紧急求助帮我翻译下这段外文文献,要人工的哦,不要网上的在线翻译It is also clear that global-scale regulations, the ‘rules of the game’ as itwere, have a profound effect on the shape and direction of change in globalvalue

紧急求助帮我翻译下这段外文文献,要人工的哦,不要网上的在线翻译It is also clear that global-scale regulations, the ‘rules of the game’ as itwere, have a profound effect on the shape and direction of change in globalvalue
紧急求助帮我翻译下这段外文文献,要人工的哦,不要网上的在线翻译
It is also clear that global-scale regulations, the ‘rules of the game’ as it
were, have a profound effect on the shape and direction of change in global
value chains. In a wide range of industries, from electronics to apparel
to household goods, selective exemptions for duties on value added in
particular locations, such as section 807 and most-favored-nation status
for the United States and outward processing arrangements for Europe,
have encouraged the geographical fragmentation of global value chains,
as we have seen in the apparel case study. Yet political pressures in both
developed and developing nations to retain (or gain) apparel jobs, and
managerial desires to spread risk through geographical diversification, are
likely to keep the apparel value chain more fragmented than it would be
if production decisions were based on economic criteria alone.
While there are a multitude of factors that affect the evolution of the
global economy, we feel confident that the variables internal to our model
influence the shape and governance of global value chains in important
ways, regardless of the institutional context within which they are situated.
The governance framework that we propose takes us part of the way
toward a more systematic understanding of global value chains, but much
remains to be done.17 One of the most pressing areas is the development
of policy tools for industrial upgrading that are consistent with the framework.
One of the key findings of value chain studies is that access to developed
country markets has become increasingly dependent on participating
in global production networks led by firms based in developed countries.
Thus, the governance of global value chains is essential for understanding
how firms in developing countries can gain access to global markets, what
99 the benefits of access and the risks of exclusion might be, and how the net
gains from participation in global value chains might be increased. While
the search for paths of sustainable development in the global economy is
an inherently difficult and elusive objective, our task is greatly facilitated
by having a clearer sense of the various ways in which global value chains
are governed, and the key determinants that shape these outcomes.

紧急求助帮我翻译下这段外文文献,要人工的哦,不要网上的在线翻译It is also clear that global-scale regulations, the ‘rules of the game’ as itwere, have a profound effect on the shape and direction of change in globalvalue
这是我借助google翻译的,语句结构我已都调好,里面的数字17和99不知道是什么.仅供参考
译文：
和游戏规则一样,全球尺度的规则对全球价值链的形式和方向的变化起有深刻的影响.在广泛的行业中,从电子产品到服装,到家居用品,在特定地点（例如第807,美国最优惠国地位和欧洲外运加工安排）选择性豁免价值职责,这些都促进了全球价值链的地域分散,正如我们已经看到在服装产业.
然而在发达和发展中国家的进行政治压力保留（或收益）服装工作,并传播地域多元化的风险管理的愿望,如果生产的决定是基于单独的经济标准,这很可能使得服装价值链比原先更加分散.虽然有很多因素影响全球经济的进化,但在一些重要的方面,不管他们位于的体制环境,我们对我们模型内部的变量能影响全球价值链的形式和管理还是很有信心的.
我们建议的管制架构使我们更加系统化的理解全球价值链,但仍有许多工作要做（17?）最紧迫的部分之一是为产业升级的政策工具的发展,须和框架一致.对价值链研究的一个重要的发现是,进入发达国家的市场变得日益依赖于全球产品网络,这是由发达国家的企业导致的.
因此,全球价值链的管理对理解发展中国家的企业如何能进入全球市场是必不可少的,（99?）访问的好处和排斥的风险或许是是什么样的,如何能从参与全球价值链中提高净收益.虽然对全球经济可持续发展道路进行探索存在固有的困难和难以捉摸的目标,但通过清醒的认识各种方式—全球价值链被管理,塑造这些成果的关键因素—极大地促进了我们的工作.