英语翻译MARGINAL-COST PRICING IN AMERICAN UTILITIES:A COMMENT SouthernEconomicJournal,Vol.33,No.3.(Jan.,1967),pp.419-420 Professor Shepherd's article1 represents a real contribution to the literature relating to marginal-cost pricing in the utili

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英语翻译MARGINAL-COST PRICING IN AMERICAN UTILITIES:A COMMENT SouthernEconomicJournal,Vol.33,No.3.(Jan.,1967),pp.419-420 Professor Shepherd's article1 represents a real contribution to the literature relating to marginal-cost pricing in the utili
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英语翻译MARGINAL-COST PRICING IN AMERICAN UTILITIES:A COMMENT SouthernEconomicJournal,Vol.33,No.3.(Jan.,1967),pp.419-420 Professor Shepherd's article1 represents a real contribution to the literature relating to marginal-cost pricing in the utili
英语翻译
MARGINAL-COST PRICING IN AMERICAN UTILITIES:A COMMENT
SouthernEconomicJournal,Vol.33,No.3.(Jan.,1967),pp.419-420
Professor Shepherd's article1 represents a real contribution to the literature relating to marginal-cost pricing in the utility industry.In the interests of further extending its usefulness,I would like to offer a few comments:
1.Professor Shepherd twice (pp.62 and 64) refers to space heating as a possible "on-peak" use,a statement which causes him to express concern about promotional space heating rates.But it is my understanding that such rates have been instituted only after the utilities involved have satisfied themselves of the probability of the prospective maintenance of the summer peaks they now face.The importance of the off-peak nature of services being offered at promotional rates is considerable.For example,Public Service Electric and Gas Company of New Jersey,one of Professor Shepherd's "extensive" employ-ers of "explicit marginalist pricing" (p.63),has described the basis of its space heating rate as follows:"In our sales promotion programs we are stressing the sale of 'off- peak loads,' such as electric heating,to increase the winter use of electricity thus helping to offset the summer air conditioning peak; and gas air conditioning and interruptible gas service to induce greater use of gas in the off-peak summer period." This is not to deny the existence of a problem in predicting peaks.Peak shifting may occur either as a direct (over-) response to the promotional rate or as a result of a change in the structure of demand over time.While the former might be more embarrassing to the company which would subsequently have to re-file its rates,the economic problem created by both forms of possible peak-shifting is a function of a prior determination concerning the relevant time horizon.Suppose that a company promotes electric space heating and,ten years later,this develops nto peak business.Is it not better to have had efficient utilization of capacity during that decade,even though rates would have to be changed at its conclusion,than to have had a higher-cost operation for the entire period?

英语翻译MARGINAL-COST PRICING IN AMERICAN UTILITIES:A COMMENT SouthernEconomicJournal,Vol.33,No.3.(Jan.,1967),pp.419-420 Professor Shepherd's article1 represents a real contribution to the literature relating to marginal-cost pricing in the utili
在美国的实用程序的界限费用价格设定:COMMENT SouthernEconomicJournal,Vol.33(No.3)(1967年1月),pp.419-420Shepherd教授的article1表示对由于实用程序产业有关界限费用价格设定的文学的真的贡献.认为为了更加扩大有用性的事的,提供几个评语的:1.教授
Shepherd2倍(pp.在「顶峰」的可能的使用,他称呼62和64)暖气为有关宣传的暖气率表明担忧的声明.可是,那是理解我,只有关的实用程序满足之后设置着那样的比率.以off peak的宣传的比率被提供的服务的本质的重要性不能忽视.与譬如,New Jersey的Public Service ElectricGas公司(Shepherd教授的「明白的「保证金-人」价格设定」(p.63)的「大规模」雇主的一个人)关于以下的暖气率的基础说明了的:「促销程序,一边帮助相抵夏天的空调顶峰,我们那个结果,象电的冬天的使用使之增加一样地一边强调着电加热等的'off peak负荷'的销售」;「并且,煤气空调和interruptible为了off peak的夏天的期间的煤气,引起更大的使用服务供给煤气.」这,是为了不否定预测顶峰的事能放,问题的存在的东西.说不定顶峰转移作为a发生为直接,(过剩、)、宣传的比率或者变化的结果,时间随着到辰的需求构造的应答.前者说不定根据必须其次再起诉比率的公司害羞,不过,以双方的形式可能的顶峰转移被制作了的经济问题是有关关联时间的地平线前头的决断的机能.请假定公司促进电暖气.那样的话,在10年后,这个使之发展nto顶峰商务.必须把比率变成是结论的时候,不过,有那个10年之间容量的效率性的利用不是为了全体的期间的,应该有着更高(贵)的费用操作好这样的吗?

太长了啊!你可以直接说哪个部分是不明白的!!!

边缘的- 费用在美国公用程序中订定的价格: 一个意见
SouthernEconomicJournal , Vol.33 , No.3.(1967 年一月) , pp。419-420
教授牧羊者的 article1 表现对文学的一个真正的贡献与边缘的- 费用有关在公用程序工业中订定的价格。 在进一步的扩充它的有用兴趣中,我想要提供一些意见:
1. 教授看守两次 (pp。62 ...

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边缘的- 费用在美国公用程序中订定的价格: 一个意见
SouthernEconomicJournal , Vol.33 , No.3.(1967 年一月) , pp。419-420
教授牧羊者的 article1 表现对文学的一个真正的贡献与边缘的- 费用有关在公用程序工业中订定的价格。 在进一步的扩充它的有用兴趣中,我想要提供一些意见:
1. 教授看守两次 (pp。62 和 64)提到隔开如一种可能的 "在- 之上山顶" 使用,一份引起他表达对增进的空间关心加热比率的陈述暖气。 但是我的理解是如此的比率在公用程序之后只有已经被创立积极参与的已经他们现在面对的夏天峰巅的有希望的维护可能性使他们自己满意。 服务被提供的非尖峰的性质重要以增进的比率是相当的。举例来说,民众维修电的和新泽西州的瓦斯公司,"露骨的 marginalist 订定的价格" 的教授牧羊者的 "广泛的" 雇用- ers 之一 (p。 63),已经依下列各项描述它的空间暖气的基础率: " 在我们的促销中规划我们正在强调售卖 '走开-山顶负荷,' 如此的如电暖气, 增加冬天使用电如此帮助弥补夏天空调;而且瓦斯空调可中断的瓦斯维修引诱非尖峰者的瓦斯较棒的使用。" 这是不要在预知峰巅方面否认问题的存在。山顶改变同样地也可能发生一个直接的 (在-之上) 回应对增进的比率来说或在时间以来在要求的结构方面的改变结果。 虽然前力气对会后来必须再申请它的比率公司是更令人困窘的, 被两种表格产生的经济问题可能的改变山顶的是之前的决心一个功能关于有关的时间地平线。 假如一家公司促进电的空间加热和,十年之后,这发展 nto 山顶生意。 它不比较在那十年期间已经有能力的有效率的利用吗,即使比率会必须在它的结论被改变, 比较到已经为整个的时期有比较高- 费用操作?

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marginal cost pricing full marginal cost是什么意思? marginal cost,marginal resources 不光单单是他们的英语翻译过来,这两个词的具体含义! marginal-cost-based 求翻译 证明marginal cost >average cost,average cost increase marginal-cost-based ,求翻译,真心求 英语翻译The closing stocks of finished goods andof Work In Progress are valued at the marginal production cost 英语翻译MARGINAL-COST PRICING IN AMERICAN UTILITIES:A COMMENT SouthernEconomicJournal,Vol.33,No.3.(Jan.,1967),pp.419-420 Professor Shepherd's article1 represents a real contribution to the literature relating to marginal-cost pricing in the utili 边缘成本(marginal cost)的概念边缘成本(Marginal Cost) 的理论是什么? 中文解释margin,marginal benefit,marginal cost和ceteris paribus就是边际,边际成本,边际收益 社会边际成本(marginal social cost)与社会成本(social cost)有何联系和差别 为什么 这里MC=MR?Profit maximisation Marginal cost (MC) can be used together with marginal revenue用中文 英语翻译pr ice 微观经济学中,为什么,marginal cost 与AVC ATC交于它们的最低点或最高点? 全英的微观经济学题目!marginal revenue :16marginal cost:13economic profit = 16 or 但是答案是16!1 一道英文微观经济问题为什a tax makes marginal social benefit exceed marginal social cost,shrinks the producer surplus and consumer surplus 微观经济学 Marginal Cost,Average Variable Cost,Average Total Cost.为什么MC总与AVC和ATC相交在他们的最低点处?要微观经济学的说法. 帮忙画一下微观经济学Total cost,average cost,marginal cost 的图三条线画在一个坐标系里面,只要这三条线,别的线不可以有