英语四级写作技巧
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篇一:大学英语四级作文技巧
Brainstormig
1.with given outline) outline).
2. 根据确定的题目类型,从大脑的资料库中选出适合的模板。
3.对于开放型的题目,要认真的理解(interpretation / comprehension), 抓住讨论的核心,不要仅停留在现象表面。
开放型的题目的文章设计:
提纲式作文题目的文章设计:
对立观点式
1.A.点明文章主题
2.B.有人认为X 是好事,赞成X, 为什么? 有人认为X 是坏事, 反对X,
为什么?
3.C.我的看法。
Nobody could deny the fact /phenomenon that …
支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。
do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。
There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X
outweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned positive effects it might bring about, X also may 一个好处。
社会问题式
Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that ________(问题的对象
)have
been a grave problem with which we are confronted.
__________(问题的对象) are bound to generate severe consequences if we 危害一). What?s
worse(危害二). Last but not the least, (危害三)
In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures must be taken
before things get worse. On the one hand, ________(措施一). On the other hand, ______(措施二). With proper laws and an alert public, it will only be a matter of time for …to become things of the past.
社会现象式
1. 指出现象 然后举例或说明意义,影响
2. 分析原因
3. 你的看法
phenomenon that ……, which has gradually drawn the public’s attention.
Many elements account for this phenomenon. First of all, ……. What’s
more, ……. Finally, ……
As far as I’m concerned, ……can be a truly advisable choice for ……,
which……
图表式
特别注意:
1. 看清图表,应用数字准确。
2. 描述时,数字跟着时间走。
3. …..在上升/ 增加,(….. 在下降/ 减少)
(图表作文的特点体现在第一段,请一定多加注意!!!)
第二段的写法同上一模板
第三段对未来发展预测,增加一原因
Keep in mind:
1. 长短句交替使用。
2. 少用 “There be.....” 句型:
原因 :A) 太平淡,没有亮点。
BEg: 有几个原因导致(可以解释)这种现象。 × )
→Several reasons explain this phenomenon.
Or:
3. 句式多样性:
so...... that......
Only
关于定语从句: A. 一般不用一个定语从句修饰一个词
B. 用非限定性定语从句来表示结果或意义,使句式更紧凑,
句意更丰富
4. 使文章更紧凑,更有层次感。
★ 适用于三点的情况
1)to start with, next, in addition, finally
※ 2)first and foremost, besides, last but not (the) least
3)most important of all, moreover, finally
(注意: 如果连接的是危害或不好的结果:第二点用“worse still / what’s worse ) ★ 适用于两点的情况
1)on the one hand, on the other hand
2)for one thing, for another thing
5. 关于词汇的问题:
1)多用具体词汇,少用笼统词汇
2)避免重复使用单一词汇,可用近义词做替换
essential, indispensable, significant, momentous,major
critical, vital,key,core( 名, essence(名),
3) 学习基本构词法,增加理解力和造词能力
A. 形容词 + 名词-ed→ 形容词
white / hair empty / mind
B.名词 + 及物动词ing →形容词 save / energy hunt / job
C. 名词 + 动词 – ed →形容词
earthquake / struck hate / fill
D. 副词+ 动词-ed → 形容词
客满的新建的
6. 要避免出现如下表达不严肃的“口水话”
×
7. 提高整体质量
We can use computer to talk with each other, for example sing e-mail,QQ. We can go shopping in our house by computers. We can learn much knowledge.
→ Computers facilitate the communication between people. People can enjoy on-line talk or exchange e-mails easily. What?s more, computers provide convenience for
people to do shopping just at home. The last but not least, computers also broaden our views and keep us well-informed.
需记忆的抢分句型
1. Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例句:Nothing is more significant than to receive education.
没有比接受教育更重要的事。
2. So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子 (如此...以致于...)
例句:So precious is time that we can?t afford to waste it.
时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。
3. Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...)
例句:Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
4. It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)
例句:It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。
5. ~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (..使..能够..)
例句:Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
6. ~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.
(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。)
例句:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
7句子~~ (全世界都知道...)
well-accepted
例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
8.There is no one but ~~~ does~(没有人不...)
例句:There is no one but longs to go to college.
没有人不渴望上大学。
考试作文实用替换词
1、individuals, characters, folks 2、positive, favorable, rosy (美好的),promising (有希望的),perfect, pleasurable ,
excellent, outstanding, superior 3、dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的) 替换bad
4、(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of,) 替换many.
5、harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替换 think (因为是书面语,所以要加that)
6、affair ,business,matter 替换thing
7、for my part , from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion
8、Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词,副词用increasingly.
Eg.sth has gained growing popularity.
Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.
9、beneficial, rewarding替换helpful,
10、customer, client, consumer, purchaser, 替换shopper
11、exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换very
12、hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替换 unnecessary, avoidable
13、capture one's attention替换attract one's attention.
14、give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.
15、desire 替换want.
16、pour attention into 替换pay attention to
17、bear in mind that 替换remember
18、enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)
19、frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth
20、to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance
必须记忆的词:
nowadays 现在
phenomenon 现象 (复:phenomena)
increasingly (副词)越来越.......(修饰形容词,副词)
outweigh(及物动词) 比..........更多,更重
consequence (名词)(不好的)后果
indispensable(形容词)不可替代的
virtually (副词) 几乎
account for 解释
篇二:大学英语四级作文应试技巧
大学英语四级作文应试技巧
在较高层次的英语考试中,写作是必不可少的题目,因为应考者的真正英语水平会在此题中体现得最明显。现在四级考试中的写作已采用新的计分原则,作文的好坏直接影响考生的总成绩。我们知道,写作的功夫不是一朝一夕就能练就的,写作技巧需要时间和心血来提高。然而,大部分非英语专业的学生都缺乏足够的时间和精力去练习写作,因此,对于这部分为应战大英四级而疲于奔命的学生来说,如何能简捷有效地提高写作水平确是一件迫在眉睫的事情。以下笔者准备通过回答几个大家共同关心的问题来助大家一臂之力。 1. 什么是高分作文?
高分作文的要素是体现在阅卷人员所依据的评分原则和评分标准——总体评分(Global Scoring)之中的。阅卷人员就是凭着对文章总的印象、总体表达效果给分的,而不是按语法、词汇、拼写等错误的累计数目多少来扣分。也就是说,作文是就内容和语言两方面给分的。语言和内容是一个统一体,高分作文要求内容切题、表达清楚、意义连贯、句法多变、语言正确。
(1) 内容切题:不能走题、偏题。
(2) 表达清楚:要让别人知道你想说什么,不要用你认为能看懂的汉语式英文句子(中国学生写英语作文的最大缺点),比如:He would help you in no word.(他帮你简直没话说。)It would not say he was not hard.(这并不是说他不刻苦。)这样的英语句子只能让阅卷人员捧腹大笑,然后给你“温柔一刀”。
(3) 意义连贯:中英文化差异造成思维方式和文字表述方式不同,英文表达更注重事实,所以写英语作文不要过多地进行心理、环境描写,120个词的作文结构要缜密,理由和例子要简洁有力、说明问题,不要东拉西扯。
(4) 句法多变:为避免文章平淡、呆板,可使用不同的句式(如强调句、倒装句、否定句等),比如:Not until yesterday did I realized...
(5) 语言正确:不要犯低级的语法错误,比如:I is...
2. 作文考试会出什么题目?
(1) 主要是议论文结构的作文,题型主要分为五大类:
My view on...,Advantages and Disadvantages of...,How to...,A or B,Why...等。 (2) 考生熟悉的,有话可说的内容,比如:社会热点My View on Job Hopping, Foreign Films and Domestic Films.
(3) 还要和考生的文化背景有关,比如:The Teacher I Like Best, Why I Take the College English Test Band-4?
(4) 考题还要考虑到考生的语言水平。总之,校园生活、社会热点、环境保护、科学技术、业余生活等都会是出题的范围。
3. 如何做考前准备?
(1) 多看报刊杂志,注意收集材料,增加自己的信息量,写作文时才会有材料进行加工。博览群书是最好的办法。
(2) 多看经典范文,其中好的用词、句型结构一定要记下,并在平时的作文练习中模仿使用。比如It is known that...也可有更精彩的表述:As is widely recognized that….再比如:“举例”除了可以表达为For example, For instance之外,还可以有这些精彩表述:Cite…as proof, Take...for example, Another illustration is that…, A case in point is that...
(3) 使用言简意赅、寓意深刻的言语会让文章增色不少。但注意,言语的使用要配合具
体的场合和上下文,因此,记下来的言语一定要在平时多想想可以在哪些文章里使用,否则张冠李戴,反而会弄巧成拙。
(4) 应熟记一些常用的议论文句型,比如:...is certainly correct when he says/ writes that…, It is generally/ widely accepted/ argued/ held/ believed that...等。
上述五大类议论文常用到的表达方式也应在平时多加留意,比如在Aor B题型的写作中,我们便常会用到以下句型和论述步骤:When we…, it is inevitable to meet the choice between A and B. We would be regarded as inconsiderate if we rushed our decision without comparing or contrasting them. First/ First of all / To begin with, both A and B…A....However, B… besides/ Moreover / In addition / What’s more, A…. However/ In contrast / On the contrary/ On the other hand…. Finally, the most striking difference is that A….while B…Therefore, it is not difficult to make a right choice now. If we…we will choose A; but if we…we will turn to B. In a word, the key lies in…(转 载 于:wWW.zw2.Cn 爱作文网).
(5) 平时看到一个作文题目时,练习用五分钟打草稿列提纲,也可和朋友切磋,扩大视野,正所谓“三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮”。
(6) 注意具有中国特色词组的翻译。如:下海(risk one’s fortune in business);德智体全面发展(develop morally, intellectually and physically)等。
以上总结的大学英语四级写作应试技巧仅供参考,希望能对广大考生有所帮助。
Annie:Great news! The teacher said we'd have a test today rain or shine!Jimmy: What's so great about that?Annie:It's snowing!乐乐天地如是说凡学生大都厌恶考试测验。倒不是考不出一个好成绩,只是现在教学无力,考试测验铺天盖地。听罢安妮的好消息,吉米煞是纳闷。老师说无论如何今天都得测验,可是安妮却不亦乐乎。问及原由,吉米是纳闷还是开朗?安妮的回答是It's snowing!(天在下雪)。这个应答显然针对老师所说的rain or shine(不论晴雨,不管刮风下雨,无论如何)。是安妮不懂,还是她在戏耍?真的不得而知。
(1) 考前不断听与英文有关的内容,包括英文歌曲、英文电影、听力测试题等,一直到
进考场之前。
(2) 树立充分的自信心,轻松应战,要有“Even if I fail this
time, the world won't end.”的心态。
(3) 遇到漏听或听不懂的题目,尽快猜测一个答案,仅一分而已,不要捡了芝麻丢了西
瓜。
(4) 紧盯选项,对选项进行加工处理。一道题的四个选项中,有两项在意义上完全相同,
则为干扰项;如果四个选项中有两个对立的句子,则很有可能其中一个就是正确答案。
(5) 掌握记笔记技巧(关键词、主题句、缩写和代用符号),脑、眼和手同时运转,增
强记忆力。
(6) 相信第一感觉,没有100%的把握不要轻易更改答案。
(7) 不要留下空白题,不会做也要猜一个答案,这样你就至少有25%的几率。 (8) 注意时间,及时涂卡
(9)
篇三:大学英语四级写作技巧简介
大学英语四级写作技巧简介
2009-11-14 18:55
大学英语四级写作技巧简介
大学英语四级写作技巧简介——文章结构(2007-05-31 22:34:41)分类:英语学习
英文写作一直是学生们的弱项,四级考试将近,大家都很担心写作问题,在此我先简单介绍一下文章的结构问题,以后再谈其他方面。
四级写作一般以三段式展开,题目要求中通常包含三个要点,每个要点为一段(记住,一定要分段),第一段提出问题,第二段分析问题,第三段解决问题。以历年的真题为例,2006年12月的题目为Spring Festival Gala on CCTV,要求:1。许多人喜欢看春节晚会;2。但有些人提出取消春节晚会;3。我的看法。“喜欢看春节晚会”是正常现象,应该作为问题的开端进行简短介绍,“有些人提出取消春节晚会”才是重点,必须给出相应的篇幅做详细阐述。最后表明我的观点,其实就是问作者的态度及解决这个矛盾的方法。又如2006年6月的题目:An Announcement for a Voluntary Program, 要求:1。校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动现招募志愿者;2。本次志愿活动的目的、内容及安排;3。报名条件和联系方式。这仍是三段式的结构,第一段提出问题——告之大家会举办一次暑假志愿活动,第二段描述问题——介绍志愿活动的相关信息,第三段解决问题——怎样加入志愿活动(报名信息)。往年还考过写简历,写演讲稿,论述社会现象等题目,总是跳不出三段式,因此学生们必须掌握如何写三段式作文。 总的来说有三点要注意:1。开篇就得点题。文章字数有限,必须采取开门见山的方法,但开篇点题并不是说第一段第一句话就得提出问题,在这之前可以有所修饰,有导入的成分,但不要太长,一般第三句就得清楚、突出地把问题点出来。2。中间段阐述必须清楚。中间段是全文的核心部分,要做到阐述清楚,论证充分,要有一致性、连贯性和条理性。一般由主题句和扩展句组成,主题句是观点的高度浓缩,应该言简意赅;扩展句是对主题句的详细阐述,应该做到理由充分,内容一致。3。结尾段进行总结,并提出解决问题的方法。最后的总结在观点上可以重申但不可以重复,另外结尾一定要有所升华,不能仍停留在对问题的描述上,既然存在问题,就必须想办法解决。
至于如何开端、如何论述、如何结尾的问题,大家敬请期待下一回吧!当然我不会让大家久等的:)
写作能力无法一口气提高,大家必须在平时勤修苦练。
大学英语四级写作——突出主题(2007-06-01 15:57:26)分类:英语学习 Well begun is a half done,如何开头是值得注意的问题,它能确定你的文章给人留下的first impression。中国人喜欢先讲道理最后给出结论,而西方人习惯先下定义,再慢慢解释。按照西方人的思维方式,我们在写文章开头的时候就得突出主题,不拐弯抹角。
常见的开头的写作方法大致有下面几种:
1。引述名言谚语
eg: "You have to believe in yourself. That's the secret of success."
Charles Chaplin ever said. In my opinion, self-confidence is the first element on the way to your goal.
As the old saying goes:"Knowledge is power." The main way for us students to gain knowledge is from the books. So some students argue that we should read extensively...
It is well known to us all that "..."
2. 对比,比较
eg: Some people say ..., while others claim that ...
Some people believe..., but others argue that...
Old people often feel that..., but for the young, it is ....
3. 提出一个问题
eg: What constitutes enough information for the decision-maker? It's impossible to put a number on it, but...
Should the Spring Festival Gala be cancelled ? Different people have different answers.
Misunderstanding is inevitable in communications. If such
misfortuns occurs, what is your response? Here are some tips for you to treat it in a proper way.
4。数据引证(一般用在看图作文中)
eg: As we can see in the charts(柱状图,圆形百分比图),the number of Chinese people who go abroad has increased greatly between 1992 and 2002.
As is clearly shown in the charts, there is an increasing number of people who own a car during the recent three years.
The figures in this graph(曲线图)show us that...
According to the graph, we can find that...
It can be seen from the table(图表,表格)that...
5. 陈述现状
eg: With the rapid development of..., the interview is becoming more and more important in job-hunting.
Because of the development of..., great changes have occured in the educational system of China.
Nowadays mobilphone is very popular with college students.(很受学生欢迎)
In recent years cheating in CET4 still prevails among the college students. (近几年里四级考试舞弊现象在大学生中仍然很普遍。)
It is well-accepted that nowadays dishonesty is a common phenomenon in society. (人们都意识到现今社会中普遍存在不诚实的现象)
There is a heated debate over private car.
Nowadays private car aroused a lot of controversy.
偏离主题是写作中的大忌讳,它意味着考生做了30分钟的白工。为了避免这个问题我们一定要仔细省题,弄清楚考题要求是写议论文、说明文还是记叙文,然后确定文章主题和大致思路。
大学英语四级写作——主题句和扩展句(2007-06-05 10:09:26)分类:英语学习
在明确了题目要求、确定立意后,应该根据题意构思出文章的框架结构。其中写好主题句是最关键的步骤。
论述的段落包含多个主题句。主题句(topic sentence)反映段落的中心思想,体现文章的整体结构,让读者对作者的思路一目了然。要写好主题句必须注意以下几个方面:
1。主题句必须是个完整的句子,与文章主旨密切相关。
2。主题句一般是general sentence,内容明确、具体。
3。主题句内涵要广,便于展开细节论述。
比如,写一篇论述计算器的文章,主题思想是反映计算器能帮助人们快速解决算术问题,但过分依赖计算器会对人脑有不良影响。那么主题句应该要紧扣计算器的使用利弊这个方面,
eg: Calculators can obveousely benefit us.
However, overusing calculators will also do some harm to us. 如果句子不够具体明确,段落的主题便模糊不清,在进一步阐述时会失去方向感。如:To improve English proficiency, one needs to acquire some skills. 这句话中的some skills太泛,读者弄不清到底是哪方面的技能技巧。改成:To improve reading ability, one needs to acquire some reading skills. 这样含义清楚,范围明确,便于细节描述。
而如果句子涉及的面太窄,不够general,没有进一步讨论的余地,这样的句子就不适合作主题句。如:Today more and more women are going out to work. 这句话含义非常清楚,没有进行详细阐述的必要,所以它本身只能是细节句,用来解释主题句。
主题句确定后,必须有足够的细节去支持主题句所提出的观点,给出充分、有力的论证。这就是扩展句的任务。扩展句是段落的主干部分,是对主题句的中心思想的详细解释,它的特点是:1。清晰详实;2。条理分明;3。内容一致。如:主题句为:Cellphone is one of the most popular means of communication. 那么接下来的扩展句应该要紧跟这个中心意思,有条理地进行阐述:(扩展句1)People make use of it to make an appointment, take a message for
others,discuss a question and so on. (扩展局2)People even use it to have a meeting or give a notice.这两句话都说明了手机的社交功能,而且以
递进的顺序排列,让读者更好地理解主题句的含义,具有说服力。
大学英语四级写作——段落的展开(2007-06-05 10:56:54)分类:英语学习 主题句与扩展句构成段落,那么文章段落有什么样的特点呢?
1。段落一致性。
在一个段落就只有一个主题句,就是说一个段落就只能有一个中心思想,一个核心,段落中所有其他句子都要围绕这个中心展开或铺述,一切与主题句没有直接关系的句子都要舍弃掉。如:However, fake commodities are extremely harmful to consumers as well as to the whole society. First of all, fake commodities may cause losses to consumers. Meanwhile, fake commodities may harm people's health, sometimes even lives. And in the 1998 fatal alcohol poisoning case in Shanxi Province, for example, a peasant produced "alcohol", dreaming of becoming rich overnight; which, with 27 people killed and about 700 poisoned, caused great sufferings to the victims and shoked the whole country as well. Therefore, it is really high time we took action to crack down on the production and sale of fake commodities. 第一句显然是主题句,其后作者用了三个扩展句进行说明,每句话都与主题句密切相关,最后的结尾句对整段论述做了升华。所以这一段落是符合一致性原则的。
2。段落连贯性
一个好段落在具体语言上和内容上要有连贯性,段落中的句子要符合一定的条理和逻辑顺序,句与句之间衔接要紧密,过度要自然、流畅,这样才能反映出一个清晰的思路。如:It is known to us all that modern transportation plays an important role in our life. In the past people used to suffer a great deal if they had to make a long journey or convey some heavy goods, the fact is that the transport means at that time was simple and rare. Today, various vehicles, ships and airplanes have enabled us to go wherever we like to. Not only does modern transportation bring people much
convenience, but is also frees people from the hard work of conveyance. What is more important is that modern transportaion has saved much of our time so that we can do more work and learn more knowledge. 第一句话点明主题,然后通过古今对比展开论述,按时间顺序排列,条理清楚,语句连贯自然。
按逻辑顺序安排细节是使段落连贯的方法之一,常用的顺序有四种:时间顺序、空间顺序、演绎法和归纳法。演绎法是先通过主题句给出一般的总体的观点,然后给出扩展句摆具体的事实,体现了一般到具体的顺序;归纳法是先给具体事实和细节,再概括总结出其中道理、规律,体现了具体到一般的顺序。
使段落连贯的方法之二是使用适当的连接手段,一般是指关联词的使用。这个问题我下次再详许述。
大学英语四级写作——段落的连贯性(2007-06-07 15:43:06)分类:英语学习 在确定好一条条的扩展句后,怎样把这些句子流畅而连贯地组合在一起呢?这便是关联词发挥作用的时候了。在英语中,句与句之间、段与段之间一般都有连词或关联词连接,通过这些词读者能够很清楚地明白文章前后的逻辑联系。适当使用关联词是四级写作必备的技能,大家应该要引起特别重视。常用的关联词
分为四类:
1。列举类
列举法常用在议论文中,当作者提出一个论点后,可通过列举出一系列事实对其进行说明或论证。列举类关联词有:
first(ly), second(ly),... finally; for one thing, for another; on the one hand, on the other hand; moreover; furthermore; what's more; in addition; besides; first of all; in the first place, in the second place; (at)last; then; next; the last but not the least
2。举例类
举例法是用事例或数据对中心观点进行说明论证的方法,举例类关联词有: for example; for instance; such as; like; take...for example; a case in point; namely; in other words; that is; especially; in particular
3。比较和对比
比较是把两种或两种以上的事物进行比较,以辨别出它们的相似之处;对比是将这些事物进行对照,辨别其差异而指出各自的特征和本质。这类关联词有: but; however; yet; otherwise; while; in contrast; by contrast; on the contrary; similarly; likewise; like; conversely; rather than; instead; on the other hand; equally; nevertheless; nonetheless; unlike; still; in the same way; compared with...
4. 因果类
as a result; since; because(of); thanks to; due to; owing to; for this reason; hence; thus; therefore; on this/that account; on account of; consequently
5. 总结类
总结法是指在表达了一个观点或举了一个例子后,进行总结、给出概括,这类关联词有:
in this case; according to; in a word; in brief; in short; to sum up 新东方四级写作万能句型(2007-06-11 18:36:22)分类:英语学习 贴一些新东方的四级写作万能句型,希望对大家有所帮助:
1)第一段:
(1)现状说明:“用于文章开头的语句”
1. When asked about.../ When it comes to.../ Faced with... most/many people believe that ..., but other people consider it differently/ regard it as...
2. When it comes to ..., people's opinions differ. Some hold the opinion that ..., while others claim that ...
3. There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the role/ view/ idea of .... Some people claim that ..., while others believe that ....
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