求英语介词的用法 特别是for和to和of的区别

求英语介词的用法 特别是for和to和of的区别
求英语介词的用法 特别是for和to和of的区别

求英语介词的用法 特别是for和to和of的区别
for to of from 的区别
介词for基本可以归纳为以下几点:
1. The period between 1905 and 1915 was important one for Einstein.
for"对……来说"(利益)
All for one, and one for all. 人人为我,我为人人.
Smoking is not good for the health. 吸烟有害健康.
2. Einstein received worldwide praise for his scientific research.
for"由于"(理由,原因)
She was angry with him for being late. 她生气是因为他迟到.
3. In 1933, Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA.
for"向,往……"(方向,目的地)
This ship is for San Francisco. 这艘船是开往旧金山的.
4. ... but asked for very little money.
for"目的,追求"(以……为目的,为了得到……)
What is this for? 这是做什么用的?
She does aerobics for her figure. 为了保持身材,她做有氧运动.
5. He once refused to speak on the radio for $1,000 a minute.
for"交换,抵偿报酬"(以……的金额,与……交换……)
She took the blouse back to the store and changed it for another. 她把这件短上衣拿回店里换另一件.
I bought this set of coffee cups for $20. 我花了20美元购买这套咖啡杯.
6. Another time, someone saw him using a cheque for $1,500 as a bookmark.
for"面值……"
She handed me a bill for $100. 她给了我一张100美元的帐单.
介词of用法
1: 表示剥夺,除去
clarify the river of flowing rubbish
2: of接直接宾语
remind sb. of his duties
3: of接间接宾语
ask a question of sb
4: of表示人物的特性,籍贯,特性或出生等
He is of Irish descend
5: 固定词组
The room smells of stale cabbage.
to的用法
一：表示相对,针对
be strange to
二：表示对比,比较
1：以-ior结尾的形容词,后接介词to表示比较
senior,junior
2: 一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词
A is similar to B in many ways.
3：表示一些先后顺序的形容词
they returned to their hometown
4: to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较
compare to sth.
5: to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,
Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner.
三: 表示修饰关系
1: 表示回复,反应意思的词
answer to question
2: 表示建筑构件的词汇
the approach to science
3: 表示人物职位和官衔的词
assistant to manager
4: 表示权利和许可的词汇
Everyone has an equal right to
5: 表示栅栏或障碍的词汇
the barrier to progress
6: 表示与书籍,文本相关的词
introduction to passage
7: 表示恭喜或是祝贺
Let’s drink to Dick’s success in business
8: 另外还有一些名词符合这种用法,有的具有两者息息相关,缺一不可的含义
guide to action
四: to还具有依据,伴随,和着节奏的含义
sing to piano
（一）：表示相关联,相连接
be related to
（二）：表示反对和赞同
1：to引导的表示反对,抗拒,对抗意义的词组
Be opposed to
2: to引导的表示同意,赞同意义的词组
The employer consented to give him a salary raise
3: 表示投降,屈服,服从的含义
confess to
五: 表示趋势或倾向,
tend to
六: 表示对事情的坚持与执着
He still holds on to his original views
七: 表示约束,局限
limit to
八: 表示一种习惯或是一种适应性
get (be) to
九: 表示起因和原由
due to
十: 表示目的或结果
lead to
1.动词+from
a)动词+ from
come from来自,date from追溯, depart from违背, die from死于, escape from逃出,fall from自…跌落, hang from垂挂, hear from收到来信,learn from向某人学习, return from自某地返回,rise from自…冒出, result from起因于, suffer from忍受.
b)动词+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place
borrow from向…借, choose from选自, excuse from免除, keep from阻止做,prevent from不准做, protect from不受…之害, receive from收到,remove from移动；除去, save from保全；拯救, separate from分离开来,stop from阻止.
2. be +形容词+ from
be absent from缺席,be different from与众不同, be far from更不用说, be hidden from躲避,be made from用…制成, be tired from因…而疲倦.
3.from…to…
from bad to worse每况愈下,from beginning to end自始至终,from cover to cover从头到尾,from China to Peru到处,from day to day一天一天地,from door to door挨家挨户,from end to end从头至尾,from first to last自始至终,from hand to mouth勉强糊家,from head to foot从头到脚,from mouth to mouth广泛流传,from sun to sun从日出到日落,from start to finish从头开始,from top to toe从头到脚,from time to time不时地,from top to bottom彻底地.
其它介词知识点精讲
介词口诀：自从以当为按照,由于对于为了到；和跟把比在关于,除了同对向往朝；用在名词代词前,修饰名代要记牢..
1.表示地点位置的介词
1)at ,in, on, to,for
at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁边”
in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”.
on 表示毗邻,接壤,“在……上面”.
to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤；或“到……”
2)above, over, on 在……上
above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对；
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触.
on表示某物体上面并与之接触.
The bird is flying above my head.
There is a bridge over the river.
He put his watch on the desk.
3)below, under 在……下面
under表示在…正下方
below表示在……下,不一定在正下方
There is a cat under the table.
Please write your name below the line.
4)in front [frant]of, in the front of在……前面
in front of…意思是“在……前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在……的后面）.
There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉.)
in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”,即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…（在……范围内的后部）.
There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.
我们的教室前边有一块黑板.
Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.
我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里)
5）beside,behind
beside 表示在……旁边
behind 表示在……后面
2.表示时间的介词
1)in , on,at 在……时
in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等.
如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等.
on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚.
如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等.
at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等.
如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment等.
注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词.如：We meet every day.
2)in, after 在……之后
“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；
“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；
“after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后.
3)from, since 自从……
from仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久；
since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用.since表示"自（某具体时间）以来",常用作完成时态谓语的时间状语.
since liberation（1980）自从解放（1980年）以来 They have been close friends since childhood．
他们从小就是好朋友. （1）since the war是指"自从战争结束以来",若指"自从战争开始以来",须说"since the beginning of the war".
（2）不要将since与after混淆.
比较：He has worked here since 1965．（指一段时间,强调时间段）自从1965年以来,他一直在这儿工作.
He began to work here after 1965．
（指一点时间,强调时间点）从1965年以后,他开始在这儿工作.
4)after, behind 在……之后
after主要用于表示时间；
behind主要用于表示位置.
时间名词前介词用法口诀
年前周前要用in
具体日子要用on
遇到几号也用on
上午下午得是in
要说某日上下午
用on换in记清楚
午夜黄昏用at
黎明用它也不错
at用在时分前
说“差”可要用上to
说"过''要用past
3.表示运动方向的介词：
across, through 通过,穿过
across表示横过,即从物体表面通过,与on有关,为二维
through穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关,为三维.
4.表示“在……之间”的介词：
表示“在……之间”的介词在英语中属于方位介词,如in front of ,behind ,on, in, near, under, up
between, among
between指在两个人或两个事物之间；
among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间.
5.表示其他意义的介词
1)on ,about 关于
on 表示这本书,这篇文章或演说是严肃的,或学术性的,可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读；
about表示内容较为普通,不那么正式.
2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具
by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；
with 表示用 …工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段；
in 表示用…方式,用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；
3)except, besides 除了
except 除……之外,不包括在内；
besides 除……之外,包括在内.
Except for Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
其它常用介词
介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小,但它们的用法却非常灵活,复杂.下列为常用介词及含义:
1）about 关于,附近,大约,周围,随身.
I have bought a book about Shakespearean.
我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书.
There are about fifteen trees in the picture.
大约有十五棵树在图片里.
2）above 在.上,高出,以上,超过,在...上游.
The plane is flying above the clouds.
飞机在云上飞行.
I think the man is above sixty years old.
我想那人有六十多岁了.
3）across 横过,对面,交叉,在...的对面.
Can you swim across the river?
你能游过河吗?
We live across the street.
我们住在街的对面.
4）after 在...后面,依照.
He went home after school.
他放学后就回家了.
Read after me, please.
请跟我朗读.
5）against 撞到,靠着,反对,违背,
The car hit against the tree.
汽车撞了树.
He is standing against the wall.
他靠墙站着.
6）along 沿着,顺着.
They are walking along the river.
他们沿着河行走.
7）among 在...当中.（三者或三者以上）
He is the tallest among them.
他是他们当中个子最高的.
8）around 在...的周围,在...那一边.
They sat around the table talking the news.
他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻.
There is a drugstore around the corner.
拐角处有一家药店.
9）as 作为.
He doesn't like people treat him as a child.
他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待.
10）at 在...时刻,在...点钟,在...岁时, 向,在...之中,按...速度,值(卖)...钱, 在...（强调地点）
He always gets up at six in the morning.
他时常早上六点钟起床.
He shot at the bird but missed it.
他向鸟射击,但是没射中.
The car goes at eighty miles an hour.
汽车以每小时八十公里的速度行驶.
11）before 在...的前面(位置),在...之前(时间)
He took a picture before the car.
他在汽车前照了张照片.
He can't finish his work before supper.
晚饭前他完不成工作.
12）behind 在...的后面(位置), 落后于,不如,
迟于,晚于(时间)
Are there any brooms behind the door.
门后有扫帚吗?
All of us are behind him in mathematics.
我们数学都不如他.
13）below 在...之下,低于,
There are four lights below the ceiling.
天花板下面有四盏灯.
The murderer run away below the police's eyes.
杀人犯从警察眼皮底下跑了.
14）beside 在...的旁边,在...之外,与...相比.
He found the body beside the river.
他在河边发现了尸体.
Beside yours, my computer is too slow.
与你的计算机速度相比,我的就慢多了.
15）besides 除...之外, 还有...
We are all here besides Bowe.
除鲍外,我们也都来了.
16）between 在...两者之间,
The relations between the two countries has improved since then.
两国的关系从那以后得到了改善.
17）beyond 在...那边,
The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it.
你要找的商店在街的那边,你不会找不到的.
18）but 除去.
He has nothing but money.
他除钱以外什么都没有.
19）by 被..., 在...的近旁 , 在...之前, 不迟于, 以...为手段.
The classroom was cleaned by the students.
教室由学生们打扫干净了.
Miss Lucy came to China by air.
露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的.
20）down 沿着...望下.
She walked down the street.
她沿着街道走.
21）during 在...期间,在...时候.
During the holiday, we went to the south.
我们假期去了南方.
22）except 除...之外.
He knows nothing except English.
他除英语以外什么都不知道.
23）for 为..., 因为..., 至于... .
He works for this company.
他为这家公司工作.
She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom.
她返回到教室是因为把书留在了那里.
24）from 从..., 来自..., 因为.
Where are you from?
你是哪里人?
He died from an accident.
他死于一场事故.
25）in 在..., 在...之内,从事于..., 按照..., 穿着.
He was born in 1992.
他生于1992年.
I could finish the program in two weeks.
我可以用两周时间完成这个项目.
He spend less time in reading.
他读书时间很少.
The man in black jacket is our teacher.
穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师.
26）like 象...,如同.
The twins are like their father.
双胞胎像他们的父亲.
27）near 靠近.
There are some flowers near the house.
房子附近有一些花.
28）of ...的,属于.
This is a map of China.
这是一张中国地图.
29）off 离开...,在...之外.
The young man got off the train quickly.
那个年青人很快下了火车.
I live in a village a little way off the main road.
我住在离大路不远的一个村庄里.
30）on 在...之上.
My book is on the table.
我的书在桌子上.
31）out of 从...出来,在...之外.
The dog run out of the house.
狗从房子里跑出来.
32）outside ... 外边.
They are waiting outside the gate.
他们在门外等着.
33）over 在...之上,遍于...之上,越过.
There is a light over the desk.
桌子上方有盏灯.
He is over sixty years old.
他有六十多岁.
34）past 越过...,过...,超越.
The students walked past the post office.
学生们走过了邮局.
It is ten past two.
现在是两点十分.
35）round 围着...,绕过...,在...周围.
We sat round the table.
我们围着桌子坐下.
The earth goes round the sun.
地球绕着太阳转.
36）since 自... 以后,自...以来.
He has made great progress in English since he came into the college.
从他来到大学后,他的英语有了很大进步.
37）through 经过...,穿过.（立体层面）
They went through the forest.
他们穿过了森林.
38）throughout 遍及...,在各处.
The police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain.
警察搜山寻找犯人.
39）till 直到...,在...以前.
He didn't come back till eleven o'clock.
他直到十一点钟才回来.
We'll be home till six.
六点以前我们都会在家.
40）to 到...,向...,趋于.
How long is it from here to the station?
从这儿到车站有多远?
41）under 在...之下,低于.
There are some footballs under the bed.
床底下有几颗足球.
These students are under seventeen years old.
这些学生们不到十七岁.
42）until 直到,在...以前,
Please wait for us until we come back.
请等着我们回来.
It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper.
直到上周,我才交了数学论文.
43）up 在...上面,在...上.
He went up the stairs.
他上了楼梯.
44）upon 在...之上,迫近.
It's not polite to look down upon him.
蔑视他是不礼貌的.
45）within 在...之内.
You must finish the work within two weeks.
你必须两周内完成这项工作.
46）without 没有,不,在...之外.
We can't do it better without your help.
没有你的帮助,我们就做不好.
We couldn't live without air and water.
没有空气和水,我们就不可能生存.
介词英文缩写:
介词英文缩写是prep.是英文preposition的缩写
介词用法口诀
早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分.
年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、帽in.
将来时态in...以后,小处at大处in.
有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in.
特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in.
介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分.
日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,
收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、著论.
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准.
特定时日和"一……就",on后常接动名词.
年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in.
步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in.
at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心.
工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因.
就……来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分.
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类know to man.
this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one.
接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯.
over、under正上下,above、below则不然,
若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关.'
beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反.
besides,except分内外,among之内along沿.
同类比较except,加for异类记心间.
原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词
under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分.
before、after表一点, ago、later表一段.
before能接完成时,ago过去极有限.
since以来during间,since时态多变换.
与之相比beside,除了last but one.
复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞.
快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南.
but for否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言.
ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合.
之后、关于、在.方面,有关介词须记全.
in内to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前.
动词与介词（或副词）的搭配

add…to 加到……上 agree with 同意（某人）
arrive at(in) 到达 ask for 询问
begin…with 从……开始 believe in 相信
break into 闯入 break off 打断
break out 爆发 bring down 降低
bring in 引进 bring up 教育,培养
build up 建起 burn down 烧光
call back 回电话 call for 要求约请
call in 召来 call on 拜访 访问
care for 喜欢 carry on 继续开展
carry out 实行开展 check out 查明 结帐
clear up 整理,收拾 come about 发生,产生
come across （偶然）遇见 come out 出来
come to 共计 达到 compare…with 与……比较
compare to 比作 cut off 切断
date from 始于 depend on 依靠
devote to 献于 die out 灭亡
divide up 分配 dream of 梦想
fall off 下降 fall over 跌倒
feed on 以……为食 get down to 专心于
get through 通过 give in 让步,屈服