帮忙说一下英语中那些从句的特点.比如定语从句的先行词有什么,一般修饰什么,作用等等.怎么光是定语从句啊?还有状语从句等等。

来源:学生作业帮助网 编辑:作业帮 时间:2024/11/25 05:20:35
帮忙说一下英语中那些从句的特点.比如定语从句的先行词有什么,一般修饰什么,作用等等.怎么光是定语从句啊?还有状语从句等等。
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帮忙说一下英语中那些从句的特点.比如定语从句的先行词有什么,一般修饰什么,作用等等.怎么光是定语从句啊?还有状语从句等等。
帮忙说一下英语中那些从句的特点.
比如定语从句的先行词有什么,一般修饰什么,作用等等.
怎么光是定语从句啊?还有状语从句等等。

帮忙说一下英语中那些从句的特点.比如定语从句的先行词有什么,一般修饰什么,作用等等.怎么光是定语从句啊?还有状语从句等等。
定语从句其实就是从句起到一个形容词的作用,来修饰主句中的一个名词,当然这个名词可以是主语也可以是宾语了. 例如:The man (who is standing behind desk) help me. ( )中的就是一个定语从句了,它就是来说明是怎么样“的”一个男人help me.
至于定语从句的先行词也就是关系代词了:这个通过自己对句子的理解进行选择了.
简单的说下吧 :感觉that很无敌,只要是定语从句都可以用.
which/who一个针对物一个针对人.
还有一点要知道的是如果所修饰的那个名词在从句中做宾语,那么关系代词就可以省略了 如:He is the man (that/whome)I helped yesterday.
自己对定语从句的一点认识了
希望你能看的明白 GOOD LUCK!
给你一个英语从句的分类吧!细说很多也很繁琐,我觉得那样你会弄得更混了!先有个大体上的认识吧!
从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子.在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等).
主语从句用作主语,如::
That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的.
宾语从句用作宾语.如:
Do you know where he lives?
表语从句用作表语,如:
My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往.
同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词.如:
The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的.(that从句用于解释说明the fact)
定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词.如:
The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.
状语从句相当于一个副词,如:
When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学.(时间状语)
If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来,你就可以看见他.(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句).要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来.
主句和从句的划分方法是相同的.句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易.谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语.如:
I am a teacher. 其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语.
He likes playing football very mucy. 其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语.

定语从句
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
关系词
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,绝对没有WHAT;关系副词有where, when, w...

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定语从句
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
关系词
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,绝对没有WHAT;关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用: ①连接作用,引导定语从句。 ②代替主句中的先行词,甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。 ③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。 注:关系代词有主语、宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。
先行词
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
关系代词:
who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who做主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下: (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
Whose 用来指人或物
(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换,指人的时候也可以用of whom 代替) (1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 (2) Please pass me the book whose (of which) color is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如: (1) A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语) (2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
as 可以做主语,也可以作宾语,作宾语时可以省略,指人或者物。
[编辑本段]限定性定语从句
关系代词
关系代词:在句中作主语、宾语或定语
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg:This is the book (which)you want.]
2.如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
3. 代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which:
a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时;
b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略;
c)先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;
d)先行词就是序数词或最高级时;
e)先行词中既有人又有物时;
f)整个句中前面已有which时;
g)当先行词为物并作表语时。
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。
关系副词
关系副词:在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词 :why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
1. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句。
2. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。
By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。
3. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导 There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。
非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,
例如: Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
4. 有时as也可用作关系代词
5. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用关系副词why和关系代词that,而用who, whom代表人,用which,whose代表事物,如果需要用why,可用for which代替.;
p.s: which引导非限定性定语从句其后不可省略成分,as可以
先行词和关系词
一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分
1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分,如: My grandmother’s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is. 在一定的语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom.
2. 动词短语先行成分。 这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现,也可以不出现,但不能用其它动词代替。
3. 句子作先行成分。 这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。
二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置 由于先行成分的构成成分不同,“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况:
1. 形容词做先行成分时:形容词或形容词短语(含具有形容词性质的名词)作先行成分,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。
2. 动词短语作先行成分时:动词短语作先行成分时,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是,当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时,“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。
3. 句子作先行成分时:“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语,“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句,“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点,所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里,“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。
三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能 一般说来,as与which的语义功能相同,可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时,它们的语义功能则有差异。 1. 表示结果 表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系,从句中往往使用有结果意义的词,如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。
2. 表示评注 表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向,它通常与那些表示客观事实,普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用;从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语,如natural, known to all, usual等。
3. 有无状语意义 “as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义(主要是方式状语意义),而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致,“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。
四、关系代词as与which的句法功能
1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语。 as作主语时,谓语动词常为连系动词(主要是be, seem),主语补语为usual、 a rule、 a matter of fact等时,系动词be习惯经常省略。行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态(其中助动词be常略),不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少,常见的有happen一词。如: Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference. Which作主语时,谓语动词不限,主动被动皆可,只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略。
2. as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。
3. as和 which在特殊定语从句中作补语。如: We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be. “as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装,“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。 如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语,关系代词用which而不用as。如: He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.
4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语。
which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语,修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词。这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义,有时将其略去句义仍然完整。as不能作定语。如: I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed.
还有一些定语从句的练习题,你可以看一下~~
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/93025719227916888486d7d9.html
http://en.ruiwen.com/st/upload/0813200652975658117.doc
http://www.zxxk.com/mingshi/zixun_info.aspx?InfoID=101742
状语从句
状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
1. 时间状语从句
常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home ,then it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2. 地点状语从句
常用引导词:where
特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard. 地点状语从句
地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place) 地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句型,例如:
句型1:Where+地点从句,(there)+主句。
【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there。例如: Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的。
They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。
Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党,哪里人民得解放。
句型2:Anywhere/ wherever+地点从句,+主句。
【注意】anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。例如: Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。
3. 原因状语从句
常用引导词:because, since, as, for
特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference. The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
4. 目的状语从句
常用引导词:so that, in order that
特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5. 结果状语从句
常用引导词:so … that, such … that,
特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
6. 条件状语从句
常用引导词:if, unless,
特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7. 让步状语从句
常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. He won’t listen whatever you may say.
8. 比较状语从句
常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。
9. 方式状语从句
常用引导词:as, as if, how
特殊引导词:the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
.when当...的时候
while当...时
He visited a lot of places while he was traveling. 他在旅途中参观了许多地方
as在...的同时;一边...一边...
He smiled as he stood up. 他一边站起来一边笑着。
after在...之后
He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day. 前几天做完作业之后回的家。
as soon as 一...就...
We began to work as soon as we got there. 我们一到那就开始工作。 I will write to you as soon as I get home. 我一到家就给你写信。
since 自。。。以来 到现在
Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago. 自格林先生来中国以来,他就在这所学校教书。
till /until
都可以作连词,连接时间状语,也可以作介词,与其它词构成介词短语,在句中作状语。 They walked till /ntil it was dark. 他们一直走到天黑。 Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back. 小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。
by the time 到。。。为止
(所在句子的主句应用完成时) By the time he gets there , his father has already gone. 他到家的时候,他爸爸已经走了。 By the time I got to school, the class had already began. 我到校时,已经开始上课了。

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