玉米收获机视频
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篇一:玉米收获机的保养与常见故障维修
玉米收获机的保养与常见故障维修
作者:金志明
来源:《新农村》2013年第06期
近年来,玉米联合收割机在在农业生产中得到了广泛的应用,但由于应用时间短,经验不足,故障排除不及时,影响工作效率的正常发挥。如果及时得到处理,不仅提高玉米收获机的工作效率,同时也为作业人员带来更多的生产效益。因此,作者结合工作实践,就玉米收获机在使用中常遇到的故障的排除方法和维修保养工作提出建议仅供参考。
一、玉米收获机常见故障的成因及排除方法
1、割台、秸秆粉碎装置不能下降
故障原因:
(1)割台或秸秆粉碎装置油缸油管接头内缓降片的节流小孔被异物堵塞;
(2)多路换向阀的液压锁失灵。
排除方法:
(1)缓l曼松开割台液压油管(只能松动不能拆下),如果无液压油外溢,割台依然不能下降,则可以判定是割台油缸油管接头缓降片上的节流小孔被异物堵死。把割台垫住,以防其拆管时突然下降,然后再拆开割台液压油管,清除被堵塞的缓降片节流小孔。在支垫割台不方便时,应缓慢松动割台油缸接头,使油缸的液压油缓慢外溢,至割台缓慢下降到最低位置后,再拆开缓降接头清除堵塞物;秸秆粉碎装置处理方法相同。
(2)松开多路换向阀的节流调整螺钉锁母,用改锥向里拧调节螺钉,边拧边试,等割台能下降后,再向里拧半圈,用锁母锁住。秸秆粉碎装置处理方法相同。
2、操作系统各油缸均不工作
故障原因:
(1)液压油箱的油量不足;
(2)溢流阀(俗称安全阀)内的主阀芯卡滞在泄油状态;
(3)液压油泵供油量压力不足;四是分流阀的阻尼赛小孔堵塞,阀芯卡滞在关闭换向阀油路位置。
排除方法:
(1)添加液压油到指定液面;
(2)拆开多路阀的溢流阀进行清洗检查,清理杂物(注意不需松动调压部分);
(3)拆开液压油泵,检查衬套接触面磨损情况;检查卸荷片密封胶圈和两衬套密封圈的密封性,必要时更换;
(4)拆开并清理分流阀,疏通阻尼赛小孔,检查阀芯有无划痕,必要时进行修复或更换。
3、摘穗机构经常堵塞
故障原因:
(1)作业速度选择不当,摘穗机构负荷过大而发生堵塞,杂草特多,干扰摘穗工作而形成堵塞。
排除方法:适当降低作业速度,减小摘穗机构的工作负荷,即可消除堵塞现象。
(2)切割刀片间隙过大,杂草不能被有效地切断而发生堵塞。
排除方法:减小切草刀片间隙。
(3)摘穗机构间隙过小,较大果穗不易通过而堵塞。
排除方法:适当增大摘穗机构的间隙。
(4)摘穗弹簧弹力减弱,安全作用减小,稍遇阻卡便发生堵塞。
解决方法:调整增大弹簧弹力,必要时更换合格的新弹簧。
排除办法:作业中要注意观察分禾器,发现有触地现象,要及时调整排除;调整链条松紧度,链条适宜的松紧度是,用手指下压链条中部,下沉量1.5-2.5cm即为适宜,不应过大或过小;清除被卡住的玉米穗和缠绕在链、轮上的杂草残株;调整加大安全离合器弹簧弹力,必要时更换磨损严重的离合器摩擦片。
4、茎秆切碎质量差
(1)机器行距与作物行距不相适应,或作业时行走时左右偏离中心过大,使机器切割器偏离植株过大导致切碎质量下降。
排除方法:作业前认真调整打茬机的行距与作物行距相适应,其偏差不得大于1.0cm;机器作业时要注意操作,行走要保持直线,必要时设置指示器,防止偏移。
(2)切碎机构刀片有缺失、断刀、掉销或磨损过大不锋利。
排除方法:及时检查刀片,有缺失和损坏的应补齐,磨损严重的要磨刀,每班次保养时都要认真检查一次,有问题要立即处理。
(3)作业速度过大,导致切碎机构工作超负荷而切碎质量下降。
排除方法:适当降低作业速度。
(4)传动皮带过松,打滑率过大,传动带工作面沾油产生打滑。
排除方法:经常检查传动带的松紧度,防止过紧则增大磨损,过松产生打滑。适宜的紧度为用15kg力下压皮带中部,下沉量为1-1.5cm,若皮带工作面有油污,可用抹布沾少许汽油擦涂。
5、转向失灵
故障原因:在无机械故障的情况下,液压转向器弹簧片折断。
排除方法:在发动机熄火状态,向任意方向转动方向盘(直至较沉重为止),然后松开方向盘。正常情况下,转动方向盘时感觉方向盘有反弹力,松开后,方向盘迅速回中立位置;如果转动方向盘时无弹力,或弹力很小,松开后又不能弹回中立位置(或回去得很慢),则可断定液压转向器内的6个弹簧片至少已断了3片,应找液压专业修理人员更换液压转向器弹簧片。
二、玉米收获机保养和维修注意事项
(1)保养收获机时,不要用易燃液体擦拭机器。
(2)发动机冷却后,方可检查堵塞的油管。
(3)检修、清理割台和秸秆粉碎装置底部时,油缸升起后必须把油缸安全卡放下或用其他物品垫牢。
(4)禁止使用不合格导线。接线要可靠,线外需有护管,接头处应有护套,保险丝容量应符合规定,不允许做打火试验。
(5)检修摘穗辊(板)、拨禾输送链、秸秆粉碎装置、开式齿轮、链轮和链条等传动和运动部位的故障时,严禁随意转动。
(6)检查发动机皮带轮固定螺栓的紧固情况,防止螺栓松动、丢失;防止皮带轮松脱后碰坏水箱。
(7)对玉米收获机所有必须润滑的部位。应及时加注润滑油。从而减轻摩擦力,降低收获机功率的消耗,提高收获机的可靠性,延长收获机的使用寿命。
(8)检查动刀片与刀座的固定情况。防止动刀脱落飞出后伤人。
(9)检查转向油缸活塞杆的锁紧螺母固定情况,保证螺母可靠拧紧,以防此处松脱引起转向失灵事故。
(10)支起玉米收获机时,驱动桥支点应靠近驱动轮,转向桥支点应放在铰点下方,并挡好未支起轮胎,支撑应可靠。
篇二:玉米收割机车载后视视频监控系统
黑龙江省德强安防科技有限公司成立于2008年3月。公司注册资金500万,拥有近百人的安防技术服务人员,技术力量雄厚。公司主要经营项目,视频安防监控系统(小区监控系统,大型超市监控系统,酒店监控系统),农用大(中)型收割机车载视频监控系统(玉米收割机车载实时监控系统)(水稻收割机车载实时监控系统)(大型挖掘机车载监控系统)。 德强安防科技有限公司本着诚信,安全,服务,快捷,高效的理念在行业中迅速发展。其业务量覆盖数百家企业。成为行业内三大安防系统服务公司之一。
公司自主研发产品:收割机车载后视视频监控系统
规格1:10.2寸,可同时显示不同画面
规格2:7寸,可切换画面,倒车影视
随着农业现代化机械的广泛使用,收割机已经成为普遍的作业工具,不仅高效,而且快捷方便,大量节省了体力劳动作业,但是大型机械作业时候盲区点重多,不能全方位观察工作状态,以及周边环境,需要进行人工提示,大大影响了工作效率。
随着技术不断的改进和研究,黑龙江省德强安防科技有限公司自主研发的玉米收割机车载后视视频监控系统,通过实践作业解决了这一难题,全方位的监控系统使驾驶员可以第一时间了解周边环境及机器的工作状态,仓储状态。
安装现场施工展示图:玉米收割机安装现场拍摄
(2011年黑龙江东金戈梅利农装集团1000台收割机车载后视视频监控系统安装现场) 1正在安装中的多画面液晶显示器
2安装中仓储 /粮箱/斗子 监控点
3安装中的后视监控点
4安装中的扒皮机监控点
玉米收割机车载后视视频监控系统主要分为三个部分。
1:彩色液晶监视器,驾驶室内全方位多画面液晶显示屏,可同时监控各个点。内置AI(人工智能)技术,多画面分割功能,可先择单画面监控显示和多画面同时监控显示,人性化控制版面设计,操作简单快捷,铝合金材质,方便携带,画面清晰度高,视野广,防震和防水功能设计。
2:红外夜视防水摄像机,铝合金外壳,高强度红外夜视照明,抗击打,防震,防抖动,防水航空插座连接器。
4:附件,操作安装说明书,抗腐蚀传输线,车载24V电源。
办公地址:黑龙江省哈尔滨市教化电子大世界3层
客服电话:0451-86205522
传真电话:0451-86205533
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联系人:刘先生
黑龙江省德强安防科技有限公司祝您:身体健康,万事如意!
篇三:玉米收获机可研12-12
濮阳市农发机械制造有限公司
玉米收获机组装自动化流水线建设项目
可行性研究报告
项目承建单位:濮阳市农发机械制造有限公司
项目编制单位: 北京华灵四方投资咨询有限公司
项目编制时间:二O一三年 月
目 录
第一章 总 论 ...................................... 1
1.1 项目名称及承办单位 ............................. 1
1.2 编制依据、内容及范围 ........................... 3
1.3 项目建设概况 ................................... 5
1.4 主要技术经济指标表 ............................. 7
1.5 结论 ........................................... 7
第二章 项目建设背景及必要性 ......................... 9
2.1 项目建设背景 ................................... 9
2.2项目建设的必要性 ............................... 17
第三章 市场分析及营销方案 ......................... 21
3.1 我国玉米收获机产业发展概况 .................... 21
3.2 玉米收获机械的现状分析 ........................ 22
3.3 农用工程机械生产行业面临的问题 ................ 28
3.4 发展趋势分析 .................................. 31
3.5 销售队伍与销售网络建设 ........................ 36
第四章 原辅材料、动力与公用设施 .................... 41
4.1 主要原材料 .................................... 41
4.2 动力及公用设施 ................................ 41
第五章 建设条件及场址选择 .......................... 42
5.1 项目区状况 .................................... 42
5.2 建设条件 ...................................... 44
5.3 场址选择 ...................................... 47
第六章 技术设计方案 ............................... 49
6.1 玉米收获机生产技术方案 ........................ 49
6.2 工程方案 ...................................... 55
第七章 总图运输与公用辅助工程 ..................... 72
7.1 总图布置 ...................................... 72
7.2 竖向设计 ...................................... 76
7.3 场内外运输 .................................... 79
7.4 公共辅助工程 .................................. 81
第八章 环境保护 .................................... 83
8.1 环境保护依据和标准 ............................ 83
8.2 建设地点环境现状 .............................. 83
8.3 环境影响分析 .................................. 84
8.4 环境保护措施方案 .............................. 87
8.5 环境影响评价 .................................. 91
第九章 节约能源 .................................... 92
9.1 原则与要求 .................................... 92
9.2 节能措施 ...................................... 93
第十章 劳动安全卫生与消防 .......................... 98 10.1 危害因素与危害程度 ........................... 98 10.2 设计依据及劳动卫生 ........................... 98 10.3 安全措施方案 ................................. 99 10.4消防设施 ..................................... 101 第十一章 组织管理与人力资源配置 .................. 103 11.1 组织机构 .................................... 103 11.2 人力资源配置 ................................ 104 第十二章 项目管理与实施进度 ....................... 106 12.1 项目管理 .................................... 106 12.2 项目建设工期和实施进度 ...................... 106 第十三章 投资估算与资金筹措 ....................... 109 13.1 建设投资估算 ................................ 109 13.2 资金筹措 .................................... 111 第十四章 工程招标方案 ............................. 112 14.1 概述 ........................................ 112 14.2 发包方式 .................................... 112 14.3 招标组织形式 ................................ 114
14.4 招标方式 .................................... 114 第十五章 财务评价 ................................ 116 15.1 成本分析 .................................... 116 15.2 销售收入 .................................... 117 15.3 税金 ........................................ 117 15.4 项目财务评价 ................................ 117 15.5 盈亏平衡分析 ................................ 119 15.6 财务评价结论 ................................ 120 十六章 风险分析 ................................... 121 16.1 风险因素识别 ................................ 121 16.2 风险对策分析 ................................ 123 第十七章 结论及建议 ............................... 126 17.1 结论 ........................................ 126 17.2 建议 ........................................ 126 附表:
附表1 项目投资预算表 .............. 错误!未定义书签。 附表2 主要生产设备一览表 .......... 错误!未定义书签。 附表3 固定资产折旧、无形资产和其它资产摊销估算表错误!未定义书签。
附表4主要原材料及能源动力消耗估算表.............. 131 附表5银行借款还本付息计划表 ..................... 132
篇四:玉米收获机的设计说明书
与上海—50拖拉机配套
玉米收获机的设计(输送装置)
摘要
玉米作为三大主要的粮食作物之一和饲料来源,在我国分布广泛、种植面积大。因此为了使人们从繁重的收获劳动中解脱出来,实现玉米的机械化收获,提高现有拖拉机的利用率,结合市场需求我们进行了此次设计。
考虑到市场上现有机型特点,大致可分为自走式、牵引式、背负式玉米联合收获机等三种类型。结合实际生产需要和各机型作业、结构特点,我们选择与上海—50拖拉机配套的背负式玉米联合收获机作为研究和设计对象。背负式玉米联合收获机由分禾器、拨禾链、摘穗辊、果穗第一升运器(螺旋升运器)、果穗第二升运器(刮板输送器)、集穗箱和秸秆粉碎还田机等组成。该收获机能一次完成摘穗、剥皮、果穗输送、集穗箱、茎秆粉碎还田等项作业。其优点为价格适中,作业时无需人工开道,拖拉机利用率高,产品可靠率在95%以上,作业效果能够满足用户需求,因此深受广大农民用户的欢迎。
本次设计重点在于整机配置,结构参数的计算、选择以及输送装置的参数选择和计算。输送装置采用刮板式输送器,将果穗逐渐送到集穗箱。大大降低劳动强度,省时省力。
关键词:玉米联合收获机,上海—50拖拉机,背负式,输送装置
THE DESIGN OF CORN COMBINED HARSTER
POWERED BY SHANGHAI-50 TRACTOR
ABSTRACT
Corn as one of the three main grain crops and feed sources, widely distributed in China, a large acreage. Therefore, in order to enable people to gain from the heavy labor freed to realize the mechanization of corn harvest, increase the utilization of existing tractors, combined with market demand, we had the design.
Taking into account the market characteristics of existing models can be broadly divided into self-propelled, tractor, backpack, etc. corn harvester three types. Needs and the actual production model work, structural features, we choose to carry the tractor Shanghai -50 Corn Combine Harvester as a research and design objects. Knapsack Corn Combine Harvester by the divider device, dial Wo chain, snapping rolls, the first elevator ear device (screw elevator device), the second elevator ear device (scraper conveyor), the cluster boxes and straw Breaking field machine, etc. The function of a completed harvest snapping, peeling, ear transmission, the cluster box, stem crushing other items of work to field. The advantage of affordable, work without having to manually clear the way, tractor utilization, and product reliability rate of more than 95%, operating results to meet customer needs, so popular among the peasants users.
This design focuses on machine configuration, the calculation of structural parameters, selection and delivery mechanism and calculation of parameters. Conveyor installations scraper conveyor, the ear gradually sent to the cluster trunk. Greatly reduce the labor intensity, time and effort.
KEY WORDS: back-carrying type,double line,corn harvester, machine of returning straw to field,Shanghai-50 tractors
目录
第一章 绪论………………………………………………………………………
第二章 4YW2型收获机整体方案设计
第三章 主要工作部件参数选择
第四章 输送装置的设计计算
第五章 主要工作部件的功率消耗计算
第六章 典型零件的受力分析与校核
第七章 主要零件的结构工艺分析
第八章 技术效益评价
第九章 总结
参考文献
致谢
第一章 绪论
一、我国玉米联合收获机市场现状
在我国玉米种植历史悠久、种植面积广泛,并且玉米是我国三大主要粮食作物之一,主要产区分布在东北、华北和西北等地区。因此,玉米生产在我国国民经济发展中起着重要作用。然而,如此大的种植面积,给玉米的中、管、收带来很大的难题。近年来在国家强农惠农政策支持下,在实施玉米收获机购置补贴政策的强力拉动下,玉米联合收获机的研究和发展解决了这一难题,进而如何实现
玉米的机械化收获也成为人们日益关注的问题。目前我国玉米联合收获机市场存在如下特点:
总量剧增,需求呈现多样化。从2008年开始,玉米收获机械纳入全国农机购置补贴范围,各主产省都把加快玉米收获机械化作为推动本省农业机械化发展的重点工作,并实行地方资金累加补贴。各主产省玉米收获机保有量猛增,其中山东省增加7000台,吉林增加800台,河南增加2000台。全国约销售小麦玉米兼收机6000台,4行自走专用机2000台,各类背负机7000台,总计15000台左右。
根据细分市场的差异化特点,不同地区对玉米收获机出现了差异化的需求趋势。2008年一个突出特点是冬麦区小麦玉米两用兼收机需求非常火爆,究其原因主要是因为兼收机的一机两用的功能特点相比其它机型更具经济性,性价比高,更受参加跨区作业搞经营的用户的青睐。从绝对量分析,兼收机已经和背负机基本持平,前几年背负机“一家独大”的局面已经得到改变。除此以外,由于2008年玉米机第一年在全国范围里进行补贴,刚开始补贴的地区和省份还处于选型阶段。这些地方市场需求呈现多样化,在一个地区,存在同时补贴背负机、兼收机、籽粒直收机、自走专用机的现象。有的也出现了用户选购的机型不适应当地作业的情况,这是市场培育期一个特有的现象。相信随着市场的逐渐成熟,农机和农艺的相互适应,这种情况会得到改观。
更多企业进入,竞争异常激烈。目前国内玉米收获机行业还处于自由竞争时期,行业集中度很低,行业内还没有出现一家市场占有率超过15%的企业。行业准入门槛低,市场前景广阔,不断有新进入者加入。据不完全统计,2008年至少有10家以上的企业“试水”玉米收获机市场,其中有影响的是江苏沃得、弗雷森、约翰迪尔、福格森、海虹工程机械、常林等。江苏沃德推出基于2号小麦收获机底盘技术的3行玉米收获机,弗雷森推出4LZ-4玉米收获机,约翰迪尔6488玉米联合收割机,福格森4行玉米收获机等产品较为成熟。粗略统计,目前玉米收获机厂家已超过60家,平均销售量为200台。事实上许多企业年销售量为个位数的不在少数,未进入补贴目录的,日子更不好过。市场竞争激烈程度已近乎当年遍地开花的小四轮拖拉机。
产品趋于成熟,新技术得到推广。近几年,背负机由于发展时间长,技术已
经成熟,产品可靠率在95%以上,作业效果基本上能满足用户的需求。在发展较早的玉米机收地区得到广泛推广。两用机虽然存在先天的缺陷,但近两年经过适应性改进,收获效果得到很大的提高。关键是一机两用的优势,使得销量同比快速增长。自走专用机目前尚处于技术成熟化的过程中,售后服务出现不少困难,推广重点地区仍然在东北大区。
二、现有玉米联合收获机的类型
(1)小型悬挂式玉米收获机 用于配套小型拖拉机,可实现单行作业。一次性完成摘穗、茎秆还田工作,具有价格低廉、机动性好的优点,较适合一家一户的经济模式。但是,随着农业机械化的发展,小型悬挂式玉米收获机越来越显示出其效率低、功率小、质量差、作业单一等诸多问题,并将逐渐被代替。
(2)牵引式玉米联合收获机 用于配套大中型拖拉机,一次可实现2~3行收获作业,可实现摘穗、剥皮、果穗升运、茎秆粉碎还田等多项作业。这种玉米收获机存在的主要问题是:作业时需要先人工开道,以供拖拉机行走,效率低,难以打开市场。
(3)自走式玉米联合收获机 这是一种专用的玉米收获设备。一次可完成3~4行收获作业,完成摘穗、剥皮、果穗升运、茎秆粉碎还田等项作业。而且效率高、收获质量好,但价格昂贵(每台在十几万元左右,甚至几十万元)、功率大、功耗高(60~100KW),并且设备利用率低,除在大兴农场使用外,一般农户难以接受。
(4)背负式玉米联合收获机 用于配套中型以上拖拉机,一般可实现两行作业,并一次完成摘穗、剥皮、果穗升运、集箱、茎秆粉碎还田等项作业。其次设备整机价格适中,采用正配置使收获机轴线与拖拉机轴线重合,无侧配置,作业时无需人工开道,提高了拖拉机的利用率(在非收获季节,可将收获机械调配上其他农用机具进行田间作业,而且还可作为运输工具),因而深受广大农民的欢迎,是近年来发展较快的一种玉米联合收获机。
三、玉米联合收获机的发展前景及研究意义
从我国特殊国情的实际情况来考虑,我国人口众多,玉米作为主要的粮食作物之一和饲料来源,决定了我国玉米种植广泛且分布不均匀,东北、华北、西南地区约占全国玉米种植面积的90%,而且直到2008年我国玉米机收率才仅为
篇五:玉米收获机
Design and Experiment of Two-row Corn
Harvester Header
ABSTRACT: In order to reduce the consumption power and improve the working performance when cornsnapping unit is working,the overall structure of corn snapping unit was designed,then the key structureand kinematic parameters were analyzed in theory. After that,the 3-D model of corn snapping unit wasestablished by using Pro / E according to the design parameters. Finally,the power and noise level weretested at the different rotate speeds in testing bed. The results showed that the consumption power andnoise level were too high when this corn snapping roll was working without load. After changing the fingerrotor,the consumption power rose at low speed and dropped at high speed in contrast to before changing. KEY WORDS: Corn harvester Header Design Experiment
Introduction
Our corn belt spanning boreal, warm-temperate, subtropical and tropical ecological zones, located in the highlands, hills and mountains and plains geographical environment, the vast region, diverse landscape and climate, resulting in corn planting pattern around the different greatly increasing the difficulty of the corn harvest mechanization. Compared to the level of 87.8% Xiaomaijishou, rice machine income level of 60%, corn machine income level of only 33%, the urgent need for technological innovation, in order to break through the bottleneck of the corn harvest mechanization, promote corn. [1]
Development of the industry. Cutting table is the core component of corn harvester, cutting station key components of design parameters and cutting table performance is closely related to
[2]. Firstly, the overall design were cutting table, cutting table and analyze key components of structural parameters and motion parameters theoretically. From the cutting station power consumption point of view, considering the cutting table performance, the use of digital design and test methods, test cutting station when the power consumed by work, guiding the cutting table key working parts of the design.
1 A cutting table design
1.1 cutting table the overall structure and technical parameters
Two rows of corn harvester cutting platform mainly consists of frame, sub-Wo agencies, dial Wo institutions, snapping mechanism, stem crushing mechanism and a gear box and other components. Cutting table 2D plans and three-dimensional map shown in Figure 1,2.
Fig. 1 Ichnography of corn snapping unit
1. Dial Wo sprocket 2. Dial Wo chain 3. Pull the stem roller 4. Gearbox 5. Input shaft6. Hob
7.divider 8 points. Snapping board
Fig. 2 3-D model of corn header
1.2 points Wo agency
1. 2.1 crop divider
He is an important sub-working member maize harvester, its main role is to both ends of the separation plant corn plants and corn crop divider between the two collapsed, and import dialing Wo feed mechanism [3-4] . Crop divider structure is simple, but the larger the performance impact
of corn harvester. The cutting table is designed crop divider as shown in Figure 3.
Fig. 3 Structure of corn divider
1. 2.2 crop divider critical parameters
China's corn harvest stem when the moisture content generally 70% to 80% [5], which determines the corn stalk relatively brittle, easily broken, especially when the corn stalk farther when departing from snapping means, in the sub-Wo The result is broken under the action of external forces prone to bending. Thus, crop divider tip height from the ground h, width b crop divider and crop divider cone angle β directly affect the performance of the crop divider.
To make corn plants will not be torn down, the angle of inclination γ corn plants must be less than the critical angle broken maize plants. Corn tilt angle calculated as
tanγ = b / 2h (1)
In order to reduce the loss of maize ear and grain loss rate, B point is generally lower than the lowest point of corn scion, scion since the lowest point is generally higher than 600 mm, that is the critical angle h≤600 mm broken maize plants generally take 20 ° ~ 30 °, thus available b≤440 mm. Corn plant for the study, when the crop divider velocity v along the direction of motion, assuming the presence of the corn plant the force F in the opposite direction along the velocity v,
to make corn plants will not be torn down, the force relationship corn plants should meet
N --- crop divider of corn plants stretchN --- crop divider of corn plants stretch
f --- corn plant crop divider for maximum static friction force
fs--- Corn plant crop divider and friction coefficient
According to the analysis, crop divider cone angle should be less than the crop of corn plants and points of friction angle. Friction factor range corn plants and steel material is 0.2 ~ 0.6 [6], drawn 30 ° ≤ β ≤60 °, therefore crop divider cone angle should be less than 30 °.
1.3 Dial Wo agency
1.3.1 Dial Wo Mechanism Design
Dial Wo agency requirements both during normal operation but also ensures rapid feed corn plants do not tear down the corn plant [7-8], so the design of shape and line speed dial Wo tooth higher. Cutting station dial dial Wo Wo chain organizations to adopt mandatory feeding technology to improve the cutting station spacing adaptability. Dial and dial tooth structure
design shown in Figure 5.
Fig. 4 Conveying chain and tooth
1. 3.2 line speed dial Wo chain analysis
Dial Wo chain interaction and maize plants dial Wo chain line speed is directly related to the normal operation. When the machine is to vj speeds forward, corn plants vz relative to the machine to move in the opposite direction. When the dial Wo chain in contact with the corn plant to ensure the corn plants without dial Wo chain of impact action and was torn down the condition that the chain speed dial Wo vb line speed in the horizontal direction is greater than equal to the forward speed of the machine, namely
α --- dial Wo chain and the horizontal direction, usually20 ° ~ 25 °
1.4 Harvesting agency
1. 4.1 snapping principle
Pull the stem cutting station to use the roll - snapping plate snapping mechanism. Harvesting mechanism rotating rollers pull the stem clamp with the bottom of the ear and pull down the stem, the stem is pulled down in the process, since the snapping plate barrier separating the ear
and stalk, ear is off. Corn ear and stalk motion when snapping as shown in Figure6.
Fig. 5 Picking principle of corn snapping unit
1. Snapping plate 2. Pull the stem roller 3. Dial Wo chain
1. 4.2 snapping mechanism of structural parameters
Pull the stem roller arrangement angle θ and the ground, is one of the main design parameters of harvester. θ value is too small, we need to increase the length of pull stalk rolls, increasing the overall length of the cutting table [9-10]. In order not to make the cutting table length is too large, but also to lower the cutting table set aside more space, taking into account the overall configuration of the machine, the cutting table designed to pull the stem roll angle 25 ° ~ 35 ° in the range of adjustable. Take into account the stability and pull the stem ability to crawl, pull stalk roll type hexagonal cross-section type is selected, the outer diameter D of 75 mm, an inner diameter d of 60 mm. Pull stem roller working length larger range of existing models, is 480 ~ 1 100 mm, the majority of 600 ~ 800 mm, a diameter of 80 ~ 102 mm, the peripheral speed of 4. 5 ~ 5. 1 m / s, speed is generally 600 ~ 800 r / min. This article is designed to pull the stem cutting table roll length of 560 mm, snapping plates located above the rolls pull the stem, and pull the stem rollers work the same length, in order to reduce snapping plate to squeeze the ear, snapping board into a curved edge design . Pull the stem roller gap is 28 ~ 40 mm, the outlet gap of 22 ~ 35 mm adjustable
1. 4.3 pull stem roller line speed analysis
Line speed pull stalk rolls and corn ear damage rate and broken stems rates. When the pull stem roller speed too fast, pull the plants larger and larger ear snapping version of the impact force, it could easily lead to ear damage and broken stems, easy to plug snapping means; pull stems when roller speed is too small, to Rally smaller maize plants, straw likely to cause blockage. So, pull the stem roller speed directly affects the efficiency and quality of harvested corn harvester. According to the working principle of the plate snapping mechanism, corn plants in the dial Wo chain action to pull the stem roller sports, when exposed to import the corn plant to pull the stem roller cone
section, the cone section at the import role of spiral ribs corn plants fast motion to pull the stem section. Shiraz stem segment length l, corn plant height is H, stem pull the front section from the ground height h ', then pull the stem roller linear velocity vl relationship with the machine
forward speed vj is
Corn plant height is generally 2 500 ~ 3 500 mm, a height of about knot spike 1 000 mm. Because this article is designed to cut Taiwan's inclination is adjustable, so pull the front end of the stem section from the ground height h 'variable, vl / vj≈3. 5.
1.5 Straw and agencies
Stalk chopper mechanism mainly flail, Hob, flail hob and Stubble Field modular machine [11-12]. Flail Field mechanism provided in the high-speed rotating flail downward pull stalk rolls, unsupported by cutting the corn stalk cut into segments like farmland. Hob Field mechanism has a pull stalk shredding rolls and accompanying arc gravure below the snapping plate, arc gravure support in the drop-down stems chopped stalk pulled a roll and cut into segments like field. Hob flail Combined Field mechanism hexagonal rollers and quadrangular stem pull pull stalk rolls used in conjunction with, the bottom two pull stalk roll is provided with a disc cutter will stalk flattened, broken, disposed below the disc cutter the high-speed rotating flail will split the stem further cut, chopped improve quality. Stubble Field via a high-speed rotating flail the field crushed corn stalks and stubble. Straw and agencies This article is designed to Hob, shown in Figure 7. Hob mechanism comprises four shredding blade composition, rotation radius of about
300 mm, when the machine work, hob speed in 2 200 ~ 2 400 r / min.
Fig. 6 3-D model of cutter
2 indoor test
2.1 Test Bench
In May 2013, using the buil
t indoor test bed for cutting station a load test, the main test of the cutting table to pull the stem roller speed is 350 ~ 900 r / min, the hob and the entire cutting station power consumption and noise Level. Test rig shown in Figure8.优秀作文