用英语介绍西游记和梁祝(剧情)

用英语介绍西游记和梁祝(剧情)
用英语介绍西游记和梁祝(剧情)

用英语介绍西游记和梁祝(剧情)
瑗挎父璁?br/>The novel comprises 100 chapters.These can be divided into four very unequal parts.The first,which includes chapters 1-7,is really a self-contained prequel to the main body of the story.It deals entirely with the earlier exploits of S奴n W霉k艒ng,a monkey born from stone who learns the art of fighting and secrets of immortality,and through guile and force makes a name for himself as the Q铆ti膩n D脿sh猫ng,or "Great Sage Equal to Heaven".His powers grow to match the forces of all of the Eastern (Taoist) deities,and the prologue culminates in S奴n's rebellion against Heaven,during a time when he garnered a post in the celestial bureacracy.Hubris proves his downfall when the Buddha manages to trap him under a mountain for five hundred years.
Only following this introductory story is the nominal main character,Xu谩nz脿ng,introduced.Chapters 8-12 provide his early biography and the background to his great journey.Dismayed that "the land of the South knows only greed,hedonism,promiscuity,and sins",the Buddha instructs the Bodhisattva Gu膩ny墨n to search T谩ng China for someone to take the Buddhist sutras of "transcendence and persuasion for good will" back to the East.Part of the story here also relates to how Xu谩nz脿ng becomes a monk (as well as revealing his past life as the "Golden Cicada" and comes about being sent on this pilgrimage by the Emperor T谩ng T脿iz艒ng,who previously escaped death with the help of an underworld official).
The third and longest section of the work is chapters 13-99,an episodic adventure story which combines elements of the quest as well as the picaresque.The skeleton of the story is Xu谩nz脿ng's quest to bring back Buddhist scriptures from Vulture Peak in India,but the flesh is provided by the conflict between Xu谩nz脿ng's disciples and the various evils that beset him on the way.
The scenery of this section is,nominally,the sparsely populated lands along the Silk Road between China and India,including Xinjiang,Turkestan,and Afghanistan.The geography described in the book is,however,almost entirely fantastic; once Xu谩nz脿ng departs Ch谩ng'膩n,the T谩ng capital and crosses the frontier (somewhere in Gansu province),he finds himself in a wilderness of deep gorges and tall mountains,all inhabited by flesh-eating demons who regard him as a potential meal,with here and there a hidden monastery or royal city-state amid the wilds.
The episodic structure of this section is to some extent formulaic.Episodes consist of 1-4 chapters,and usually involve Xu谩nz脿ng being captured and his life threatened,while his disciples try to find an ingenious (and often violent) way of liberating him.Although some of Xu谩nz脿ng's predicaments are political and involve ordinary human beings,they more frequently consist of run-ins with various goblins and ogres - many of whom turn out to be the earthly manifestations of heavenly beings.
Chapters 13-22 do not follow this structure precisely,as they introduce Xu谩nz脿ng's disciples,who,inspired or goaded by Gu膩ny墨n,meet and agree to serve him along the way,in order to atone for their sins in their past lives.
The first is S奴n W霉k艒ng,or Monkey,previously "Great Sage Equal to Heaven",trapped by Buddha for rebelling against Heaven.He appears right away in Chapter 13.The most intelligent and violent of the disciples,he is constantly reproved for his violence by Xu谩nz脿ng.Ultimately,he can only be controlled by a magic gold band that the Bodhisattva has placed around his head,which causes him excruciating pain when Xu谩nz脿ng says certain magic words.
The second,appearing in 19,is Zh奴 B膩ji猫,literally Eight-precepts Pig,sometimes translated as Pigsy or just Pig.He was previously Marshal T墨an P茅ng,commander of the Heavenly Naval forces,banished to the mortal realm for flirting with the Princess of the Moon Chang'e.He is characterized by his insatiable appetites for food and sex,and is constantly looking for a way out of his duties,but is always kept in line by S奴n W霉k艒ng.
The third,appearing in chapter 22,is the river-ogre Sh膩 W霉j矛ng,also translated as Friar Sand or Sandy.He was previously Great General who Folds the Curtain,banished to the mortal realm for dropping (and shattering) a crystal goblet of the Heavenly Queen Mother.He is a quiet but generally dependable character,who serves as the straight foil to the comic relief of S奴n and Zh奴.
Possibly to be counted as a fourth disciple is the third prince of the Dragon-King,Y霉l贸ng S膩nt脿iz菒,who was sentenced to death for setting fire to his father's great pearl.He was saved by Gu膩ny墨n from execution to stay and wait for his call of duty.He appears first in chapter 15,but has no speaking role,as throughout most of the story he appears in the transformed shape of a horse that Xu谩nz脿ng rides on.
Chapter 22,where Sh膩 is introduced,also provides an geographical boundary,as the river of quicksand that the travelers cross brings them into a new "continent".Chapters 23-86 take place in the wilderness,and consist of 24 episodes of varying length,each characterized by a different magical monster or evil magician.There are impassably wide rivers,flaming mountains,a kingdom ruled by women,a lair of seductive spider-spirits,and many other fantastic scenarios.Throughout the journey,the four brave disciples have to fend off attacks on their master and teacher Xu谩nz脿ng from various monsters and calamities.
It is strongly suggested that most of these calamities are engineered by fate and/or the Buddha,as,while the monsters who attack are vast in power and many in number,no real harm ever comes to the four travelers.Some of the monsters turn out to be escaped heavenly animals belonging to bodisattvas or Taoist sages and spirits.Towards the end of the book there is a scene where the Buddha literally commands the fulfillment of the last disaster,because Xu谩nz脿ng is one short of the eighty-one disasters he needs to attain Buddhahood.
In chapter 87,Xu谩nz脿ng finally reaches the borderlands of India,and chapters 87-99 present magical adventures in a somewhat more mundane (though still exotic) setting.At length,after a pilgrimage said to have taken fourteen years (the text actually only provides evidence for nine of those years,but presumably there was room to add additional episodes) they arrive at the half-real,half-legendary destination of Vulture Peak,where,in a scene simultaneously mystical and comic,Xu谩nz脿ng receives the scriptures from the living Buddha.
Chapter 100,the last of all,quickly describes the return journey to the T谩ng Empire,and the aftermath in which each traveler receives a reward in the form of posts in the bureaucracy of the heavens.S奴n W霉k艒ng and Xu谩nz脿ng achieve Buddhahood,W霉j矛ng becomes an arhat,the dragon is made a Naga,and B膩ji猫,whose good deeds have always been tempered by his greed,is promoted to an altar cleanser (ie.eater of offerings at altars).
姊佺?
The story is set in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
A young woman named Zhu Yingtai from Shangyu,Zhejiang,disguised herself as a man travelling to Hangzhou to study.During her journey,she met and joined Liang Shanbo,a companion schoolmate from Kuaiji in the same province.They studied together for three years,during which their relationship strengthened.When the two parted,Zhu offered to arrange for Liang to marry her 16 years old fictitious sister.When Liang travelled to Zhu's home,he discovered her true gender.Although they were devoted and passionate about each other at that point,Zhu was already engaged with Ma Wencai,a man her parents had arranged for her to be married to.Depressed,Liang died in office as a county magistrate.On the day Zhu was to be married to Ma,whirlwinds prevented the wedding procession from escorting Zhu beyond Liang's tomb.Zhu left the procession to pay her respects for Liang.Liang's tomb split apart,and Zhu dived into it to join him.A pair of butterflies emerged from the tomb and flew away.

Journey to the West (Simplified Chinese: 西游记) is one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Originally published anonymously in the 1590s during the Ming Dynasty, and even though no...

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Journey to the West (Simplified Chinese: 西游记) is one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Originally published anonymously in the 1590s during the Ming Dynasty, and even though no direct evidence of its authorship survives, it is ascribed to the scholar Wú Chéng'ēn since the 20th century.
The work is also known as Monkey from the title of a popular, abridged translation by Arthur Waley.
The novel is a fictionalized account of the legends around the Buddhist monk Xuánzàng's pilgrimage to India during the Táng dynasty in order to obtain Buddhist religious texts called sutras. The Bodhisattva Guānyīn, on instruction from the Buddha, gives this task to the monk and his three protectors in the form of disciples — namely Sūn Wùkōng, Zhū Bājiè and Shā Wùjìng — together with a dragon prince who acts as Xuánzàng's horse mount. These four characters have agreed to help Xuánzàng as an atonement for past sins.
Some scholars propose that the book is a work of satire on the effeteness of the Chinese government at the time. Journey to the West has a strong background in Chinese folk religion, Chinese mythology and value systems; the pantheon of Taoist and Buddhist deities is still reflective of Chinese folk religious beliefs today.
Part of the novel's enduring popularity comes from the fact that it works on multiple levels: it is a first-rate adventure story, a dispenser of spiritual insight, and an extended allegory in which the group of pilgrims journeying toward India stands for the individual journeying toward enlightenment.

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