及物动词与不及物动词归类

及物动词与不及物动词归类
及物动词与不及物动词归类

及物动词与不及物动词归类
A 有些动词只是及物动词; 它们不可以单独用,后面必须跟宾语.{ False:They always want after lunch.Right:They always want a cup of tea after lunch.{ False:He is sending now.Right:He is sending a letter now.B 有些动词只是不及物动词；它们可以单独用,如果后面想接宾语,动词后面必须加上介词.{ Right:He is looking around.False:He is looking me.Right:He is looking at me.{ Right:He is listening carefully.False:He is listening the teacher carefully.Right:He is listening to the teacher carefully.C 有些动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词; 但是有时候词义会改变.{ The customer is asking loudly.The customer is asking for you now.The customer is asking a question now.{ If you work hard,you will succeed.If you work hard,you will succeed in passing the exam (same meaning).If you work hard,you will succeed John as the manager of this company (different meaning).根据其后是否带宾语,动词可分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词(不带宾语).如：When will he arrive?他什么时候到?(arrive 不带宾语,为不及物动词)He reached Beijing yesterday.他昨天到达北京.(reach 带了宾语,为及物动词)有的动词既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词：The child is playing.这小孩在玩.（不及物用法）The child is playing the piano.这小孩在弹钢琴.（及物用法）He is writing.他在写字.（不及物用法）He is writing a letter.他在写信.（及物用法）The boy is reading.这男孩在阅读.（不及物用法）The boy is reading a magazine.这男孩在看杂志.（及物用法）一、) 分清及物不及物:分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题.动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况：a．主要用作及物动词.及物动词后面必须跟宾语.可以用于："主＋谓＋宾"；"主＋谓＋双宾"；"主＋谓＋宾＋宾补"结构.如：He reached Paris the day before yesterday.Please hand me the book over there.They asked me to go fishing with them.类似的还有：buy,catch,invent,found,like,observe,offer,prevent,promise,raise,find,forget,receive,regard,see,say,seat,supply,select,suppose,show,make,take,tell.b．主要用作不及物的动词.不及物动词后面不跟宾语.只能用与："主＋谓"结构.This is the room where I once lived.类似的还有：agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed.c．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变.如begin 都是作"开始"讲.everybody ,our game begins.let us begin our game.类似的还有：start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve.d．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同.这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义.如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散".