让步状语从句和名词性从句.不很懂呀但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句.例如：Whatever(=No matter what)you say,I won ' t believe you.(Whatever 引导

让步状语从句和名词性从句.不很懂呀但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句.例如：Whatever(=No matter what)you say,I won ' t believe you.(Whatever 引导
让步状语从句和名词性从句.不很懂呀
但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句.例如：Whatever(=No matter what)you say,I won ' t believe you.(Whatever 引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么,我都不会相信你.
但这里就不能互换
可是按意思来我觉得也翻译的很通顺的啊
I ' ll eat whatever(≠no matter what)you give me.(whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么,我就吃什么.
Whoever comes will be welcome.(Whoever 引导主语从句) 不管谁来都受到欢迎.
能不能有谁具体讲解一下呢
或者分析句子结构来说明
不要转贴大家

让步状语从句和名词性从句.不很懂呀但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句.例如：Whatever(=No matter what)you say,I won ' t believe you.(Whatever 引导
引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though, although, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever.下面对这些连词引导的让步状语从句作一说明.

（1）though, although表示“虽然,纵然”之意.

这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用.在口语中,though较常使用,although比though正式,二者都可与yet, still或nevertheless连用,但不能与but连用.例如：

Though/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了,但仍然继续工作.

Although/Though he is very old, (yet)he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了,身体还很健壮.

值得注意的是,although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多,though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后.例如：

She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她虽然不用功学习,考试却及格了.

（2）as, though表示“虽然……但是”,“纵使……”之意.

as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形,though间或也用于这样的结构中,但although不可以这样用.例如：

Object as you may, I ' ll go.(=Though/Although you may object, I ' ll go.) 纵使你反对,我也要去.

Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力,但几乎没取得什么进步.

Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.（=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.）虽然他是一个孩子,但他知道该做什么.

Fast as you read, you can ' t finish the book so soon. 纵然你读得快,你也不能这么快读完这本书.

（3）even if, even though 表示“即使……”,“纵使……”之意.

这两个复合连词的意思基本相同.它们常可互换使用,但意义有细微差别.even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性,而even though引导让步状语从句时,是以从句的内容为先决条件的,也就是说,说话人肯定了从句的事实.例如：

We ' ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好,我们也要作一次旅行.

Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)即使他很穷,但她还是爱他.

Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He is poor, yet she loves him. )尽管他很穷,但她还是爱她.

（4）whether...or...表示“不论是否……”,“不管是……还是……”之意.

由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果.例如：

You ' ll have to attend the ceremony whether you ' re free or busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼.

Whether you believe it or not, it ' s true.无论你是否相信,这都是真的.

（5）“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……；不管……都……”,它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换.例如：

No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)无论发生了什么,他都不会介意的.

No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.不管你是谁,你都要遵纪守法.

但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句,而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句.例如：

Whatever(=No matter what)you say, I won ' t believe you. (Whatever 引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么,我都不会相信你.

I ' ll eat whatever(≠no matter what)you give me. (whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么,我就吃什么.

Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引导主语从句) 不管谁来都受到欢迎.

此外,有时while也可以引导让步状语从句,但一般要位于句首.例如：

While I like the colour, I don ' t like the shape.我虽然喜欢那颜色,但不喜欢那形状.

综上所述,我们可以看出,学习让步状语从句的关键是关联词的选用；其次,要注意的是由as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序.
1、that和what都可以引导名词性从句,但that是连接词,本身无词义,仅起连接作用






,不在从句中担任任何成份；what是连接代词,不仅引导名词性从句,而且在从句中充当一定的成份,如主语、宾语或表语.
例 That he stole a bike was true. 他偷了一部自行车是真的.
The important thing is what you do, but not what you say. 重要的是你做什么,而不是说什么.
2、单个的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语,谓语动词则用复数形式.
例 Where and when he was born has not been found. 他出生在何时何地还不知道.
When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 那个人何时被谋杀,为什么被谋杀尚不知道.
3、在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序,即使从句表达的是疑问含义.
例 The problem is what he has done to the little boy. 问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么.
4、连接词that引导的主语从句放在句首时,that不能省略.但为避免头重脚轻,可以用it作为形式主语,而把主语从句放到后面.如果that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,必须以it作形式主语而把主语从句后置.
例 Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 那个科学家下个星期给我们作报告是真的吗?
5、宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响,如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时,则从句中的谓语动只能用过去时的某种形式,但如果从句表达的是客观真理或客观存在则不受此影响.
例 We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.我们相信他已经挣够足够的钱来建造房屋.

针对此句来讲，是一个主谓宾的结构，eat后跟宾语从句，宾语从句，主语从句，同位语从句，表语从均属于名词性从句的范畴。引导名词性从句，故用whatever.当然whatever也可引导状语从句。

不知道你是初中生，还是高中生，下面的资料几乎全面讲述了可数名词和不可数名词，如果是高中生，相信会收获颇丰的，如果是初中生，就适当选择阅读。
名词是表示人或物的名称的词，可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。普通名词由表示某一类人或物的个体的个体名词、表示由若干个体组成的集合体的集体名词、表示无法分为个体的实物的物质名词、以及表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念的抽象名词组成；专有名词则是个人、...

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不知道你是初中生，还是高中生，下面的资料几乎全面讲述了可数名词和不可数名词，如果是高中生，相信会收获颇丰的，如果是初中生，就适当选择阅读。
名词是表示人或物的名称的词，可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。普通名词由表示某一类人或物的个体的个体名词、表示由若干个体组成的集合体的集体名词、表示无法分为个体的实物的物质名词、以及表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念的抽象名词组成；专有名词则是个人、地方、机构、组织等所专有的名称。
1.1 可数名词与不可数名词(Countable nouns and uncountable nouns)
从词的形式来看，英语名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。可数与不可数是英语名词的最基本类别。一般说来，个体名词是可数名词；物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词是不可数名词；集体名词则有的可数， 有的不可数。
1.1.1 可数名词与不可数名词(Countable nouns and uncountable nouns)
a. 可数名词有单、复数形式，单数形式可用a/ an; 不可数名词没有复数形式，单数形式前不用a/ an，但可用the或不用。例如：
Tom is a little boy.
There are 20 boys in our class.
Fish and poultry are usually not called meat.
I'll pay for the meat.
b. 名词的数影响句子中与之有关的谓语动词、限定词等。例如：
There are many/ some/ a lot of/ (a) few people in the park.
There are not many/ any people in the park.
There is much/ some/ a lot of/ (a) little/ a great deal of/ a fair
amount of water.
There is not much/ any water.
c. 下列名词常用作不可数名词：
accommodation, advice, baggage, behavior, bread, cash, cloth,clothing, coal, equipment, fun, furniture, grass, harm, information, ink, knowledge, labour, laughter, leisure, luck, lightning, living, luggage, machinery, meat, money, news, paper, permission,
popularity, progress, rice, scenery, soap, sugar, tea, traffic, travel, trouble, thunder, weather, work等。
1.1.2 可数名词与不可数名词之间的相互转化(Conversion of uncountable into countable and countable into uncountable) 可数名词与不可数名词在一定条件下可以相互转化。
a. 物质名词一般是不可数的，但用来表示具体、个别事物，或表示各种不同品种时，通常是可数的，如different coffees,
various soaps。再看以下例子：
Do you care for tea?
Long-jing is a well-known tea.
We were not allowed to buy wine at lunch time.
I like wines.
b. 抽象名词一般是不可数的，但当它前后有修饰语表示"某一种"或"某一方面"的抽象概念时，其前可加a/ an。例如：
A good map would be a help.
It was a relief to sit down.
He had a good knowledge of mathematics.
c. 某些物质名词或抽象名词用作复数时，词义往往起变化。例如：
Light（光）travels faster than sound.
The lights（灯）are on.
He is a teacher of five years' experience（经验）.
He is relating to us his experiences（经历）as an explorer.
d. 有些集体名词，如audience, committee, class, couple, crew,
family, team, government, jury, party, public等，既可作单数，
又可作复数。把集体视为一个整体时，用作单数；指该集体
的各个成员时，用作复数。例如：
The audience is enormous.
The audience are enjoying every minute of the play.
His family is small.
My family are all doctors.
1.2 复数(Plural)
1.2.1 英语名词的复数构成(Formation of the plural of English nouns)
a. 英语可数名词的规则复数形式，是在词尾加-s。例如：
desks, maps, lakes, workers, fields, days, miles, pages, horses
b. 如词尾为ch, sh, ss或x，在词尾加-es。例如：
church→churches, bush→bushes, class→classes, box→boxes
c. 如词尾为-f或-fe，一般变为-ves; 有的加-s即可；而有的
则既可变为-ves，又可只加-s。例如：
calf→calves, half→halves, knife→knives, leaf→leaves,
life→lives, loaf→loaves, self→selves, shelf→shelves,
thief→thieves, wife→wives, wolf→wolves;
belief→beliefs, chief→chiefs, roof→roofs, safe→safes,
handkerchief→handkerchiefs；
hoof→hooves/ hoofs, scarf→scarves/ scarfs,
wharf→wharves/ wharfs
d. 如词尾为-y，则变y为i，再加-es。例如：
party→parties, factory→factories, family→families
e. 如词尾为o，有的加-es；有的加-s；有的则既可加-es，又可只加-s。例如：
echo→echoes, hero→heroes, potato→potatoes,
tomato→tomatoes;
radio→radios, piano→pianos, photo→photos, zoo→zoos;
buffalo→buffalo(e)s, cargo→cargo(e)s, mosquito→mosquito(e)s,
volcano→volcano(e)s
f. 表示字母、数字及其它词类的复数时，词尾常加-'s，有时只加-s。例如：
Her J's look like T's.
Since the beginning of the 90's, the town has changed a lot.
Don't interrupt me with your buts.
g. 一些不规则变化的名词复数形式：
child→children, foot→feet, goose→geese, man→men,mouse→mice, ox→oxen, tooth→teeth, woman→women
h. 有些以-s结尾的名词通常只有复数形式：
scissors, goods, trousers, clothes, pants, spectacles;belongings, findings, savings, surroundings;contents, mumps, measles, stairs
i. 有些集体名词用作复数：
cattle, police, people, militia, poultry
1.2.2 源自希腊文或拉丁文的外来词(Words of Greek or Latin origin)
一些外来词有以下的复数变化形式：
a. 词尾-is变成-es: analysis→analyses, basis→bases,crisis→crises
b. 词尾-um变成-a:
curriculum（课程）→curricula, datum（资料，数据）→data, medium（媒体）→media
c. 词尾-on变成-a:
criterion（标准）→criteria/ criterions , phenomenon→phenomena
d. 词尾-us变成-i:
nucleus→nuclei, stimulus→stimuli, syllabus（教学大纲）→syllabi
e. 词尾-a变成-ae:
antenna（天线）→antennae/ antennas,
formula（准则，公式）→formulae
f. 词尾-ix/ -ex变成-ices:
appendix（附录）→appendices, index（索引）→indices/ indexes
1.2.3 具有两种不同意义的复数形式(Two forms of the plural with
differentiated meaning)
有些名词的复数具有两种不同意思，一个与单数的意思相同，另一个则为别的意思。例如：
arms手臂（复数）；武器
customs习惯（复数）；关税
minutes 分钟（复数）；记录
1.2.4 单数形式(Singular form)
a. 有的名词单复数同形：
Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep, means, series, species，以及jin
(斤）、li（里）、yuan（元）等汉语译名。例如：
one sheep/ two sheep
b. 有些以-s结尾的学科名词或国名，作单数用：
phonetics（语音学），physics，optics（光学），politics;
the United States, the United Nations, the Netherlands等。
c. 有些和数词连用的名词，表示复数时仍保持单数形式：
a ten-pound baby, a twelve-foot pole, two dozen eggs,
three million dollars
1.2.5 复合名词(Compound nouns)
a. 句法复合名词的复数形式：
1）词尾加-s: bedrooms, bookcases
2）前后两个名词均需变为复数：
manservant→menservants, woman doctor→women doctors
3）少数复合名词可在第一或第二个词后加-s:
attorney general→attorneys general/ attorney generals
4）名词后加-s:
looker-on→lookers-on, son-in-law→sons-in-law
5）词尾加-s: grown-up→grown-ups,sit-in→sit-ins
6）动词-ing形式后加-s: coming-in→comings-in
b. 衔头、称谓的复数形式：
the two Browns, Drs.William and Henry Brown
1.3 单位名词(Unit nouns)
单位名词用来表示不可数名词的个体性，即使之能以个数计算；也能与可数名词搭配表示"一双"，"一群"等意义。除了搭配能力很强的piece和bit以外，还有表示形状、容积、重量以及表示成双、成群的单位名词。例如：
a piece/ bit of advice/ bread/ information/ news；
a bar of chocolate/ a cake of soap/ a loaf of bread/ a pack of cigarettes；
a bag of flour/ a basket of fruit/ a pound of butter/ a yard of fabric；
a couple of players/ a flock of birds/ a pair of shoes/ a swarm of bees等。
1.4 名词属格(Genitive nouns)
英语名词有两种属格：-'s属格和of-属格。例如：
What is the school's name?
What is the name of the school?
1.4.1 -'s属格和of-属格(-s genitive and of genitive)
a. 两种属格表示的意义
1）所有关系：
Mr Brown's suitcase (相当于Mr Brown has a suitcase.)
the trunk of an elephant (相当于An elephant has a trunk.)
2）主谓关系：
Dr Smith's answer (相当于Dr Smith answered---)
the claim of the buyers (相当于The buyers claimed---)
3）动宾关系：
the boy's punishment (相当于--- punished the boy.)
the occupation of the Island (相当于--- occupied the island.)
4）事物的来源：
the girl's story (相当于a story told by the girl)
the laws of Newton (相当于the laws advanced by Newton)
5）事物的类别：
a doctor's degree (相当于a doctoral degree)
women's magazines (相当于magazines for women)
6）同位关系：
the city of New York (相当于New York is a city.)
the pleasure of meeting you (相当于Meeting you is a pleasure.)
7）其它：
10 days' absence/ an absence of 10 days
(相当于The absence lasted 10 days.)
parts of the problem
(相当于The problem is divisible into parts.)
b. -'s属格的使用：
1）主要用于表示有生命的名词，如women's clothes, the horse's
mouth等。
2）用于国家机关、社团及一些地理名称，如the government's
plan, Europe's future等。
3）用于交通工具等，如the ship's bell, the car's engine 等。
4）用于表示时间、距离、价值和重量的名词，如a moment's
thought, seven hours' walk, six dollars' worth, two tons' weight
等。
5）常用于一些习惯用语中，如in my mind's eye, in life's
struggle等。
c. of-属格的使用：
主要用于表示无生命的名词，如the events of the decade, the
door of the hut等。
d. -'s属格的省略：
-'s属格后的名词有以下情况可以省略：
1）被修饰名词在句中已出现过，例如：
His car is faster than his father's (car).
2）被修饰名词表示某人的家，例如：
The doctor's (house) is on the other side of the street.
3）被修饰名词表示教堂、学校等公共建筑物，例如：
Joe lives near St. Paul's (Cathedral) in London.
4）被修饰名词表示某家店铺，例如：
Pickled vegetables are available at the grocer's.
1.4.2 双重属格(Double genitive)
兼有两种属格结构的后置修饰语叫做双重属格。
a. 双重属格用来表示的所有关系是人，不是物。例如：
a/ any friend of mine (=one/ any of my friends)
some daughters of Mrs Green's
(=some of Mrs Green's daughters)
two novels of Dickens' (=two of Dickens' novels)
上面的例子说明，双重属格可用a, any, some 及数词等修饰of
短语前面的名词，但不能用the，如不能说" the daughters of
Mrs Green's"。
b. 双重属格还常用this，that，these 和those 修饰of短语前面的名词， 以表示爱憎褒贬等情感。例如：
this idea of yours
that remark of David's
these shoes of my sister's
those dirty hands of Peter's

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