英语翻译摘 要黄土高原是世界上最大的黄土堆积区,也是我国乃至世界上水土流失最为严重的地区.由于严重的水土流失,不仅造成了千沟万壑、童山秃岭的地形地貌和恶劣的生态环境,制约了

英语翻译摘 要黄土高原是世界上最大的黄土堆积区,也是我国乃至世界上水土流失最为严重的地区.由于严重的水土流失,不仅造成了千沟万壑、童山秃岭的地形地貌和恶劣的生态环境,制约了
英语翻译
摘 要
黄土高原是世界上最大的黄土堆积区,也是我国乃至世界上水土流失最为严重的地区.由于严重的水土流失,不仅造成了千沟万壑、童山秃岭的地形地貌和恶劣的生态环境,制约了地区经济社会的可持续发展,而且大量泥沙下泄,淤塞下游河道,极大的威胁着黄河下游的安全,成为困扰中华民族几千年的心腹之患.
“黄河为害,根在泥沙”,而泥沙的60%～70%又来源于黄土高原地区的千沟万壑.因此,控制和治理沟道的泥沙就成了解决黄河问题的关键.实践证明,坝系生态工程不仅能够有效拦截泥沙、淤地造田、发展灌溉、增产增收,而且能够改善流域生态环境、促进黄河长治久安、推动地区经济发展和社会进步,也正是由于它的综合功能,坝系生态工程才受到了当地人民群众的真正拥护和大力支持.
然而,目前现有的80％以上的淤地坝是20世纪70年代以前群众运动中修建的,没有统一规划、设计,防洪标准低,“水小拉条沟,水大连坝走”,使黄土高原地区大量的淤地坝工程惨遭严重的水毁.在这种淤地坝严重水毁的情况下,按照当时黄委会的要求精神,我们开始了对“黄土高原坝系生态工程相对稳定性”进行了试点研究.
本研究主要是在试验沟道进行骨干坝、中型、小型淤地坝布设,观测其运行情况,最大限度地发展坝地面积,在保证100年一遇洪水的情况下,观测其库容变化,淤积情况,并观测种植作物的生长情况,并要观察坡面不同治理度,对坝地作物的安全影响及其效益等情况.从而提出了坝系达到相对稳定,最基本的三个条件,即：一是相对稳定系数必须大于或等于一定的允许值,这是坝系要达到相对稳定的关键；二是有足够的防洪能力；三是坝系工程安全无病险.
本成果的研究对建设相对稳定坝系提供了科学的依据,解决了淤地坝严重水毁的重大问题,使黄土高原生态坝系工程拦截泥沙、拦洪蓄水、增加良田、发展浇灌,促进退耕还林、改善生态环境、调整土地利用和产业结构、防洪减灾、保护下游农田和公共设施以及增加了群众收入等经济、生态、社会三大效益得到了充分发挥.
关键词：相对稳定 研究 坝系 黄土高原

英语翻译摘 要黄土高原是世界上最大的黄土堆积区,也是我国乃至世界上水土流失最为严重的地区.由于严重的水土流失,不仅造成了千沟万壑、童山秃岭的地形地貌和恶劣的生态环境,制约了
Loess Plateau is the world's largest loess area,China and the world is the most serious soil erosion areas.Because of severe soil erosion,causing not only a thousand myriad ditch,bare hill bald ridge topography and poor ecological environment,limiting economic and social sustainable development,but also a lot of sediment discharged,blockage downstream,the threat of great the safety of the lower Yellow River has become a scourge for thousands of years plagued the Chinese nation.
"Yellow damage,root in the sand",and sediment 60% to 70% has come from the Loess Plateau gully TIMES 1000.Therefore,control and sediment control channel becomes the key to solving the problem of the Yellow River.Practice shows that Dam ecological engineering can not only effectively intercept sediment,Silting land reclamation,irrigation development,increase production,but also improve the ecological environment of the Yellow River long-term stability,promoting regional economic development and social progress,it is also because of its comprehensive function of ecological engineering Dam only by the local people's genuine support and strong support.
However,there is more than 80% of the existing dam is the 20th century,before the mass movement in the 70's built,there is no unified planning,design,flood control standard is low,"a small brace of water ditch,water Dalian dam go," so that loess large dam projects plateau brutally serious damaged.Dam severely damaged in this case,in accordance with the spirit of the then Yellow River Conservancy Committee's request,we began to "the relative stability of the Loess Plateau Ecological Engineering Dam" in the pilot study.
This study was conducted in the test channel backbone dam,medium,small dam layout,observing its operations,to maximize the development area of dam,in a 100 year frequency flood situation,observing changes in their storage capacity,sedimentation situation,and observing the growth of crops,and to observe different management degree slope,on dam safety to crops and its benefits and so on.Proposed dam system to achieve relatively stable,the most basic of the three conditions,namely:First,the relative stability factor must be greater than or equal to a certain allowable value,which is relatively stable dam system to achieve the key; Second,adequate flood protection capacity; Third Dam System security has not been dangerous.
The results of the relative stability of the Dam construction to provide a scientific basis to solve the major issues of dam severely damaged,so that intercept sediment Dam System Loess Plateau,Lan Hong storage,increased farmland,the development of irrigation,promote reforestation and improve the ecological environment,adjust land use and industrial structure,flood control,protection of downstream farmland and public facilities as well as increasing people's income and other economic,ecological and social benefits in full play.
Keywords:relative stability of dam on the Loess Plateau
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The loess plateau is the world's largest loess area, is also our country and even in the world the most serious soil and water loss of the region. Because of the serious soil and water loss, not only ...

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The loess plateau is the world's largest loess area, is also our country and even in the world the most serious soil and water loss of the region. Because of the serious soil and water loss, not only caused fragmented landform, TongShan TuLing topography and bad ecological environment, restricted the region sustainable economic and social development, and massive release of sediment, the downstream channel of siltation, great threat to the safety of the lower Yellow River, a problem the Chinese nation several thousand years of sting.
"The Yellow River to harm the, the root in the sediment", and 60% ~ 70% and sediment from in the loess plateau fragmented landform. Therefore, control and management of the channel sediment became the key to solve the problem of the Yellow River. Practice has proved, ecological engineering of dam system can not only effectively intercept sediment, silt place great, development, increasing irrigation 'income, but also can improve the ecological environment of the Yellow River basin, promote the stability and promote regional economic development and social progress, it is also because of its comprehensive function, of dam system ecological engineering by the local people to the real support and support.
At present, however, more than 80% of the existing check before 1970 s is built in the mass movement, no unified planning, design, the flood control standard is low, "water small braces, dalian dam go ditch water", make the loess plateau in a large number of warping DAMS engineering were serious damaged by flood. In this warping DAMS serious damaged by flood, according to the requirements of the HuangWeiHui at that time the spirit, we started to "the loess plateau ecological engineering relative stability of dam system for the pilot study.
This research is mainly in the test for the channel, medium and small dam backbone laid warping DAMS, observation the operation conditions, the maximum development area of watersheds, guarantee 100 years in in a flood, the capacity of observation change, the deposition, and the growth of crop planting observation, and want to observe different management degrees slope, closing the safety of the crop of the effect and the benefits, etc. Thus puts forward the relative stability of dam system to achieve, the most basic three conditions, that is: one is the relative stability coefficient must is equal to or greater than the allowable value of certain, this is relatively stable of dam system to achieve the key; Two is to have enough flood control ability; Three of dam system engineering safety is no seepage path.
The results of the study on construction relative stability of dam system provides scientific basis, to solve the major problems of the damaged by flood serious warping DAMS, make the loess plateau ecological of dam system engineering intercept LanHong sediment, and water storage, increase the good land, water development, promote the reforestation, improve the ecological environment, land use and industrial structure adjustment, the flood control and disaster alleviation, protection of farmland and public facilities and downstream increase the income of the economic, ecological and social three performance got the full play.

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