help determine if the company made an error.If ,in fact,it did carry the right scope,the owner and the ma
英语翻译
The unit prices are higher than they are for the other contractors,and the labor rates are not much lower.A review of the scope will help determine if the company made an error.If ,in fact,it did carry the right scope,the owner and the manager should still have a concern:if changes are expected on the job based on unseen conditions(that is,asbestos buried in walls),then how many changes need to occur before the next lowest bidder’s number compares favorably with the low bidder’s?The owner and manager should examine their expectations about unforeseen conditions and evaluate the bids based on a reasonable assumption about changes to base scope.
If bidders provide provide pricing that is outside the plans and specifications,the project team needs to decide how to handle this.Generally,the following guidelines are used:
If the bidder who is low,even without an alternate,suggests an equal to or better alternate that makes him or her even lower,the owner has the option of accepting this bid.
If the bidder who is not low provides an unequal but acceptable alternate that then make him or her low,the owner has the option of giving the other bidders in contention the opportunity to bid this alternate as well.
If the bidder who is not low and won’t ever be low suggests an acceptable alternate,the owner has the option of having the bidder price this alternate.
Award of the contract can be as simple as accepting the lowest bidder,and in the end it often is this simple.However,many factors come into play when bids are received.The apparent low bidder can turn out not to be the lowest after the descoping session takes place.The low bidder may be too far from the other bidders,raising the suspicion that he or she has missed something.By law the bidder is required to honor the price,no matter what; but nobody wants a contractor on the job who is not going to do well.Bids often come in with information missing:for example,receipt and acknowledgment of addenda,signatures,exclusions that mean
They haven’t addressed all the conditions.In all cases,the owner has the right to reject or accept the bids.Minor clerical errors are usually okayed for correction; but in general,if a bidder has not met the requirements of the bid,the bid will be rejected.
The bidding period is a time of anxiety for the owner and the designer.Until this time,numerous estimates have predicted the price of the project.In most cases,the project does not get bid if these estimates come in higher than the money available to complete the job.The normal procedure is to redesign or reduce scope until the project’s budget is on target.However,these are only estimate of the work,not the real pricing.
The owner may elect to test the market with the higher estimate,hoping that competitive pressure will drive the price down.

英语翻译The unit prices are higher than they are for the other contractors,and the labor rates are not much lower.A review of the scope will help determine if the company made an error.If ,in fact,it did carry the right scope,the owner and the ma
第一部分
第一部分：它处理工作范围以及施工规章和条件,分为如下各段,适用于交易部分：征询、范围、相关工作、系统说明、质量保证、提交文件、运送、储存和管理、现场条件、工期、候补者、津贴、单价和许可证.
第二部分：产品.描述生产中用到的材料和设备：可容许的制造商、材料、设备、混合料和组装.
第三部分：详述对做工、质量和安装的要求：监督、准备、安装、现场质量控制、调试与清理,护理、配件、工期.在投标中,承包商集齐所有文件来确定工程报价.使用标准格式的话,承包商可以把主要注意力集中在异于标准的地方.设计师应尽一切可能组织信息,使工作的独特方面容易识别.否则,承包商会遗漏重要细节,以致于改变对工程的报价结构.遗漏或误解对于工程只是帮倒忙.如果有关信息隐藏在文件中,宣称承包商本应该找到该细节的言论是无意义的.法律意义上,承包商有义务提供文件所规定的范围.业主和设计者应尽一切可能确保承包商已经涉及到该工程的特性.不满意的承包商不会成为不错的合作伙伴.
除了准备清晰、有条理的文件和进行投标前会议,设计师、业主还应和低价中标者一起重新考虑报价,讨论该工作的特殊方面.这样能确保承包商有足够的资金开始工程,继而像设计和规划的那样完成工程.收到所有出价后,施工经理把数据制成电子表格.表7.5显示电子表排列数字,以便于快速比较.比较项包括标底、候补者、附录、单价、不包括的项目、资历和估价建议.初看之下,该表显示即使免去候补者,CGS也为低价中标者,.然而,在决定它中标之前,业主和建设经理应仔细核查CGS标底中关于材料数量的假设.
第二部分
因其余承包商和劳动力价格并不便宜得多,所以单价比原则上要高.复查范围有助于辨别公司有没有失误.如果承包商确实执正确范围,业主和建设经理还应考虑：如果基于不可知条件（例如,墙体中的石棉）的修改发生了,那么在比目前最低投标人的数据更合算的更低投标人出现前,还需要多少次修改?业主和经理应核查他们关于不可知条件的预期,该预期是为了确定范围的.并根据关于变化的合理预期衡量投标.
若投标人提供的价格超出计划和规格,工程队需决定怎样处理.通常,根据如下原则：低价投标人,即使没有候补者,如果提名一个价格相当的候补者或更好的候补者,该提议使该投标人价位更低,那么业主可以接受该投标；若价位不低的投标人提名一个不相等却可接受的候补者,使该投标人要价低,那么,业主可以给其他首肯的投标人竞拍这个候补者的机会.若投标人要价不低也绝不会低,提名一个可接受的候补者,那么,业主可以让该投标人给候补者标价.合同的给予可以像接受最低投标者一样简单,最终也是如此.然而,收到标书后,许多因素会起作用.明显的最低投标人最后也可能不是最低.最低投标人可能与其他投标人相去太远,以致使人怀疑他遗漏了什么.根据法律,无论如何,投标人必须信守价格；但是在工作中我们都不缺乏不好好工作的人.收到的标书经常缺信息：例如,重要的收据、附录确认、签名和不包含内容.以上例子没有表述所有的情况.任何情况下,业主有权拒绝或接受投标.员工的小失误通常可以改正后而获得原谅；但总体上,若投标人未满足标书要求,他的投标会被拒绝.
竞标过程对业主和设计师来说是煎熬的时刻.大多数情况下,如果投标人的估算高于工程可用资金,那么没人会中标.正常的程序是重新设计或减小范围直到不超过工程预算.然而,这些只是估计,不是真实价格.业主可以用更高的估价来测试市场,希望竞争的压力会拉低价格.