常见形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则

常见形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则
常见形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则

常见形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则
easy easier easiest
lazy lazier laziest
pretty prettier prettiest
naughty naughtier naughtiest
mealy mealier mealiest
early earlier earliest
thirsty thirstier thirstiest
Dull—duller--dullest
Loud-louder--loudest
Boring—more boring—most boring
Creative—more creative—most creative
Warm---warmer--warmest
Expensive—more expensive—most expensive
high,higher,highest large,larger,largest
wet, wetter,wettest busy,busier,busiest
delicious,more delicious,most delicious
heavy,heavier,heaviest
dry,drier,driest
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级.
1.原级的构成和用法
1)构成:形容词、副词的原级形式是形容词、副词的原形.
2)用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as+原级形容词或副词+as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not so(as)+原级形容词或副词+as”的结构.例如:Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Liu. This building looks not so(as) high as that one. I’ll try to earn as much as Tom.
2.比较级和最高级的构成和用法
1)比较级和最高级的构成:
①单音节形容词以及少数以er,ow结尾的形容词和副词加“er”,“est”.例如:great,greater,greatest;fast,faster,fastest;clever,cleverer,cleverest;narrow,narrower,narrowest
②以e结尾的单音节形容词和副词,以及少数以ble,ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后,加“r”,“st”.例如:large,larger,largest;able,abler,ablest;simple,simpler,simplest
③以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节形容词,其前的元音字母发短元音时,该辅音字母要双写,然后加“er”,“est”.例如:hot,hotter,hottest;big,bigger,biggest
④以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加ly构成的副词,要将y改为i,再加“er”,“est”.例如:easy,easier,easiest;early,earlier,earliest
⑤一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加more或most.例如:beautiful,more beautiful,most beautiful;carefully,more carefully,most carefully
⑥少数单音节形容词如real,glad,fond,tired,pleased等也加more和most构成比较级和最高级.例如:tired,more tired;most tired,pleased,more pleased,most pleased.
⑦下列形容词与副词的比较级和最高级有两种构成方法:
crueler cruelest oftener oftenest
cruel{ often{
more cruel most cruel more often most often
stricter strictest friendlier friendliest
strict{ friendly{
more strict most strict more friendly most friendly
⑧下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成不规则:good(well),better,best;bad(ill,badly),worse,worst;many(much),more,most;little,less,least
farther farthest
far{
further furthest
old elder/older eldest/oldest
2)两种比较级(最高级)形式用法上的差别:
older oldest
old{
elder eldest
elder和eldest主要用来表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系,elder不与than连用.例如:She is the eldest of the three(sisters).(She is the eldest sister.) My elder brother is two years older than me. I am his eldest daughter(son).
farther farthest
far {
further furthest
further和furthest也是far的比较级和最高级,但现在furthest用得较少,而further除了表示距离等“较远”之外,还有“进一步”的意思.例如:No further dis-cussion is necessary.没有必要作进一步的讨论.Don’t make any changes till further notice.在另有通知之前,不要做任何变动.
later latest
late{
latter last
later指时间上的“后来;稍后”,而latter指顺序上的“后者”,与the连用.例如:See you later. Betty and Susan are both my girl friends;the former(前者)is slim(瘦)and the latter is plump(胖).
注意:latter常指一段时间的“下一半”.例如:the latter half of the month下半月.latest指时间上的“最迟的、最近的”;last指顺序上“最后的”.例如:one’s latest works某人最近的作品,the last month of the year一年的最后一个月.
A more和most的用法相当自由：
You should ride more．
你必须多骑马.
I use this room most．
这个房间我用得最多.
但当much是原级时,使用范围较小.
B much意为a lot（许多）时可修饰表示否定意思的动词：
He doesn’t ride much nowadays．
现在他不太骑马了.
在表示疑问的句子里much主要与how连用.在没有how的疑问句中可用much,但a lot更常见：
How much has he ridden?
他骑马多吗?
Has he ridden a lot/much?
他近来常骑马吗?
在肯定句中as/so/too＋much是可以的.在没有as/so/too的情况下,肯定句中用a lot/a good deal/a great deal会更好：
He shouts so much that…
他叫喊的太厉害了,以至于……
I talk too much．
我说得太多了.
但是说：
He rides a lot/a great deal．
他常骑马.
C very much意为greatly（非常）时,在肯定句中使用比较广泛.
常和它一起用的词有blame（责备）,praise（赞扬）,thank（感谢）及一些表达感情的动词：admire（钦佩）,amuse（使娱悦）,approve（赞成）,dislike（不喜欢）,distress（使烦恼）,enjoy（喜爱）,impress（使有深刻印象）,like（喜欢）,object（反对）,shock（震惊）,surprise（使惊奇）等等：
Thank you very much．
非常感谢你.
They admired him very much．
他们很钦佩他.
She objects very much to the noise they make．
她非常反对他们弄出的噪音.
much（=greatly非常）可以和very连用,也可以省去very而与下列分词连用：admired（受钦佩的）,amused（娱悦的）,dis－liked（不受喜欢的）,distressed（烦恼的）, impressed（留有……印象的）,liked（受喜欢的）,shocked（被震惊的）,struck（受巨大影响的）,upset（心烦意乱的）.
He was（very） much admired．
他很受人钦佩.
She was （very） much impressed by their good manners．
他们彬彬有礼,给她留下了深深的影响.
D much意为a lot（许多）时能够修饰形容词的比较级和最高级及动词：
much better好多了
much the best最最好
much more quickly快多了
much too可与形容词的原级连用：
He spoke much too fast．
他说话说得太快了.
E most放在形容词或副词之前,有“很”的意思.主要与双音节或多音节形容词/副词连用：
He was most apologetic．
他已表示十分的歉意了.
She behaved most generously．
她的行为非常慷慨大度.

通常比较级加er,最高级加est.以e结尾的加r或st。闭音节双写最后一个字母加er,est.还有一些特殊的需记忆