关于拿破伦简介英文版一定要英文

关于拿破伦简介英文版一定要英文
关于拿破伦简介英文版
一定要英文

关于拿破伦简介英文版一定要英文
1.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Emperor of the French,1769 - 1821
Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15,1769 in Ajaccio on the Mediterranean island of Corsica,the son of Carlo and Letizia Bonaparte.Through his military exploits and his ruthless efficiency,Napoleon rose from obscurity to become Napoleon I,Empereur des Francais (Emperor of the French).He is both a historical figure and a legend鈥攁nd it is sometimes difficult to separate the two.The events of his life fired the imaginations of great writers,film makers,and playwrights whose works have done much to create the Napoleonic legend.
]Napoleon decided on a military career when he was a child,winning a scholarship to a French military academy at age 14.His meteoric rise shocked not only France but all of Europe,and his military conquests threatened the stability of the world.
Napoleon was one of the greatest military commanders in history.He has also been portrayed as a power hungry conqueror.Napoleon denied those accusations.He argued that he was building a federation of free peoples in a Europe united under a liberal government.But if this was his goal,he intended to achieve it by taking power in his own hands.However,in the states he created,Napoleon granted constitutions,introduced law codes,abolished feudalism,created efficient governments and fostered education,science,literature and the arts.
Emperor Napoleon proved to be an excellent civil administrator.One of his greatest achievements was his supervision of the revision and collection of French law into codes.The new law codes鈥攕even in number鈥攊ncorporated some of the freedoms gained by the people of France during the French revolution,including religious toleration and the abolition of serfdom.The most famous of the codes,the Code Napoleon or Code Civil,still forms the basis of French civil law.Napoleon also centralized France's government by appointing prefects to administer regions called departments,into which France was divided.
While Napoleon believed in government "for" the people,he rejected government "by" the people.His France was a police state with a vast network of secret police and spies.The police shut down plays containing any hint of disagreement or criticism of the government.The press was controlled by the state.It was impossible to express an opinion without Napoleon's approval.
Napoleon's own opinion of his career is best stated in the following quotation:
鈥淚 closed the gulf of anarchy and brought order out of chaos.I rewarded merit regardless of birth or wealth,wherever I found it.I abolished feudalism and restored equality to all regardless of religion and before the law.I fought the decrepit monarchies of the Old Regime because the alternative was the destruction of all this.I purified the Revolution.鈥滭br/>2.
Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 鈥 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the history of Europe.He was a general during the French Revolution,the ruler of France as First Consul of the French Republic and Emperor of the First French Empire.
Born in Corsica and trained as an artillery officer in mainland France,he rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led successful campaigns against the First and Second Coalitions arrayed against France.In 1799,Napoleon staged a coup d'茅tat and installed himself as First Consul; five years later he crowned himself Emperor of the French.In the first decade of the nineteenth century,he turned the armies of France against every major European power and dominated continental Europe through a lengthy streak of military victories - epitomised through battles such as Austerlitz and Friedland.He maintained France's sphere of influence by the formation of extensive alliances and the appointment of friends and family members to rule other European countries as French client states.
The French invasion of Russia in 1812 marked a turning point in Napoleon's fortunes.His Grande Arm茅e was decimated in the campaign and never fully recovered.In 1813,the Sixth Coalition defeated his forces at the Leipzig,invaded France and exiled him to the island of Elba.Less than a year later,he returned and was finally defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815.Napoleon spent the last six years of his life under British supervision on the island of Saint Helena,where he died in 1821.The autopsy concluded he died of stomach cancer though Sten Forshufvud and other scientists in the 1960s conjectured that he had been poisoned with arsenic.
Napoleon developed few military innovations,drew his tactics from different sources and scored major victories with a modernised French army.His campaigns are studied at military academies the world over and he is widely regarded as one of history's greatest commanders.While considered a tyrant by his opponents,he is remembered for the establishment of the Napoleonic code,which laid the administrative foundations for much of Western Europe.
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Napoleon Bonaparte (1769 - 1821)
Emperor of France Napoleon I © One of the greatest military leaders in history,and emperor of France he conquered much of Europe.
Napoleon Bonaparte was born on 15 August 1769 in Corsica into a gentry family.Educated at military school,he was rapidly promoted and in 1796,was made commander of the French army in Italy,where he forced Austria and its allies to make peace.In 1798,Napoleon conquered Ottoman-ruled Egypt in an attempt to strike at British trade routes with India.He was stranded when his fleet was destroyed by the British at the Battle of the Nile.
France now faced a new coalition - Austria and Russia had allied with Britain.Napoleon returned to Paris where the government was in crisis.In a coup d'etat in November 1799,Napoleon became first consul.In 1802,he was made consul for life and two years later,emperor.He oversaw the centralisation of government,the creation of the Bank of France,the reinstatement of Roman Catholicism as the state religion and law reform with the Code Napoleon.
In 1800,he defeated the Austrians at Marengo.He then negotiated a general European peace which established French power on the continent.In 1803 Britain resumed war with France,later joined by Russia and Austria.Britain inflicted a naval defeat on the French at Trafalgar (1805) so Napoleon abandoned plans to invade England and turned on the Austro-Russian forces,defeating them at Austerlitz later the same year.He gained much new territory,including annexation of Prussian lands which ostensibly gave him control of Europe.The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved,Holland and Westphalia created,and over the next 5 years,Napoleon's relatives and loyalists were installed as leaders (in Holland,Westphalia,Italy,Naples,Spain and Sweden).
In 1810,he had his childless marriage to Josephine de Beauharnais annulled and married the daughter of the Austrian emperor in the hope of having an heir.A son,Napoleon,was born a year later.
The Peninsular War began in 1808.Costly French defeats over the next five years drained French military resources.Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812 resulted in a disastrous retreat.The tide started to turn in favour of the allies and in March 1814,Paris fell.Napoleon went into exile on the Mediterranean island of Elba.In March 1815 he escaped and marched on the French capital.The Battle of Waterloo ended his brief reign.The British imprisoned him on the remote Atlantic island of St.Helena where he died on 5 May 1821.