英语容易混淆的词总结

英语容易混淆的词总结
英语容易混淆的词总结

英语容易混淆的词总结
1. come & be here
[误] He has come here for three hours.
[正] He came here three hours ago.
[正] He has been here for three hours.
come是瞬间动词,不是延续性动词,在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用.而要与表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用延续动词.
与此同类的还有borrow/lend-keep; join-be in/at; die-be dead; buy-have; leave-be away,etc.
2. cost & take & spend & pay
[误] I cost a lot of time to read stories.
[正] It cost me a lot of time to read stories.
[正] I spent a lot of time reading stories.
cost除了钱的花费以外,还能表示时间上的花费,但常用物做主语.spend句子主语是人,可指花费时间和金钱,但后面的动词要用-ing形式,后面也可跟名词短语,介词用on.pay句子主语是人,常与for连用,buy也常与for连用,但花费“钱”要放在介词for后面,而pay则放在介词for前面.
3. join & take part in
[误] He joined the League for two years.
[正] He joined the League two years ago.
[正] He has been in the League for two years.
[正] He has been a League member for two years.
join指“参加”组织,成为一个成员,join sb.意思是“加入某人”,take part in指参加活动特别是大的运动；如指“参加…多长时间”就要用延续动词be in或be a …member,而不能用join.
4. borrow & lend & keep
[误] She has lent me the book for a week.
[正] She lent me the book a week ago.
[正] It’s a week since she lent me the book.
borrow和lend是短暂性动词,在肯定句里不和表示一段时间的状语连用,keep延续动词,可与表示一段时间的状语连用.
borrow意思是“借(进)”,后面跟介词from,lend意思是“借(出)”,后面跟介词to,lend也可用于某些成语中,如lend sb. a hand.
5. lie & lay & lain
[误] She laid down the book and laid in bed.
[正] She laid down the book and lay in bed.
lie有两个意思,一个是“说谎”,过去式和过去分词是在词尾加-d；另一个是“躺,卧；位于”,是不规则动词,其过去式和过去分词是lay、lain,现在分词是lying.
lay意思是“放；孵(蛋)”,其过去式和过去分词是laid、laid.
6. be made in & be made of & be made from & be made up of
[误] The table is made from wood.
[正] The table is made of wood.
be made in意思是“由……生产”,强调产地；be made of意思是“用……制成”,强调从成品上能看出原料,制成物没改变原料的本质；be made from意思也是“用……制成”,强调从制成物上看不出原料,制成物已改变原料的本质；be made up of意思是“由……构成或组成”,指人或物都可,指结构成分.
7. stop to do & stop doing
[误] He was too tired, so he stopped having a rest.
[正] He was too tired, so he stopped to have a rest.
[误] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop to talk.
[正] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop talking.
stop to do意思是“停下(正做的事)(开始)去做(别的某事)”,带to的不定式在句子中作目的状语；stop doing意思“停止做某事(不做了)”,带-ing形式的动名词在句子中作宾语.

一、容易混淆的动词：
[考试说明] 了解及物动词和不及物动词用法；掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语以及疑问词连用构成不定式短语的基本用法；理解动词不定式作主语和定语的用法；初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在用法上的区别等.
1. come & be here
[误] He has come here for three hours.
[正] He came here three hours ago.
[正] He has been here for three hours.
come是瞬间动词,不是延续性动词,在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用.而要与表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用延续动词.
与此同类的还有borrow/lend-keep; join-be in/at; die-be dead; buy-have; leave-be away,etc.
2. cost & take & spend & pay
[误] I cost a lot of time to read stories.
[正] It cost me a lot of time to read stories.
[正] I spent a lot of time reading stories.
cost除了钱的花费以外,还能表示时间上的花费,但常用物做主语.spend句子主语是人,可指花费时间和金钱,但后面的动词要用-ing形式,后面也可跟名词短语,介词用on.pay句子主语是人,常与for连用,buy也常与for连用,但花费“钱”要放在介词for后面,而pay则放在介词for前面.
3. join & take part in
[误] He joined the League for two years.
[正] He joined the League two years ago.
[正] He has been in the League for two years.
[正] He has been a League member for two years.
join指“参加”组织,成为一个成员,join sb.意思是“加入某人”,take part in指参加活动特别是大的运动；如指“参加…多长时间”就要用延续动词be in或be a …member,而不能用join.
4. borrow & lend & keep
[误] She has lent me the book for a week.
[正] She lent me the book a week ago.
[正] It’s a week since she lent me the book.
borrow和lend是短暂性动词,在肯定句里不和表示一段时间的状语连用,keep延续动词,可与表示一段时间的状语连用.
borrow意思是“借(进)”,后面跟介词from,lend意思是“借(出)”,后面跟介词to,lend也可用于某些成语中,如lend sb. a hand.
5. lie & lay & lain
[误] She laid down the book and laid in bed.
[正] She laid down the book and lay in bed.
lie有两个意思,一个是“说谎”,过去式和过去分词是在词尾加-d；另一个是“躺,卧；位于”,是不规则动词,其过去式和过去分词是lay、lain,现在分词是lying.
lay意思是“放；孵(蛋)”,其过去式和过去分词是laid、laid.
6. be made in & be made of & be made from & be made up of
[误] The table is made from wood.
[正] The table is made of wood.
be made in意思是“由……生产”,强调产地；be made of意思是“用……制成”,强调从成品上能看出原料,制成物没改变原料的本质；be made from意思也是“用……制成”,强调从制成物上看不出原料,制成物已改变原料的本质；be made up of意思是“由……构成或组成”,指人或物都可,指结构成分.
7. stop to do & stop doing
[误] He was too tired, so he stopped having a rest.
[正] He was too tired, so he stopped to have a rest.
[误] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop to talk.
[正] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop talking.
stop to do意思是“停下(正做的事)(开始)去做(别的某事)”,带to的不定式在句子中作目的状语；stop doing意思“停止做某事(不做了)”,带-ing形式的动名词在句子中作宾语.二、容易混淆的名词：
[考试说明] 了解名词在句中所充当的成分,理解并能区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词；熟练掌握所学可数名词复数形式的构成,在口语和书面语的表达中正确运用；掌握物质名词及其数量的表达方法；了解专有名词的概念及一般用法；熟练掌握所学名词所有格的用法；了解集合名词和抽象名词的概念及一般用法.
1. job & work
[误] I’m busy today, for I have a lot of jobs to do.
[正] I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.
job意思是a piece of work,指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作,实际含义是“职业”,而work通常指抽象意义上的工作,是不可数名词,也可指“工作场所”.
2. by train & change trains
[误] We came here by the train.
[正] We came here by train.
[正] We came here on/in the train.
[误] We have to change the train at the next station.
[正] We have to change trains at the next station.
train意思是“火车”,表示“乘火车”,用by train或on/ the train,表示“换火车”,train必须用复数形式,且前面不加限定词.
三、容易混淆的形容词：
[考试说明] 熟练掌握形容词作定语、表语及宾语补足语的用法；熟练掌握表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因等疑问副词的用法；熟练掌握形容词、副词比较等级的构成和 good、well、many、much等不规则变化；掌握little、far、ill、bad、badly等不规则变化；能熟练运用下列句型表示两者 (人或事物)和三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较；初步掌握用much、little等副词在用法上的区别.
1. any & some
[误] Have you got some money with you?
[正] Have you got any money with you?
[误] Would you like any milk?
[正] Would you like some milk?
any和some意思是“一些”,用作定语,可修饰可数名词和不可数名词.any多用于否定句和疑问句,some多用于肯定句.
但如果说话人表示“请求,提议”或“希望得到肯定回答”的意义时,some也可用在疑问句中；some还可用于单数名词前,表示未知或说话人不想特别说明的人、地、物等,意思是“某一,某个”.
如果表示“任何,无论哪个”时,any可用在肯定句中.
2. either & each & both & neither & every
[误] There are many flowers on either side of the street.
[误] There are many flowers on neither side of the street.
[误] There are many flowers on each sides of the street.
[正] There are many flowers on both sides of the street.
[正] There are many flowers on each side of the street.
[误] Every student has not finished their homework.
[正] No student has finished their homework.
either意思是“两者之一的”,each意思是“任意一个的”,neither意思是“两者都不的”,every强调整体,意思是“个个”.
3. few/little & a few /a little
[误] Sorry, I have few money on me.
[正] Sorry, I have little money on me.
[误] Her books are few.
[正] She has few books.
[误] The work needs a few number of workers.
[正] The work needs a small number of workers.
[正] The work needs a few workers.
few后跟可数名词复数,little后跟不可数名词,都表示“几乎没有”的否定性意思；a few和a little区别也在于前者跟可数名词,后者跟不可数名词,都表示“有几个”的肯定性意思.
4. no & not
no意思是“没有”,可以否定一切名词,修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数时等于not any,修饰可数名词单数时等于not a/an；如果被修饰的名词通常情况下只有一个,则用它的单数形式；不能用a、the、all、every等限制词之前,而not可以.
not意思是“不,不是”,可以否定一切动词,修饰动词.
no more than意思是“不过,仅仅”,相当于only,修饰“数量”词,强调“少”的含义；not more than意思是“至多,不多于,不超过”,用于陈述事实；no more…than和not more…than多用于多音节形容词的比较级.
5. already & yet & still
[误] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off yet.
[正] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off already.
[正] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had already taken off.
already意思是“已经”,一般用于肯定句,常与完成时连用,常用于句中；yet意思是“已经,还”,一般用于否定句和疑问句,常用于句末；still意思是“仍然,还是”,强调动作在进行,主要用于肯定句,常用于句中.
6. also & too & either & so & neither & nor
[误] My parents didn’t like swimming, nor did his.
[正] My parents didn’t like swimming, neither did his.
also用于肯定句,一般放在行为动词之前、助动词、情态动词、系动词之后,too一般用于肯定句末,前面常用逗号；either一般用于否定句末,前面也用逗号；so置于句首,引起句子倒装,表示前面所讲的情况也适用于另一个人或物,具有否定的意思；so后的主语与前一句主语是同一个人或物时,后面的主谓不倒装,表示“确实如此”；neither置于句首,引起句子倒装,表示前面所讲的情况不适用于另一个人或物,具有否定的意思；nor常与 not连用,表示“也不”,neither和nor都可用来对前面的否定陈述加以补充,如果补充的成分否定的不是同一事物,同一内容,就只能用nor,不可用neither；当否定的并列分句有两个以上时,只能用nor,因为neither只能指两者中的一个,nor指三个以上的另一个.
7. sometimes & sometime & some time & some times
[误] You can only keep the book for sometime.
[正] You can only keep the book for some time.
sometimes是频度副词,意思是“有时,不时”,常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用；sometime是副词,意思是“在某个不确定的时间,在某个时候,某时”,可与将来时或过去时连用；some time是名词词组,意思是“一段时间”,做时间状语,也可用作副词词组,用来指一个未肯定的时刻,常指将来,此时可与sometime通用；some times是名词词组,意思是“几次,几倍”.
四、容易混淆的介词：
[考试说明] 熟练掌握介词in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、before的常见用法；理解这11个介词的其他用法及所学其他介词的一般用法.
1. above & over; below & under
[误] Our classroom is over theirs.
[正] Our classroom is above theirs.
[误] The plane flew above the bridge.
[正] The plane flew over the bridge.
[误] The lights hung above the desk.
[正] The lights hung over the desk.
above、over都表示“在…上面”,且都表示表面不接触的上方,但over指垂直在上,而above则表示位置较高,不一定是正上方.
below、under都表示“在…下面”,below指位置低于某物或在某物的下方,但不一定在某物的正下方,其反义词是above,而under指在某物的正下方,有垂直在下的意思,其反义词是over.
2. by & on & over & through
[误] They’re talking on the radio.
[正] They’re talking by radio.
“通过无线电交谈”习惯上说talk by radio,名词前不加冠词.
“通过收音机听到”习惯上说hear sth. on/over/through the radio,名词前加冠词.
“通过电视看到”习惯上说watch sth. on TV.
“通过电话交谈”习惯上说talk with sb. on/over the telephone.
“通过人造卫星收发电视节目”习惯上说through man-made satellites.
3. in & on & to
[误] Tian wan is to the east of China.
[误] Tian wan is on the east of China.
[正] Tian wan is in the east of China.
表示方位“在……(东西南北)边)时,介词in、on、to有不同的用法.以“在……东部”为例,表示在该地范围之内,用in the east of,表示在该地与某地“相邻”,有接壤之意,用on the east of,表示不在该地范围,且有中间物,用to the east of.
4. in the end & at the end of & by the end of & at last
都有“最后”的意思,但in the end表示“结果,末了”,与at last是同义词组,at the end of表示“在……末端,尽头”,后面要接名词短语,by the end of表示“在……结束时,末了为止”,后面接时间短语.
5. to & for & toward(s)
[误] He is leaving to HongKong next month.
[正] He is leaving for HongKong next month.
to,toward(s)作静态介词,表示静态位置时,均表示“朝……”或“向……”,一般两者可通用,towards指时间“将近”,意思是 nearly；to则表示一段时间的终点,“差……到”的意思；for常用在leave、start等后面,表示要去的目的地,不可用to.
五、容易混淆的连词：
[考试说明] 掌握并列连词(如：and、but、or)和从属连词(如：when、if、that等)的基本用法.
1. because & since & as & for
[误] Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school today.
[正] Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school today.
[正] He didn’t go to school today because he was ill.
because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是正式的理由.在含because的句子中,全句强调的重点在原因上,不在主句的结果上.因此,回答why提出的问题时,只能用because,不能用since、as或for.because of后面只能跟短语,不能跟从句.
since表示的原因,指人们已知的事实,常译为“既然”,引导的从句只是一种附带的说明原因,不是对原因的强调.because与since不能与so连用.
as表示原因与since差别不大,只是语气更弱,是显而易见的理由.
for表示因果关系时,可与because替换使用,所不同的只是它只能放在主句之后,不能放在句首.在含for的句子里,for从句有时只是对主句补充说明理由或推断原因,与前一分句不存在因果关系.
2.either…or… & neither…nor… & not only…but also… & both…and…
[误] Either he or I are right.
[正] Either he or I am right.
前三个连词连接名词、代词等作主语时,谓语动词要与离其最近的主语的单复数一致,both…and…的谓语动词则要用复数.
六、容易混淆的代词：
[考试说明] 熟练掌握人称代词主格、宾格形式及基本用法,在口语和书面语的表达中正确运用；掌握形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的基本用法；掌握反身代词作为宾语和同位语的基本用法；熟练掌握指示代词和疑问代词的基本用法.
1. either & each & none & neither & both & all & some
[误] Either of the books are good.
[正] Either of the books is good.
either/ each / none / neither of+复数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数, 其中neither的也可用复数；both/ all /some of+复数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数

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