英语强调句,倒装句结构用英文举例

英语强调句,倒装句结构用英文举例
英语强调句,倒装句结构
用英文举例

英语强调句,倒装句结构用英文举例
强调句：
在英文中,句子的主语、宾语、状语都可以写进一定的句式里以表示对它的强调.
它们是:
1. It is / was 被强调的部分 that ( who, which ) 句子的其他部分,
2. What … is / was …这种句式就称为强调句.强调句主要有两种形式：
1. It is/was 被强调的部分 that(who,which) 句子的其他部分
下面我们以两个句子为例来演示强调句的构成.如：
1）Western health-care system are spending huge sums of money on the surgical treatment 主语 宾语 of the disease.状语西方国家医疗保健机构在心脏病的手术治疗上开支巨大.
强调主语
It is Western health-care system that (which) are spending huge sums of money on the surgical treatment of the disease. 正是西方国家医疗保健机构,在心脏病的手术治疗上开支巨大.
强调宾语
It is huge sums of money that ( which ) Western health-care system are spending on the surgical treatment of the disease. 西方国家医疗保健机构在心脏病的手术治疗上,开支确实是巨大的.
强调状语
It is on the surgical treatment of the disease that Western health- care system are spending huge sums of money.西方国家医疗保健机构,就是在心脏病的手术治疗上付出了巨大的开支.
2）Ann Peters’ husband rushed her to a nearby hospital last night. 主语 宾语 状语昨晚,安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送她去四周医院.
强调主语
It was Ann Peters' husband that (who) rushed her to a nearby hospital last night.
昨晚,正是安妮.彼德的丈夫,立即送她去了四周医院.
强调宾语
It was her (she) that (who) Ann Peters' husband rushed to a nearby hospital last night.昨晚安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送的是她,去四周医院.
强调状语
It was to a nearby hospital that Ann Peters' husband rushed her last night.昨晚安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送她去的就是一家四周的医院.
强调状语
It was last night that Ann Peters' husband rushed her to a nearby hospital.就是在昨晚,安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送她去四周医院.
要点提示：
1）当原句叙述的是现在或者将来发生的事情用"It is … that…"的句式（如 例句1）；当原句叙述的是过去发生的事情则用"It was … that… " 的句式（如例句2）.
2）在这种强调句式中,一般用that引出句子的其他部分.假如被强调的部分是表示人的意义的名词时,可以用who代替that引出句子的其他部分；假如被强调的部分是表示事物意义的名词时,可以用which代替that引出句子的其他部分.但是,无论被强调的部分是表示地点、还是表示时间意义的名词,都不可以用where 或者when .例如：
It is that man who (that) is teaching our English.（就是那个人教我们英语.）
It was my telephone number which (that) Miss White happened to know.
怀特小姐碰巧知道的就是我的电话号码.
It is in front of the religious leader that the bride and groom stand together to be married.新郎、新娘通常就是一起站在宗教头领面前举行结婚.2）假如被强调的部分是人称代词,应该用该人称代词的主格形式；在口语或非正式文体中也可以用其宾格形式.
It was she (her) who told the police.就是她报告警察的.
It was you who we were talking about.我们刚刚谈论的就是你.
3）没有强调句子谓语的强调句,但有其通常的强调手段：do / does / did 动词原形 .例如：
I do believe that he is an honest man. 我的确相信他是老实人.
She does like literature. 她确实喜欢文学.
They did go to see you yesterday, but failed to meet you.
他们昨天的确去看过你,但没见到你.
4）What … is / was …
"What … is / was …"是名词从句结构,也是强调句的另一种构成形式.它常用来强调主语、宾语.假如所叙述的是现在或者将来发生的事情用"What is … that…"的句式；假如所叙述的是过去发生的事情用"What was … that…"的句式.例如：
What he wishes most is to become a pilot.（强调宾语）
他最希望的是成为一名飞行员.
What interested me most in that movie was the beautiful scenery of Alps. （强调主语）那部电影使我最感爱好的是阿尔裨斯山那漂亮的风景.
What I like is her speaking manner. （强调宾语）
我喜欢的是她说话的风度.
What encouraged us was the example he set for us. （强调主语）
给予我们鼓励的是他为我们树立的榜样.
倒装句：
英语的基本语序是“主语 谓语”,假如将谓语的一部分或全部放在主语之前,这种语序叫倒装.倒装既是一种语法手段,也是一种修辞手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分.
一、倒装的原因
A． 语法倒装
由于语法结构的需要,将谓语的全部或一部分移到主语之前.
1． 一般疑问句
当我们把一个肯定句转变为疑问句时,常把肯定句中的助动词或情态动词放在句首.这类助动词或情态动词包括：be, have, can, do, shall, will, may, must, dare, need, ought或 used 等.
He will do it.
——Will he do it 他会做这件事吗?
This is my mobile phone number.
——Is this your mobile phone number? 这是你的手机号码吗?
提示：
假如肯定句中没有助动词或情态动词时, 我们可以在句首用do 的某种形式, 以构成倒装语序.
Jack likes to eat fish. 杰克喜欢吃鱼.
——Does Jack like to eat fish 杰克喜欢吃鱼吗?
2．非凡疑问句
非凡疑问句的构成：非凡疑问词 一般疑问句
What does he like to eat? 他喜欢吃什么?
When will they go to the Great Wall? 他们什么时候去长城?
Where did you go last night? 昨晚你去哪里了?
提示：假如疑问代词在句中做主语,句子不要倒装.
Who is not coming to dinner tonight 今晚谁不来吃饭?
3. 反意问句
在反意问句中,用一般疑问句的形式,前后两分句的主语,人称要一致.前一分句是肯定,反意问句用否定形式,并一定要缩写；前一分句是否定, 反意问句用肯定形式.
Everything is ready, isn't it 一切都预备好了,是吗?
Bobbie seldom got drunk, did he 博比很少喝醉,是吗?
You had a wonderful time last night, didn't you 昨天晚上你玩得很愉 快,是吗?
4．感叹句
英语中的感叹句有时也通过倒装的形式来表达.
Here comes Santa Clause! 圣诞老人来啦!（谓语前置）
What bad manners they have! 他们真没礼貌!（宾语前置）
How happy the children are!孩子们多么幸福啊!（表语前置）
5. 某些含有“really”意义的简短表达,也用倒装语序,但它们并不需要任何回答.
--- Elsa saw a snake last night. 埃尔莎昨天晚上看到一条蛇.
--- Did she 真的吗?
--- Our new boss is very easygoing. 我们的新老板人很随和.
--- Is he 是吗?
--- Philip has already finished his report. 菲利普已经完成了他的报告.
--- Has he 真的吗?
6．以引导词there引起的陈述句
There was nobody in the room. 房间里没有人. In the valley there lies a river. 山谷里有一条河.
There is no harm in trying. 不妨一试.
7．虚拟条件句
①在虚拟语气中,假如不用if,且从句中有were, had, should等助动词,需将助动词were, had, should放在句首,用倒装语序.
If I were a bird, I could fly freely.
——Were I a bird, I could fly freely. 假如我是一只小鸟,我就能自由翱翔.
If I had known it earlier, I would have lent him the money.
——Had I known it earlier, I wouldn誸 have lent him the money. 要是我早知道这件事,我就不会把钱借给他了．
②表示祝愿的一些句子
Long live peace! 和平万岁!
May our friendship be ever lasting! 愿我们的友谊长存!
8．直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时
You should have been here five minutes ago,said the teacher. 老师说：“你5分钟之前就该来了.” Douglas,said the teacher, do be careful next time.“道格拉斯,”老师说道,“下次一定要小心.”
B. 修辞倒装
为了突出重要的内容,或为了生动地描写动作,人们往往采用修辞倒装.
1．为了强调
Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景.
Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有用这种方法,我们才能学好英语.
Selfish does our life make us students. 是生活把我们的学生变得如此自私.
2．为了生动流畅
Up went the rocket into the sky. 嗖的一声火箭上了天.
Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 我们面前有很多困难.
Happy are those who are contented. 知足者常乐.
Next came a man in his forties. 接下去进来一个四十多岁的男人.
Long did we wait before hearing from her. 我们等了很久才收到她的信. C. 一些句型的固定用法
Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这样.
Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang. 我一到家,电话就响了.
How came it that she knew the secret 她怎么会知道那个秘密的?
二、 倒装的种类
英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面.假如将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,这称之为完全倒装.假如只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前,谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面,这称之为部分倒装.
A. 完全倒装
完全倒装是将谓语的全部放在主语之前,此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时两种.
On her left sat her husband. 她左边坐着她丈夫.
Here is the book you want. 你要的书在这儿.
Down went the small boat. 小船沉下去了.
B. 部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分,如助动词或情态动词,移至主语之前.
Only by working hard can one succeed. 只有努力才能成功.
Never have I seen her before. 我以前没见过她.
提示：假如句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前.
Well do I remember the day I joined the League.入团的那一天,我记忆犹新.
Little did I think that he could be back alive 我没有想到他竟能活着回来.