英语翻译清教最重要的特征在于它那极端的禁欲教义.新教改革之前,禁欲生活主要存在于教会内部,教会外的广大群众所受到的身体管理程度则微弱得多;清教却将禁欲主义普遍化了,它/将对欲

英语翻译清教最重要的特征在于它那极端的禁欲教义.新教改革之前,禁欲生活主要存在于教会内部,教会外的广大群众所受到的身体管理程度则微弱得多;清教却将禁欲主义普遍化了,它/将对欲
英语翻译
清教最重要的特征在于它那极端的禁欲教义.
新教改革之前,禁欲生活主要存在于教会内部,教会
外的广大群众所受到的身体管理程度则微弱得多;
清教却将禁欲主义普遍化了,它/将对欲望的禁欲克
制从修道院的密室带到世俗家庭,,克制欲望,控
制激情、斋戒和规律性被奉为整个社会都要遵守的
理想规范

英语翻译清教最重要的特征在于它那极端的禁欲教义.新教改革之前,禁欲生活主要存在于教会内部,教会外的广大群众所受到的身体管理程度则微弱得多;清教却将禁欲主义普遍化了,它/将对欲
清教最重要的特征在于它那极端的禁欲教义.
Puritan most important feature is that it that extreme abstinence doctrine.
新教改革之前,禁欲生活主要存在于教会内部,教会
The protestant reformation,before abstinence life mainly exists in within the church,the church
外的广大群众所受到的身体管理程度则微弱得多;
Outside of the masses by the body level of management is faint much;
清教却将禁欲主义普遍化了,它/将对欲望的禁欲克
Puritan but asceticism generalization,it/to desire of abstinence grams
制从修道院的密室带到世俗家庭,,克制欲望,控
Made from the chamber of secrets to secular monastery family,to refrain from desire and possession
制激情、斋戒和规律性被奉为整个社会都要遵守的
System passion,fast and regularity is regarded as the whole society should abide by
理想规范
Ideal standard

SinThe experience of Hester and Dimmesdale recalls the story of Adam and Eve because, in both cases, sin results in expulsion and suffering. But it also results in knowledge—specifically, in knowledge...

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SinThe experience of Hester and Dimmesdale recalls the story of Adam and Eve because, in both cases, sin results in expulsion and suffering. But it also results in knowledge—specifically, in knowledge of what it means to be immortal. For Hester, the scarlet letter functions as "her passport into regions where other women dared not tread", leading her to "speculate" about her society and herself more "boldly" than anyone else in New England.[3]
As for Dimmesdale, the "cheating minister" of his sin gives him "sympathies so intimate with the sinful brotherhood of mankind, so that his chest vibrate[s] in unison with theirs." His eloquent and powerful sermons derive from this sense of empathy.[3] The narrative of the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is quite in keeping with the oldest and most fully authorized principles in Christian thought. His "Fall" is a descent from apparent grace to his own damnation; he appears to begin in purity but he ends in corruption. The subtlety is that the minister's belief is his own cheating, convincing himself at every stage of his spiritual pilgrimage that he is saved.[4]
The rosebush, its beauty a striking contrast to all that surrounds it—as later the beautifully embroidered scarlet A will be–is held out in part as an invitation to find "some sweet moral blossom" in the ensuing, tragic tale and in part as an image that "the deep heart of nature" (perhaps God) may look more kind on the errant Hester and her child than her Puritan neighbors do. Throughout the work, the nature images contrast with the stark darkness of the Puritans and their systems.[5]
Chillingworth's misshapen body reflects (or symbolizes) the anger in his soul, which builds as the novel progresses, similar to the way Dimmesdale's illness reveals his inner turmoil. The outward man reflects the condition of the heart; an observation thought to be inspired by the deterioration of Edgar Allan Poe, whom Hawthorne "much admired".[5]
Although Pearl is a complex character, her primary function within the novel is as a symbol. Pearl herself is the embodiment of the scarlet letter, and Hester rightly clothes her in a beautiful dress of scarlet, embroidered with gold thread, just like the scarlet letter upon Hester's bosom.[3] Parallels can be drawn between Pearl and the character Beatrice in Rappaccini's Daughter. Beatrice is nourished upon poisonous plants, until she herself becomes poisonous. Pearl, in the mysterious prenatal world, imbibes the poison of her parents' guilt.
[edit] Past and presentThe clash of past and present is explored in various ways. For example, the character of the old General, whose heroic qualities include a distinguished name, perseverance, integrity, compassion, and moral inner strength, is said to be "the soul and spirit of New England hardihood". Sometimes he presides over the Custom House run by corrupt public servants, who skip work to sleep, allow or overlook smuggling, and are supervised by an inspector with "no power of thought, nor depth of feeling, no troublesome sensibilities", who is honest enough but without a spiritual compass.[5]
Hawthorne himself had ambivalent feelings about the role of his ancestors in his life. In his autobiographical sketch, Hawthorne described his ancestors as "dim and dusky", "grave, bearded, sable-cloaked, and steel crowned", "bitter persecutors" whose "better deeds" would be diminished by their bad ones. There can be little doubt of Hawthorne's disdain for the stern morality and rigidity of the Puritans, and he imagined his predecessors' disdainful view of him: unsuccessful in their eyes, worthless and disgraceful. "A writer of story books!" But even as he disagrees with his ancestors' viewpoint, he also feels an instinctual connection to them and, more importantly, a "sense of place" in Salem. Their blood remains in his veins, but their intolerance and lack of humanity becomes the subject of his novel

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