The kids lay face down on the beach,their backs________ to the sun.A.exposing B.exposed C.having exposed D.were exposing我搞不清楚了,这是独立主格吗?那选择B是being exposed省略了being,还是就是过去分词exposed啊?过去

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The kids lay face down on the beach,their backs________ to the sun.A.exposing B.exposed C.having exposed D.were exposing我搞不清楚了,这是独立主格吗?那选择B是being exposed省略了being,还是就是过去分词exposed啊?过去
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The kids lay face down on the beach,their backs________ to the sun.A.exposing B.exposed C.having exposed D.were exposing我搞不清楚了,这是独立主格吗?那选择B是being exposed省略了being,还是就是过去分词exposed啊?过去
The kids lay face down on the beach,their backs________ to the sun.
A.exposing B.exposed C.having exposed D.were exposing
我搞不清楚了,这是独立主格吗?那选择B是being exposed省略了being,还是就是过去分词exposed啊?过去分词和现在分词被动式有什么区别啊?

The kids lay face down on the beach,their backs________ to the sun.A.exposing B.exposed C.having exposed D.were exposing我搞不清楚了,这是独立主格吗?那选择B是being exposed省略了being,还是就是过去分词exposed啊?过去
The kids lay face down on the beach,their backs________ to the sun.
A.exposing B.exposed C.having exposed D.were exposing
本题答案:B.exposed
后面是作伴随状语的,其实整个句子相当于
The kids lay face down on the beach with their backs exposed to the sun.
with sth done 表示持续的某种状态
★ 独立主格结构:
一、概念:
“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成.这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常称为“独立主格结构”.
二、功能:
“独立主格结构”实质就是带有自己主语的非限定状语从句.众所周知非限定性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语,从而依附于主句.而有些非限定性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语,在结构上与主句不发生关系,因此成为独立主格结构.其实,虽然叫做独立主格结构,并不是真正的独立,它还是一种从属分句,在句中有多种作用.如:表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等,在句中通常起状语作用.
三、形式:
独立主格结构在形式上有两部分组成:第一部分有名词或代词担任,第二部分由分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语担任.按其结构形式分为:—ing 分词独立主格结构;—ed分词独立主格结构;无动词独立主格结构等.
四、举例:
1、There being nothing else to do,they gone away.
由于无事可做,他们离开了.(代词+-ing; 表原因)
2、Miss Wang come into the classroom,books in hand.
王老师走进教室,手里拿着书.(无动词结构;表伴随)
3、The old man sat in his chair,his eyes closed.
老人坐在椅子上,闭着眼睛.(名词+-ed; 表状态)
4、Class over,we began to play basketball.
放学了,我们开始玩篮球.(名词+副词;表时间)
5、Without a word more spoken,he picked up the paper.
没再多说一个字,他拾起那张纸.(介词结构;表伴随)
6、The last guest to arrive,our party was started.
最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会开始了.(名词+不定式;表时间)
五、独立主格结构与分词短语作状语的异同:
1、独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转化成状语从句.但是,独立主格结构转换成状语从句后,有自己的逻辑主语,与主句的主语不一致;而分词短语转化为状语从句后,从句的主语与主句的主语相同.例:
⑴ If time permit,we’d better have a rest at this weekend.-→Time permitting,we’d better have a rest at this weekend.
如果时间允许,本周末我们最好休息一下.
⑵ When we see from the top floor,we can find the garden more beautiful.-→Seeing from the top floor,we can find the garden more beautiful.从顶楼上看,花园更漂亮.
2、 还应该注意,分词结构的逻辑主语不是总和主句的主语一致,而是主句的其他成分.语法上称作“依着原则”;有些分词结构在句子上找不到它的逻辑主语,语法上称作“悬垂分词”.例:
⑴ Looking for my watch in the room,it had taken me a long time.在屋里找表,用了我很长时间.(依着原则)
⑵ When planting these flowers,care must be taken not to damage the root.(我们)种花时必须小心,不能碰坏花根.(悬垂分词)
六、独立主格结构与独立成分的异同:
1、有的分词短语可以独立存在,在句子中没有逻辑上的主语,实际上已经成了习惯短语.这些短语有:generally speaking; frankly speaking; judging from; supposing等等.
例:
⑴ Generally speaking,the rule is very easy to understand.总的来说,这个规则很容易懂.
⑵ Judging from what he said,she must be an honest girl.根据他所说的,她一定很诚实.
2、有些固定短语是带to的不定式,表明说话人的立场和态度,在句中作独立成分.这些短语有:to be honest; to be sure; to tell you the truth; to cut a long story short; to be frank; to make the matter worse等等.例:
⑴ To tell you the truth,what I said at the meeting was not my opinion.说实话,我在会上说的并不是我的意见.
⑵ To make the matter worse,he locked his keys in the car.更糟糕的是,他把钥匙锁在车里了
★ 过去分词和现在分词被动式的区别:
两者均可表示被动,其区别主要在于它们所表示的时间概念不同,即过去分词在被动的同时,还表示完成,而现在分词被动式在被动的同时,还表进行.
Built in 1501,the bridge is over 500 years old.这座桥建于1501年,已有五百多年的历史.
Who is the woman being operated on?正在动手术的女人是谁?
但有时它们也可表示相同的意思.如:
Written in haste,the book has many mistakes.这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少.
Being written in haste,the book has many mistakes.这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少.
Having been written in haste,the book has many mistakes.这书因写得仓促,所以错误不少.
有时虽然所表示的时间概念相同,但有细微区别:
Having been show the lab,we left.被领着看了实验室后,我们就离开了.
Shown the lab,we left.被领着一看完实验室,我们就离开了.(有一种急促感)

这是独立主格结构,在句中做伴随状语。句意是:孩子们脸朝下躺在长凳上,后背裸露着晒着太阳。因为backs与expose之间是被动关系,所以要用过去分词表被动。换个方式解释,应该说,The kids exposed their backs to the sun. 过去分词和现在分词被动式都有被动之意,但所表达的时间意义不同。过去分词只强调被动关系或强调过去或完成被动;而现在分词被动式则强调进行被动。...

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这是独立主格结构,在句中做伴随状语。句意是:孩子们脸朝下躺在长凳上,后背裸露着晒着太阳。因为backs与expose之间是被动关系,所以要用过去分词表被动。换个方式解释,应该说,The kids exposed their backs to the sun. 过去分词和现在分词被动式都有被动之意,但所表达的时间意义不同。过去分词只强调被动关系或强调过去或完成被动;而现在分词被动式则强调进行被动。

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