关于名人的英文文章关于George Washington可以讲一分钟的~要有他的家庭背景~还要有他对你或世界的影响

关于名人的英文文章关于George Washington可以讲一分钟的~要有他的家庭背景~还要有他对你或世界的影响
关于名人的英文文章
关于George Washington
可以讲一分钟的~
要有他的家庭背景~还要有他对你或世界的影响

关于名人的英文文章关于George Washington可以讲一分钟的~要有他的家庭背景~还要有他对你或世界的影响
George Washington (February 22,1732[1][2][3] – December 14,1799) led the Continental Army to victory over the Kingdom of Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) and served as the first President of the United States of America (1789–1797).[4]
The Continental Congress appointed Washington commander-in-chief of the American revolutionary forces in 1775.The following year,he forced the British out of Boston,lost New York City,and crossed the Delaware River in New Jersey,defeating the surprised enemy units later that year.As a result of his strategy,Revolutionary forces captured the two main British combat armies at Saratoga and Yorktown.Negotiating with Congress,the colonial states,and French allies,he held together a tenuous army and a fragile nation amid the threats of disintegration and failure.Following the end of the war in 1783,Washington returned to private life and retired to his plantation at Mount Vernon,prompting an incredulous King George III to state,"If he does that,he will be the greatest man in the world."[5][6]
He presided over the Philadelphia Convention that drafted the United States Constitution in 1787 because of general dissatisfaction with the Articles of Confederation.Washington became President of the United States in 1789 and established many of the customs and usages of the new government's executive department.He sought to create a great nation capable of surviving in a world torn asunder by war between Britain and France.His unilateral Proclamation of Neutrality of 1793 provided a basis for avoiding any involvement in foreign conflicts.He supported plans to build a strong central government by funding the national debt,implementing an effective tax system,and creating a national bank.Washington avoided the temptation of war and began a decade of peace with Britain via the Jay Treaty in 1795; he used his prestige to get it ratified over intense opposition from the Jeffersonians.Although never officially joining the Federalist Party,he supported its programs and was its inspirational leader.Washington's farewell address was a primer on republican virtue and a stern warning against partisanship,sectionalism,and involvement in foreign wars.
Washington is seen as a symbol of the United States and republicanism in practice.[7] His devotion to civic virtue made him an exemplary figure among early American politicians.[7][8]
Washington died in 1799,and the funeral oration delivered by Henry Lee stated that of all Americans,he was "first in war,first in peace,and first in the hearts of his countrymen."[9] Washington has been consistently ranked by scholars as one of the greatest U.S.

除了伟大的牛顿和伟大的爱因斯坦，再没有一个人象他那样为人类的进步做出过这样大的贡献。即使牛顿和爱因斯坦也都曾从他身上汲取过智慧和灵感。他是“理论天才与实验天才合于一人的理想化身”，他就是叙拉古的阿基米德。
阿基米德生平
阿基米德（Archimedes，约前287—212），诞生于希腊叙拉古附近的一个小村庄。他出生于贵族，与叙拉古的赫农王（King Hieron）有亲戚关系，家庭...

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除了伟大的牛顿和伟大的爱因斯坦，再没有一个人象他那样为人类的进步做出过这样大的贡献。即使牛顿和爱因斯坦也都曾从他身上汲取过智慧和灵感。他是“理论天才与实验天才合于一人的理想化身”，他就是叙拉古的阿基米德。
阿基米德生平
阿基米德（Archimedes，约前287—212），诞生于希腊叙拉古附近的一个小村庄。他出生于贵族，与叙拉古的赫农王（King Hieron）有亲戚关系，家庭十分富有。阿基米德的父亲是天文学家兼数学家，学识渊博，为人谦逊。阿基米德受家庭的影响，从小就对数学、天文学特别是古希腊的几何学产生了浓厚的兴趣。当他刚满十一岁时，借助与王室的关系，被送到埃及的亚历山大里亚城去学习。亚历山大位于尼罗河口，是当时文化贸易的中心之一。这里有雄伟的博物馆、图书馆，而且人才荟萃，被世人誉为“智慧之都”。阿基米德在这里学习和生活了许多年，曾跟很多学者密切交往。他兼收并蓄了东方和古希腊的优秀文化遗产，在其后的科学生涯中作出了重大的贡献。公元前二一二年，古罗马军队入侵叙拉古，阿基米德被罗马士兵杀死，终年七十五岁。阿基米德的遗体葬在西西里岛，墓碑上刻着一个圆柱内切球的图形，以纪念他在几何学上的卓越贡献。 阿基米德的成就
阿基米德无可争议的是古代希腊文明所产生的最伟大的数学家及科学家，他在诸多科学领域所作出的突出贡献，使他赢得同时代人的高度尊敬。
阿基米德求得了抛物线弓形、螺线、圆形的面积和体积以及椭球体、抛物面体等复杂几何体的体积。在推演这些公式的过程中，他熟练的启用了“穷竭法”，即我们今天所说的逐步近似求极限的方法，因而被公认为微积分计算的鼻祖。他还利用此法估算出∏值在 和 之间，并得出了三次方程的解法。面对古希腊繁冗的数字表示方式，阿基米德提出了一套有重要意义的按级计算法，并利用它解决了许多数学难题。 阿基米德在力学方面的成绩最为突出，这些成就主要集中在静力学和流体静力学方面。他在研究机械的过程中，发现了杠杆原理，并利用这一原理设计制造了许多机械。他在研究浮体的过程中发现了浮力定律，也就是有名的阿基米德定律。
阿基米德在天文学方面也有出色的成就。他设计了一些圆球，用细绳和木棒将它们联接起来模仿日月和星辰的运动，并利用水力使它们转动。这样日食和月食就可以生动的表现出来了。阿基米德认为地球是圆球状的，并围绕着太阳旋转，这一观点比哥白尼的“日心地动说”要早一千八百年。限于当时的条件，他并没有就这个问题做深入系统的研究。但早在公元前三世纪就提出这样的见解，是很了不起的。 阿基米德的著作很多，作为数学家，他写出了《论球和圆柱》、《论劈锥曲面体与球体》、《抛物线求积》、《论螺线》等数学著作。作为力学家，他著有《论平板的平衡》、《论浮体》、《论杠杆》、《论重心》等力学著作。在《论平板的平衡》中，他系统地论证了杠杆原理。在论浮体中、他论证了浮体定律。
阿基米德不仅在理论上成就璀璨，还是一个富有实践精神的工程学家。他一生设计、制造了许多机构和机器，除了杠杆系统外，值得一提的还有举重滑轮、灌地机、扬水机以及军事上用的投射器等。被称作“阿基米德举水螺旋”的扬水机是为了将水从大船的船舱中排出而发明的。扬水机可以利用螺旋把搬运到高处，在埃及得到了广泛的应用，是现代螺旋泵的前身。 “给我一个支点，我将移动地球”
阿基米德不仅是个理论家，也是个实践家，他一生热衷于将其科学发现应用于实践，从而把二者结合起来。在埃及，公元前一千五百年前左右，就有人用杠杆来抬起重物，不过人们不知道它的道理。阿基米德潜心研究了这个现象并发现了杠杆原理。
赫农王对阿基米德的理论一向持半信半疑的态度。他要求阿基米德将它们变成活生生的例子以使人信服。阿基米德说：“给我一个支点，我就能移动地球。”国王说：“这恐怕实现不了，你还是来帮我拖动海岸上的那条大船吧。”这条船是赫农王为埃及国王制造的，体积大，相当重，因为不能挪动，搁浅在海岸上已经很多天了。阿基米德满口答应下来。 阿基米德设计了一套复杂的杠杆滑轮系统安装在船上，将绳索的一端交到赫农王手上。赫农王轻轻拉动绳索，奇迹出现了，大船缓缓地挪动起来，最终下到海里。国王惊讶之余，十分佩服阿基米德，并派人贴出告示“今后，无论阿基米德说什么，都要相信他。”
金冠之谜
赫农王让金匠替他做了一顶纯金的王冠，做好后，国王疑心工匠在金冠中掺了银子，但这顶金冠确与当初交给金匠的纯金一样重，到底工匠有没有捣鬼呢？既想检验真假，又不能破坏王冠，这个问题不仅难倒了国王，也使诸大臣们面面相觑。后来，国王将它交给了阿基米德。阿基米德冥思苦想出很多方法，但都失败了。有一天，他去澡堂洗澡，他一边坐进澡盆里，一边看到水往外溢，同时感到身体被轻轻拖起。他突然恍然大悟，跳出澡盆，连衣服都顾不得穿就直向王宫奔去，一路大声很着“尤里卡”， “尤里卡”（Fureka，我知道了）原来他想到，如果王冠放入水中后，排出的水量不等于同等重量的金子排出的水量，那肯定是掺了别的金属。这就是有名的浮力定律，既浸在液体中的物体受到向上的浮力，其大小等于物体所排出液体的重量。后来，该定律就被命名为阿基米德定律。
爱国者阿基米德
在阿基米德晚年时，罗马军队入侵叙拉古，阿基米德指导同胞们制造了很多攻击和防御的武器。当侵略军首领马塞勒塞率众攻城时，他设计的投石机把敌人打得哭爹喊娘。他制造的铁爪式起重机，能将敌船提起并倒转，抛至大海深处。传说他还率领叙拉古人民制作了一面大凹镜，将阳光聚焦在靠近的敌船上，使它们焚烧起来。罗马士兵在这频频的打击中已经心惊胆战，草木皆兵，一见到有绳索或木头从城里扔出，他们就惊呼“阿基米德来了”，随之抱头鼠窜。罗马军队被阻入城外达三年之久。最终，于公元前二一二年，罗马人趁叙拉古城防务稍有松懈，大举进攻闯入了城市。此时，阿基米德正在潜心研究一道深奥的数学题，一个罗马士兵闯入，用脚践踏他所画的图形，阿基米德愤怒地与之争论，残暴的士兵哪里肯听，只见他举刀一挥，一位璀璨的科学巨星就此陨落。
In addition to the great Newton and the great Albert Einstein, then no one like him to the progress of mankind has made such a big contribution. Even Newton and Einstein have all learned from him the wisdom and inspiration. He is a "theoretical and experimental genius genius combined in one embodiment of the ideal," he is the Archimedes Syracuse.
Archimedes Life
Archimedes (Archimedes, about 287-212 before), was born in Greece, near Syracuse, a small village. He was born in the aristocracy, and the Joseph Syracuse farmers Wang (King Hieron) the relationship between relatives, the family is very wealthy. Archimedes's father was an astronomer and mathematician, learned and humble man. Archimedes by the family, from childhood on mathematics, astronomy in particular the geometry of ancient Greece have had a keen interest. When he turned 11 years old, with the relationship with the royal family, was sent to Alexandria in Egypt to learn the city. Alexandria is located at the mouth of the Nile, was one of the cultural center of trade. Here are the magnificent museums, libraries, and a large pool of talent, was the world as "all wisdom." Archimedes studying and living here for many years, talked to a lot of close contacts between scholars. He enriched the East and the excellent cultural heritage of ancient Greece, in the subsequent scientific career has made a significant contribution.二一二年BC, the Roman army invaded Syracuse, Archimedes was killed by Roman soldiers, 75-year-old throughout the year. Archimedes's body buried in Sicily, a tombstone engraved cylindrical ball endonuclease graphics, to commemorate his outstanding contribution on the geometry. The achievements of Archimedes
Archimedes is indisputable that the ancient Greek civilization produced the greatest mathematicians and scientists in many fields of science, he made outstanding contributions to enable him to win the highly respected contemporaries.
Archimedes obtained the parabolic arch, spiral, circular area and volume as well as the ellipsoid, parabolic complex geometry and physical size. These formulas in the deduction process, the opening of his proficiency in the "exhaustion method", that is, we talked about today for the gradual approximation of the method of limits, which is recognized as the originator of calculus calculation. He also profit method to estimate the value of ∏, and between, and arrive at three equations. The face of the ancient Greek figures burdensome that way, Archimedes made a significance level calculated in accordance with law, and use it to solve many mathematical problems. Archimedes in the mechanical aspects of the most outstanding achievements, these achievements mainly concentrated in the statics and hydrostatics regard. He studied mechanical process, the discovery of the lever principle, and use this principle of design and manufacture a lot of machinery. In his study of the process of floating body found in the law of buoyancy, which is well-known law of Archimedes.
Archimedes in astronomy also have an excellent achievement. He designed a number of ball, using string and wooden linking them to imitate the sun and the stars of the campaign and the use of hydraulic so that they rotate. This solar eclipse and the eclipse will be a lively performance out. Archimedes that the earth is round and spherical, and rotating around the sun, the Copernican view than the "moving day carefully say"一千八百年earlier. Limited to conditions at that time, he did not do in-depth on this issue systematically studied. However, as early as the third century BC on such opinion, is very remarkable. Many of the works of Archimedes, as a mathematician, he wrote "On the ball and cylinder," "On the cleavage surface cone body with the ball", "parabolic quadrature", "On the spiral" and other mathematical works. As mechanics, and he author of "On the balance of flat-panel", "On Floating Bodies," "On the leverage," "On the center of gravity" works, such as mechanics. In "On the balance of flat," he systematically demonstrates the principle of leverage. In On Floating Bodies, he argues the law of the floating body.
Archimedes dazzling achievements, not only in theory or practice of the spirit of a wealthy engineers. His life the design, manufacture a number of bodies and machines, in addition to a lever system, worthy of mention are the weightlifting pulley, irrigation and machines, pumping machines, as well as military use, such as projectors. Known as the "Archimedes screw give water," the machine is pumping water from the cabin of the ship from the invention. Pumping machines can use the spiral to move to higher places, and in Egypt has been widely used, is the predecessor of the modern screw pump. "Give me a fulcrum, and I will move the Earth"
Archimedes not only a theorist, is also a practice at home, his life a keen interest in its scientific discovery applies to practice, so as to combine the two. In Egypt, BC一千五百年ago, people used leverage to lift heavy objects, but people do not know the truth. Archimedes studying this phenomenon and found that the principle of the lever.
Joseph Wang of Archimedes farmers has always been skeptical about the theory of attitude. He asked Archimedes to turn them into a living example to convincing. Archimedes said: "Give me a fulcrum, and I will be able to move the earth." King said: "This is probably fail to realize you to help me drag the coast of that ship it." This boat is Hyok agricultural Wang King manufactured for Egypt, bulky, very heavy, because they are unable to move, ran aground on the coast for many days. Archimedes满口答应down. Archimedes devised a complex lever pulley system installation on board, will be one end of a rope into the hands of Joseph Wang farmers. Joseph agricultural Wang gently pulling a rope, a miracle occurred, the ship slowly moved up, eventually down to the sea. Apart from the king surprised, very much appreciated the Archimedes, and he sent people to display notices "the future, no matter what Archimedes said, we should believe him."
Jinguan mystery
Joseph Wang farmers so that he has done a goldsmith for a gold crown, after doing a good job, and the king of suspicion artisans Jinguan doped in the silver, but the top Jinguan do with the original, like pure gold to the goldsmith's weight, artisans in the end there play a trick on them? Would like to test both true and false, and they do not damage the crown, this issue is not only deterred the king, but also all looked at each other ministers. Later, the king will give it to Archimedes. Archimedes冥思苦想a lot, but have failed. One day, he went to Bath to bathe, he got into the bathtub, the side to see the water to spill, while the body is being gently拖起. He suddenly understood why, out of bathtub, and even gave clothes to wear on the vertical palace ran, very loudly all the way forward, "Eureka", "Eureka" (Fureka, I know) that he thought that if the crown Add water, the discharged water does not mean the same weight of gold from the water, then it must surely be the other metal-doped. This is a well-known law of buoyancy, both immersed in liquid objects by the upward buoyancy of objects by their size equivalent to the weight of the liquid discharges. Later, the law was named Archimedes law.
Patriot Archimedes
In later years, when Archimedes, the Roman army invaded Syracuse, Archimedes fellow guide created a lot of offensive and defensive weapons. When the invading army chief马塞勒塞率众siege, he designed the trebuchet哭爹喊娘the enemy. He manufactured铁爪cranes, able to initiate and敌船reverse, throw to the ocean depths. Legend of the people he led Syracuse produced a large concave mirror to focus the sun near the敌船on so that they burned up. Roman soldiers in this frequently in the fight against terror has been,草木皆兵, a rope or wood to see the throw from the city, they would exclaim, "Archimedes is coming", with the attendant抱头鼠窜. Roman army into the city outside was blocked for three years. Ultimately,二一二年BC, the Romans take advantage of Syracuse City be slightly less vigilant defense, large-scale offensive into the cities. At this time, Archimedes is studying together with sophisticated mathematical problems, a Roman soldier entered, with their feet and trampled his painting graphics, Archimedes angry with controversy, where brutal soldiers listen, I saw him举刀wave, a bright star this fall of science.

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