英语作文课件
篇一:英语作文课件
作文写作思路
1.审题,写什么
2.思路、布局,怎么写
3.提纲:把文章三段(开头、主体、结尾)的主题句写出,然后列出支撑句的要点
4.文章写作
5.修改(通读原文,检查语言错误)
1.内容不跑题即可,注意:1.不要妄图以情动人;
2.不要妄图在构思上出奇制胜。
2.结构上牢记总分总:先写主题句(Topic Sentence),再写分论点,最后写总结句(Conclusion)。
3.写完之后修改注意:(内容方面尽量不要修改)注意时间和卷面尽量整洁。
1、字母大小写
2、标点符号
3、单词拼写
4、主谓一致
5、动词时态
6、名词单复数
首先,一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想,该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题(stick or hold to the topic),这就是段落的统一性(unity)。其次,一个段落必须有若干拓展句(拓展手段:运用列举分类、细节说明、比较对照、正反论证等手段),使主题思想得到充分展开,从而给读者一个完整的感觉,这就是完整性(completeness or adequateness)。再者,一个段落不是杂乱无章的,而是有机的组合,句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑,从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅(smooth),这就是连贯性(coherence)。
A.按时间先后排列(chronological arrangement)
B. 按位置远近排列(spatial arrangement)
C. 按逻辑关系排列(logical arrangement)
a. 按重要性顺序排列(arrangement in order of importance)
b.由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specific arrangement)
c. 由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-general arrangement)
引出不同观点:
1.People's views on... vary from person to person. Some hold that... . However, others believe that....
人们对...的观点因人而异.有些人认为.....然而其他人却认为...
2.People may have different opinions on...
人们对...可能会有不同的见解.
3.Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person.
人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异.
4.There are different opinions among people as to...
关于.... 人们的观点大不相同.
5.Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure).
对(失败)人们的态度各不相同.
给出原因:
1.This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, ... Second, ... Third, ... 这一现象的存在是有许多原因的.首先, ... 第二, ... 第三, ...
2.Why did... ? For one thing... For another.... Perhaps the primary reason is... 为什么会...? 一个原因是... 令一个原因是...或许其主要原因是....
3.I quite agree with the statement that... the reasons are chiefly as follows.
我十分赞同这一论述,即...,其主要原因如下:
结尾部分
1.Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that...
2.Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that...
3.Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that...
4.There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.
5.All in all, we cannot live without... But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.
六种常用经典句型
1)主语从句
1.It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.
2.It is well-known that…
3.It is obvious / apparent that…
4.It goes without saying that… It is universally acknowledged that…
2)宾(表)语从句
1.We cannot understand why he was so cruel to his roommates.
2.The problem is not who will go, but who will stay.
3)定语从句(限定性和非限定性)
1.As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described…in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…,
2.There are many reasons why I want to study in your university.
3.It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.
4)状语从句(时间,原因,地点,条件,让步,转折等)
1.Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student
5)倒装句
Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.
6)被动句
Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem.
Many people believe that…(It is believed that…)
Directions: In this section, you are asked to write a composition entitled Should people own cars or not? Your composition should be based on the outline given below. Your composition should be at least 150 words.
Outline:
1、有人赞成个人买车。
2、也有人持相反观点。
3、你的看法。
Should People Own Cars or Not?
There is no denying the fact that it has been a hotly debated topic in China whether people should have their own cars. People’s opinions differ sharply on this issue. Some hold the positive view. They say that the car provides the most convenient form of transportation. Besides, a car is a comfortable way to travel, especially in winter. Finally, a driver is usually safe in his car when he is out at night.
Others, however, hold the opposite view. They say that there are many disadvantages to owning a car. For one thing, it can be very expensive to purchase and run a car. For another, owning a car can also cause worry and stress.
It is exhausting to drive a car in heavy traffic. What is worse, cars are responsible for most of the smog in cities, which pollutes the environment seriously.
In spite of all the above mentioned, I still favor owning a car. The reason is that the car gives a person the freedom to schedule his own time. Though we are confronted with a problem of energy crisis, I am sure that the real solution will have to be a new kind of car, one that uses cheap, efficient fuel and does not contaminate the air.
临场写作技巧:黄金三原则
①翻译提纲句作为中心句,放在段首;
②确定主体段落,主体段落要列举和分类,并运用连接词;
③加入醒目、吸引评卷人眼球的细节信息,句子要正确、出彩。
备考建议
1.写作,每天写一个30-50个字的小句子,小段落,想写什么就写什么。
2.多读范文,记下重要写作内容、背诵一些模版句型和高分词汇
Goodluck!
篇二:商务英语作文课件
初级商务英语写作
第一讲 商务英语写作的过程与基本要求 商务英语写作的过程:
准备——深思熟虑
准备工作可以采用多种形式。具体讲,一般需要对以下几方面有明确的认识:
1. 作者的角色
一般来说,首先要判定交际双方的等级关系和亲疏关系,然后即可确定交际走向是否应为上行文、下行文或平行文。划分出这个界限,才能做到语言准确得体。
2. 读者的角色
读者信息包括:
-身份(决定语气)
-专业水平(决定用词)
-人数
-主次
3. 预期的目的
效率是第一位的,因此最好开门见山,切中主题;文字应简洁明了。
起稿——条理分明
在写的过程中,我们需要完成如下几项任务:
1. 确定篇幅
一般分为开头、主体、结尾三部分。
读者视角:迅速捕捉头尾信息。
2. 组织布局
商务文章注重逻辑性,结构严谨,环环相扣。
由近至远,由浅至深,由轻至重。
3. 区分类别
在给自己的文章定位时,以下几点值得我们注意。
ⅰ 记叙与非记叙
ⅱ 互动性与单向性
ⅲ 抽象信息与具体信息 ⅳ 客观描述与主观判断
定稿——精雕细琢
定稿的标准尺度:
? 布局合理,层次分明
? 信息合理,内容完整
? 语气恰当,适合读者
? 语句连贯,一气呵成
? 句型丰富,短句为主
? 措辞到位,表达准确
商务写作的基本要求:
在写作过程中都必须遵循的六大原则,即准确(Correctness)、清楚(Clarity)、简明(Conciseness)、具体(Concreteness)、完整(Completeness)、和礼貌(Courtesy),也叫做商务写作的6C原则。
第一条原则:准确(correctness)。从广义上讲,商务英语写作的准确性原则包括四层意义:阅读人能理解、接受的英语水平;使用精确措词,传达准确信息;正确地使用语法和标点符号;拼写正确。
(1)恰当的语言风格
我们在撰写正式的商务英语写作时,应尽量使用正规的语言;而当起草非正式的商务便条、商务便函及商务书信时,可使用较通俗的口语。请比较下面两组例词:
(2)准确的措词和信息
商务写作离不开商务术语,一般常用的商业术语用字简洁。商务英语写作应该特别注意措词和信息的正确性。
(3)正确的语法和标点符号
常见的标点符号错误主要出现在逗号、冒号、省字号等。
常见的语法错误一般出现在以下几个方面:
①主谓之间的一致关系
②代词与先行词之间的一致关系
③悬垂句
④修饰语与被修饰语之间的一致关系
⑤状语的位置
(4)正确的拼写
第二条原则:清楚(Clarity)。写作中要合理安排要点,运用正确的句型句法,突出重点,层次分明。
(1)逻辑布局(Logical Organization)
常用的逻辑布局方法包括:
①因果关系(Cause & Effect)
②时间顺序(Chronological Development)
③序列顺序(Sequential Development)
④比较(Comparison)
⑤一般到特殊(From General to Specific)
⑥特殊到一般(From Specific to General)
(2)合理构架句群与段落(Well-Written Sentences & Paragraphs)
在商务英语写作中,应该合理安排句子和段落的结构与长度,把各种长句、短句、简句、复杂句等最佳组合成长度恰当的段落。请看例句:Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago, and it now has
branch offices in four states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals. ( poor ) Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago. With branch offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals. ( revised )
(3)统一性与一致性(Unity and Coherence)
一篇商务写作的每一个段落都要围绕一个论点从不同方面进行论证,而在每一个段落中又都有一个主题句(topic sentence),一般安排在段首或段尾,而其它的句子则围绕着它进行论证,全文就这样一步进一步,一环扣一环地统一在主题思想上。而且,句子与句子之间,段落与段落之间都要前后呼应,首尾连贯。
(4)强调(Emphasis)
在商务英语写作中,有时需要强调某些单词、词组、句子,突出它们的作用,可以采用一些技巧手段,如下加横线,大写,或不同的字体、颜色等。
(5)避免采用模糊的语句(ambiguous sentence)
注意将句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近
第三条原则:简洁(Conciseness)。简洁是现代商务英语写作的发展趋势,是在保证内容完整无损的前提下用尽可能少的词句来阐明主题。商务英语写作要求既筒短扼要,又不失完整与清楚明白,还要包括必要的礼貌。
(1)用简洁的语言(Use simple language)
尽量使用避免使用
please will you be good enough to prefer express a preference for
becausefor the reason that
ask request
buy purchase
needrequest
do accomplish
letter communication
(2)少用陈词滥调(Omit trite expressions)
下表列出的是一些常见的陈词滥调:
in the near future
it has come to my attention
at your earliest possible convenience
avail yourself of this opportunity
don' t hesitate
take the liberty to
due to the fact that
thanking you in advance
enclosed herein
with kindest regards
(3)避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复(avoid wordy expressions & unnecessary repetition)
(4)删改无关紧要的成份(Remove unneeded facts)
如果句中的某些成份被删除后不影响句子的原意,那么就应该毫不犹豫地把它们删改掉。如下面句子中的划线部分被删去后并不影响句子的原义: It should be noted that this is the best we can do。
(5)多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思
请比较下面两个句子:
Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next week. Johnsons will pay their accounts next week.
第四条原则:具体(Concreteness)。商务英语写作要求内容书写得具体和明确,因此,尽量使用确定、具体的语言,直接了当地传递信息,说明问题,切忌笼统模糊。
(1) 尽可能地提供明确、具体的信息。
(2)使用具体词汇 避免使用抽象的词汇,因为抽象的词汇往往令人感觉模糊笼统。
第五条原则:完整(Completeness) 。商务英语写作的内容务必完整周密,任何要点的遗漏都可能导致重大损失。
第六条原则:礼貌(Courtesy) 。商务英语写作中的礼貌原则,并不是指采用一些客套的句式,而是指一种贯彻于全文的尊重、理解和体谅对方的态度。
以下是几条有助于礼貌的写作方法:
? 使用礼貌友好的词汇
? 体谅对方的写作态度(You-Attitude)
? 措辞得体(Appropriate Wording)
? 避免使用有性别歧视之嫌的词语
? 及时答复(Timely Response)
课后练习
练习一:Compare the following pairs of sentences, choose the better one and state your reason:
(1) A. I have pleasure in informing you.
B. I m pleased to tell you.
(2) A. Please tell (or, inform) us.
B. Please be good enough to advise us.
(3) A. Please do not anticipate any increase in prices.
B. We do not expect prices to rise.
(4) A. Will you kindly send us a reply before the end of the month for which a stamped envelope is enclosed.
B. Will you please send us a reply in the enclosed envelope before the end of the month.
(5) A. I was informed that you had a typewriter for sale and would like to know if it is still on sale; if so, please advise me as to the price.
B. If you still have the typewriter which you offered for sale, please inform me of the price.
(6) A. It is not our intention to suggest that you should keep unsatisfactory
merchandise, so we are willing to ask you to return it to us at once, and will be glad to make an exchange.
B. We are sorry that the merchandise is not up to standard and we shall gladly make an exchange.
(7) A. We have your remittance OF January 30 in the amount of $ 100, and wish at this time to thank you for it.
B. Thank you for your remittance of January 30 for S 100.
(8) A. Your letter in reply to ours of May 18 came this morning, and now we do not understand any more clearly your complaint than we did before.
B.Thank you for your Letter of May 20. In order that we may be of the
greatest possible help to you, will you please tell' us just what you wish us to do about the matters.
篇三:商务英语作文课件
第一讲 商务英语写作的过程与基本要求
准备——深思熟虑
准备工作可以采用多种形式。具体讲,一般需要对以下几方面有明确的认识:
1. 作者的角色
一般来说,首先要判定交际双方的等级关系和亲疏关系,然后即可确定交际走向是否应为上行文、下行文或平行文。划分出这个界限,才能做到语言准确得体。
2. 读者的角色
读者信息包括:
-身份(决定语气)
-专业水平(决定用词)
-人数
-主次
3. 预期的目的
效率是第一位的,因此最好开门见山,切中主题;文字应简洁明了。
起稿——条理分明
在写的过程中,我们需要完成如下几项任务:
1. 确定篇幅
一般分为开头、主体、结尾三部分。
读者视角:迅速捕捉头尾信息。
2. 组织布局
商务文章注重逻辑性,结构严谨,环环相扣。
由近至远,由浅至深,由轻至重。
3. 区分类别
在给自己的文章定位时,以下几点值得我们注意。
ⅰ 记叙与非记叙
ⅱ 互动性与单向性
ⅲ 抽象信息与具体信息
ⅳ 客观描述与主观判断
定稿——精雕细琢
定稿的标准尺度:
? 布局合理,层次分明
? 信息合理,内容完整
? 语气恰当,适合读者
? 语句连贯,一气呵成
? 句型丰富,短句为主
? 措辞到位,表达准确
商务写作的基本要求:
在写作过程中都必须遵循的六大原则,即准确(Correctness)、清楚(Clarity)、简明(Conciseness)、具体(Concreteness)、完整(Completeness)、和礼貌(Courtesy),也叫做商务写作的6C原则。
第一条原则:准确(correctness)
从广义上讲,商务英语写作的准确性原则包括四层意义:
? 阅读人能理解、接受的英语水平
? 使用精确措词,传达准确信息
? 正确地使用语法和标点符号
? 拼写正确
(1)恰当的语言风格
我们在撰写正式的商务英语写作时,应尽量使用正规的语言;而当起草非正式的商务便条、商务便函及商务书信时,可使用较通俗的口语。请比较下面两组例词:
(2)准确的措词和信息
商务写作离不开商务术语,一般常用的商业术语用字简洁。商务英语写作应该特别注意措词和信息的正确性。
(3)正确的语法和标点符号
常见的标点符号错误主要出现在逗号、冒号、省字号等。
常见的语法错误一般出现在以下几个方面:
①主谓之间的一致关系
②代词与先行词之间的一致关系
③悬垂句
④修饰语与被修饰语之间的一致关系
⑤状语的位置
(4)正确的拼写
第二条原则:清楚(Clarity)
写作中要合理安排要点,运用正确的句型句法,突出重点,层次分明。
(1)逻辑布局(Logical Organization)
常用的逻辑布局方法包括:
①因果关系(Cause & Effect)
②时间顺序(Chronological Development)
③序列顺序(Sequential Development)
④比较(Comparison)
⑤一般到特殊(From General to Specific)
⑥特殊到一般(From Specific to General)
(2)合理构架句群与段落(Well-Written Sentences & Paragraphs)
在商务英语写作中,应该合理安排句子和段落的结构与长度,把各种长句、短句、简句、复杂句等最佳组合成长度恰当的段落。请看例句:Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago, and it now has branch offices in four states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals. ( poor ) Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago. With branch offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals. ( revised )
(3)统一性与一致性(Unity and Coherence)
一篇商务写作的每一个段落都要围绕一个论点从不同方面进行论证,而在每一个段落中又都有一个主题句(topic sentence),一般安排在段首或段尾,而其它的句子则围绕着它进行论证,全文就这样一步进一步,一环扣一环地统一在主题思想上。而且,句子与句子之间,段落与段落之间都要前后呼应,首尾连贯。
(4)强调(Emphasis)
在商务英语写作中,有时需要强调某些单词、词组、句子,突出它们的作用,可以采用一些技巧手段,如下加横线,大写,或不同的字体、颜色等。
(5)避免采用模糊的语句(ambiguous sentence)
注意将句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近
第三条原则:简洁(Conciseness)
简洁是现代商务英语写作的发展趋势,是在保证内容完整无损的前提下用尽可能少的词句来阐明主题。商务英语写作要求既筒短扼要,又不失完整与清楚明白,还要包括必要的礼貌。
(1)用简洁的语言(Use simple language)
尽量使用避免使用
please will you be good enough to
prefer express a preference for
becausefor the reason that
ask request
buy purchase
needrequest
do accomplish
letter communication
(2)少用陈词滥调(Omit trite expressions)
下表列出的是一些常见的陈词滥调:
in the near future
it has come to my attention
at your earliest possible convenience
avail yourself of this opportunity
don' t hesitate
take the liberty to
due to the fact that
thanking you in advance
enclosed herein
with kindest regards
(3)避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复(avoid wordy expressions & unnecessary repetition)
(4)删改无关紧要的成份(Remove unneeded facts)
如果句中的某些成份被删除后不影响句子的原意,那么就应该毫不犹豫地把它们删改掉。如下面句子中的划线部分被删去后并不影响句子的原义: It should be noted that this is the best we can do。
(5)多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思
请比较下面两个句子:
Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next week. Johnsons will pay their accounts next week.
第四条原则:具体(Concreteness)
商务英语写作要求内容书写得具体和明确,因此,尽量使用确定、具体的语言,直接了当地传递信息,说明问题,切忌笼统模糊。
(1) 尽可能地提供明确、具体的信息。
(2)使用具体词汇 避免使用抽象的词汇,因为抽象的词汇往往令人感觉模糊笼统。
第五条原则:完整(Completeness)
商务英语写作的内容务必完整周密,任何要点的遗漏都可能导致重大损失。
第六条原则:礼貌(Courtesy)
商务英语写作中的礼貌原则,并不是指采用一些客套的句式,而是指一种贯彻于全文的尊重、理解和体谅对方的态度
以下是几条有助于礼貌的写作方法:
? 使用礼貌友好的词汇
? 体谅对方的写作态度(You-Attitude)
? 措辞得体(Appropriate Wording)
? 避免使用有性别歧视之嫌的词语
? 及时答复(Timely Response)
课后练习
练习一:Compare the following pairs of sentences, choose the better one and state your reason:
(1) A. I have pleasure in informing you.
B. I m pleased to tell you.
(2) A. Please tell (or, inform) us.
B. Please be good enough to advise us.
(3) A. Please do not anticipate any increase in prices.
B. We do not expect prices to rise.
(4) A. Will you kindly send us a reply before the end of the month for which a stamped envelope is enclosed.
B. Will you please send us a reply in the enclosed envelope before the end of the month.
(5) A. I was informed that you had a typewriter for sale and would like to know if it is still on sale; if so, please advise me as to the price.
B. If you still have the typewriter which you offered for sale, please inform me of the price.
(6) A. It is not our intention to suggest that you should keep unsatisfactory
merchandise, so we are willing to ask you to return it to us at once, and will be glad to make an exchange.
B. We are sorry that the merchandise is not up to standard and we shall gladly make an exchange.
(7) A. We have your remittance OF January 30 in the amount of $ 100, and wish at this time to thank you for it.
B. Thank you for your remittance of January 30 for S 100.
英语作文