英译汉--软件直译不给分All children worldwide should be immunized against polio,and every country should seek to achieve and maintain high levels of coverage with polio vaccine.Choice of vaccine As outlined in the figure below,the potential

英译汉--软件直译不给分All children worldwide should be immunized against polio,and every country should seek to achieve and maintain high levels of coverage with polio vaccine.Choice of vaccine As outlined in the figure below,the potential
英译汉--软件直译不给分
All children worldwide should be immunized against polio,and every country should seek to achieve and maintain high levels of coverage with polio vaccine.Choice of vaccine As outlined in the figure below,the potential for WPV importation (which in May 2010 was considered to be at least moderate in all countries) and transmission are crucial factors to be considered when defining national policy on polio immunization.OPV alone,including a birth dose (known as zero dose because it does not count towards the primary series),is recommended in all polio-endemic countries and in countries at high risk for importation and subsequent spread.The birth dose should be administered at birth,or as soon as possible after birth,to increase the seroconversion rates of subsequent doses and to induce mucosal protection before enteric pathogens may interfere with the immune response.Also,administering the first dose of OPV at a time when infants are still protected by maternally-derived antibodies may,at least theoretically,prevent VAPP.Even in cases of perinatal HIV infection,early OPV vaccination seems to be well tolerated,and,so far,no additional risk of VAPP has been documented in such children.OPV alone,preferably with a birth dose,is also recommended in all countries with a moderate potential or high potential for WPV transmission,which is reflected by the force of infection.(The force of infection is determined mainly by the level of immunization coverage,sanitation and overall socioeconomic status.) A birth dose of OPV is not considered necessary in countries where the risk of poliovirus transmission is low,even if the potential for importation is high or very high.Where the risk of WPV importation is high or very high,the transmission potential should be reduced to a low level before alternatives to OPV alone may be considered.Using routine immunization coverage with 3 doses of poliovirus vaccine as the main determinant of transmission potential,WHO,based on expert opinion,suggests that in countries with a very high risk of WPV importation,a sequential IPV–OPV schedule should not be introduced unless immunization coverage is approximately 95% or,where there is a lower importation risk,coverage should reach approximately 90%.Where a sequential IPV–OPV schedule is used,the initial administration of 1 or 2 doses of IPV should be followed by ≥2 doses of OPV to ensure both sufficient levels of protection in the intestinal mucosa and a decrease in the burden of VAPP IPV alone may be considered an alternative to OPV alone (or an IPV–OPV sequential schedule) only in countries that have the lowest risk of both WPV importation and WPV transmission.Switching from OPV to IPV for routine vaccination during the pre-eradication era is not cost-effective,as determined on the basis of existing economic analyses and current IPV costs.
软件直译不给分啊 没办法

英译汉--软件直译不给分All children worldwide should be immunized against polio,and every country should seek to achieve and maintain high levels of coverage with polio vaccine.Choice of vaccine As outlined in the figure below,the potential
世界上的所有儿童都应当对小儿麻痹症进行免疫,每一个国家都应当争取实现并保持高水平的小儿麻痹疫苗覆盖率.对疫苗的选择.如下面的数字所概述的那样,WPV输入（在2010年5月还被认为至少在所有国家中是中等的）和传播可是能性是制定针对小儿麻痹免疫的国家政策时必须要考虑到的关键因素.只有OPV,包括一个出生剂量（被认为是0剂量,因为它并没有将基本系列计算进去）,在所有的小儿麻痹流行国以及输入和扩散危险很高的国家得到了推荐.出生课题应当在出生的时候就被执行,或者出生后尽可能短的时间内,以提高随后剂量的血清转化率,并在肠道病原体可能妨碍免疫反应之前形成粘膜保护.而且,在婴儿仍被与生俱来的抗体保护时,每次执行第一剂OPV可能会防止VAPP的发生,至少在理论上如此.甚至为了防止感染HIV的可能性,早期的接种看起来简直就是折磨.到目前为止,这些孩子中没有额外的VAPP风险.在所有的中度或高度WPV传输危险性的国家,与出生剂量一起,OPV仍是更适宜的唯一选择.这些可能性是通过感染被反映出来的.（强制感染相当程度上取决于免疫覆盖范围、环境卫生和社会经济状态）.在一些小儿麻痹病毒传播风险较低的国家,即使它的输入可能性很高,OPV的出生剂量也被认为是没有必要.当WPV输入风险性高或者很高时,在唯一的OPV的替代品还没被考虑之前,传播可能性就应该被降到很低的水平.用3剂量的小儿麻痹疫苗进行常规的免疫覆盖作为传播可能性的主要决定因素,基于专家的观点,WHO建议在高WPV输入风险的国家,不应该引进有序的IPV-OPV日程表,除非它的免疫覆盖率差不多是95%,或者输入风险较低而覆盖率近似于90%.当有序的IPV-OPV日程表被使用时,最初的1到2剂量的IPV应当在不小于2剂量OPV之后执行,以确保足够的水平去保护肠道粘膜并降低VAPP的负担.在一些WPV的输入和传播风险都最低的国家,IPV可能会作为唯一的OPV的唯一替代品（或者一个有序的IPV-OPV日程表）.在小儿麻痹症尚未消灭前的时期的日常接种疫苗工作中,从OPV转换到IPV并不划算,这是在目前的经济分析和当前的IPV成本的基础上决定的.