and和but的用法和区别

and和but的用法和区别
and和but的用法和区别

and和but的用法和区别
and表并列关系或者递进关系
But表转折关系
这两个都是连词

and
[And; End, nd]
[连接并列的名词、代词或数词]同, 和, 与, 如： Father and I went to Xinhua bookstore yesterday. 父亲和我昨天到新华书店去过。
AND
[And]
[计]与(计算机逻辑运算的一种, 或称逻辑乘法)
AND gate “与”门(电路, 脉冲)
and<...

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and
[And; End, nd]
[连接并列的名词、代词或数词]同, 和, 与, 如： Father and I went to Xinhua bookstore yesterday. 父亲和我昨天到新华书店去过。
AND
[And]
[计]与(计算机逻辑运算的一种, 或称逻辑乘法)
AND gate “与”门(电路, 脉冲)
and
and
AHD:[…nd, …n] [²nd ] 重读时
D.J.[*nd, *n][#nd ]重读时
K.K.[*nd, *n][#nd ]重读时
conj.（连接词）
Together with or along with; in addition to; as well as. Used to connect words, phrases, or clauses that have the same grammatical function in a construction.
和；与；及；同；又；也：和或同；又；也；用来连接具有相同语法功能的单词，短语或从句
Added to; plus:
加上；加：
Two and two makes four.
二加二得四
Used to indicate result.
那么，则：用来表示结果
Usage Problem To. Used between finite verbs, such as go, come, try, write, or see :
【用法疑难】 去，用在限定动词中间，如go,come,try,write 或 see ：
try and find it; come and see.
试着去找找；来看看
Archaic If:
【古语】 如果：
and it pleases you.
如果这样能让你高兴的话
Middle English
中古英语
from Old English * see en
源自 古英语 *参见 en
It is frequently asserted that sentences beginning with and or but express “incomplete thoughts” and are therefore incorrect. But this rule was ridiculed by grammarians like Wilson Follett (who ascribed it to “schoolmarmish rhetoric”) and H.W. Fowler (who called it a “superstition”), and the stricture has been ignored by writers from Shakespeare to Virginia Woolf. Members of the Usage Panel were asked whether they paid attention to the rule in their own writing: 24 percent answered “always or usually,”36 percent answered “sometimes,”and 40 percent answered “rarely or never.”See Usage Note at both, but, try, with
通常认为用and 或 but 开始的句子表达“不完整的思想”，因而是不正确的。 但这条规则被一些语法学家所嘲弄，如威尔逊·弗莱特（称之为“古板的修辞”），和H·W福勒（称之为“迷信”）， 从莎士比亚到弗吉尼亚·沃尔夫之间的作家都忽视了这条规定。当用法专题小组的成员被问到在他们的自己写作中是否也注意到这条规则时：24%的人回答“一直是这样或一般是这样”， 36%的人回答“有时这样”， 40%的人回答“很少或从来没有”参见 both， but， try， with
n.Computer Science （名词）【计算机科学】
A logic operator equivalent to the sentential connective “and.”
与：逻辑命令，相当于句子连接词“and”
From and
源自 and
but
[bEt, bQt]
prep.
除...以外
conj.
而是, 但是
adv.
几乎, 仅仅
but
but
AHD:[b¾t] [b…t ] 非重读时
D.J.[b(t][b*t ]非重读时
K.K.[b(t][b*t ]非重读时
conj.（连接词）
On the contrary:
而是：相反地：
the plan caused not prosperity but ruin.
这个计划带来的不是繁荣而是毁灭
Contrary to expectation; yet:
但是，然而：与预期相反；然而：
She organized her work but accomplished very little. He is tired but happy.
她筹办了这项工作，然而只完成了很小一部分。他很累，但很愉快
Usage Problem Used to indicate an exception:
【用法疑难】 除了：用于表示一个例外：
No one but she saw the prowler.
除了她以外没有一个人看见那个行窃者
With the exception that; except that. Used to introduce a dependent clause:
若非：除非；除此。用于引导一个独立的从句：
would have resisted but that they lacked courage.
如果不是缺乏勇气她们会抵抗的
Informal Without the result that:
【非正式用语】 不，没：没有结果：
It never rains but it pours.
光打雷不下雨
Informal That. Often used after a negative:
【非正式用语】 连接词。通常用在否定式后面：
There is no doubt but right will prevail.
毫无否定疑问，正义将取得胜利
That . . . not. Used after a negative or question:
表否定。用在否定词或疑问词之后：
There never is a tax law presented but someone will oppose it.
现行的税法没有一条是没人反对的
If not; unless:
如果不；除非：
“Ten to one but the police have got them”(Charlotte M. Yonge)
“十之八九警察局已经抓住他们了”(夏洛特M.荣格)
Informal Than:
【非正式用语】 比…：
They had no sooner arrived but they turned around and left.
他们返航离去不久就到达了目的地
prep.（介词）
Usage Problem Except.
【用法疑难】 除了
adv.（副词）
Merely; just; only:
仅仅；只；只有：
hopes that lasted but a moment.
希望仅仅持续了片刻
Used as an intensive:
用作加强语气：
Get out of here but fast!
立刻从这里滚出去!
Middle English
中古英语
from Old English b¿n * see ud-
源自 古英语 b¿n *参见 ud-
Traditional grammarians have worried over what form the pronoun ought to take when but is used to indicate an exception in sentences such as No one but I (or No one but me ) has read it. Some have argued that but is a conjunction in these sentences and therefore should be followed by the nominative form I. However, many of these grammarians have gone on to argue somewhat inconsistently that the accusative form me is appropriate when the but phrase occurs at the end of a sentence, as in No one has read it but me. While this treatment of the construction has a considerable weight of precedent on its side and cannot be regarded as incorrect, a strong case can be made on grammatical grounds for treating this use of but as a preposition. For one thing, if but were truly a conjunction here, we would expect the verb to agree in person and number with the noun or pronoun following but; we would then say No one but the students have read it. What is more, if but were a true conjunction here we would not expect that it could be moved to the end of a clause, as in No one has read it but the students. Note that we cannot use the conjunction and in a similar way, saying John left and everyone else in the class in place of John and everyone else in the class left. These observations suggest that but is best considered as a preposition here and followed by accusative forms such as me and them in all positions: No one but me has read it. No one has read it but me. These recommendations are supported by 73 percent of the Usage Panel when the but phrase precedes the verb and by 93 percent when the but phrase follows the verb. · But is redundant when used together with however, as in But the army, however, went on with its plans; one or the other word should be eliminated. ·But is generally not followed by a comma. Correct written style requires Kim wanted to go, but we stayed, not Kim wanted to go, but, we stayed. · But may be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style. See Usage Note at and, cannot, doubt, however, I 1
传统的语法学家考虑当but 用于表示例外的意思时应该用什么形式的代词，比如 No one but I （或者 No one but me ) has read it 。 有人认为but 在这种句子中是个连词， 因此应该使用主格I。 然而许多语法学家接下来的讨论有些不一致，即当but 短语出现在句子末尾时用宾格 me 比较合适， 如No one has read it but me（除我以外没有人读过它）。 同时这种结构前置处理的重要性是值得考虑的，并且不会被认为是不正确的，一个有力的例子在语法范畴内，认为but 在这里作介词使用。 首先如果but 在此真是一个连词的话， 我们会期望同名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致的动词跟在but 后面； 我们会说No one but the students have read it（除学生以外没有人读过它）。 再者，如果but 在此真是连词的话，我们不希望它被放在句子末尾， 如在句子No one has read it but the students 中。 注意我们不以类似的方式来使用连词and ，说 John left and everyone else in the class 来代替 John and everyone else in the class left。 这些发现表明but 在此最好被当作介词， 在任何位置后面都应跟宾格形式如me 和 them ： No one but me has read it. No one has read it but me（除了我没人读过它）。 当but 短语放在动词之前时，有百分之七十三的用法专题使用小组成员支持这些提议； 而当but 短语放在动词之后时，得到百分之九十三的小组成员的支持。 But 在同 however 一起使用时是多余的，如 But the army, however, went on with its plans； 这两个词必须去掉其中一个。But 通常后面不加逗号。 正确的写法是Kim wanted to go, but we stayed, 而不是 Kim wanted to go, but, we stayed 。 But 可以放在所有文体标准的句子开头 参见 and， cannot， doubt， however， I1
but
but,however,still,neverthless,yet这是几个词义很近的同义词，都表示转折或让步。
but 用来引出微弱的相反的意见，是口语常用词。
Nearly everybody enters for‘The Nicest Garden Competition’each year,but Joe wins every time.
年年几乎大家都报名参加“最佳花园竞赛”，但每次获胜的都是乔。
…but more often than not,the greater part of the journey is spent on narrow,bumpy roads which are crowded with traffic.
但是一路之上，大部分的时间往往会在狭窄、坎坷不平而且车辆拥挤的道路上度过……(more often than not=very frequently[英语惯用法])
It's a pleasant dream but everything depends on"if".
这倒是个非常令人愉快的梦想，但一切都取决于“如果”。
Sally was amused,but I was very embarrassed.
萨莉很开心，但我却很尴尬。
however 比 but 的词义还要弱些，并不直接引出相反的意见，因此常用作插入语
You will be lucky if he lets you go without a ticket.However,this does not always happen.
他如果不给你一个违章通知单就放你走，你就是运气好。不过，这种事也并不总是发生的。
The most surprising thing about it,however,is that it can land anywhere…
不过，关于这架飞机的最使人吃惊的事情是，它可以在任何地方着路……
still 还，还是
It is ture that winter is over;still,it is almost as cold.
冬天已经过去了，这是事实，但天气还是那么冷。
He treated you badly;still,he is your brother and you ought to help him.
他过去待你很坏，但是他还是你的哥哥，那么你应该帮助他。
neverthless 的含义是：即使作出完全的让步，也没有任何影响，或者说也不是决定因素。
There was no news;neverthless,she went on hoping.
一点消息也没有，但是她继续抱着希望。
To be sure,it is no longer winter;neverthless, it is quite cold.
现在固然已不是冬天了，可是天气还是相当冷。
yet 的含义是：即使作出极端的让步，也不会发生期待的结果。
He worked hard, yet ,he failed.
他干得很卖力，然而他失败了。
It is well on in May,yet,it is almost as cold as midwinter.
现在进入5月分已经好长时间了，然而天气还象仲冬一样冷。

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