MASTERS OF THE UNIVERSE怎么样

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MASTERS OF THE UNIVERSE怎么样
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MASTERS OF THE UNIVERSE怎么样
MASTERS OF THE UNIVERSE怎么样

MASTERS OF THE UNIVERSE怎么样
http://www.economist.com/node/21564533 我本人虽然不通文、理,因为近世两位德语作家的关系对奥地利,奥匈帝国[*]文化在20c的命运、作用一直有兴趣,我对socially influential,seminal的理论也一直仰慕,因此看到这篇书评后,就去amazon买了kindle version,bedtime一目十行了一下,完全忘记前,挖个小坑. 我个人印象本书主要两部分,哲学思潮的发展,及其影响transatlantic (汉译是跨大西洋么?英美?)policy making的变迁.前1/3概述neoliberalism背后哲学思潮:也是我比较感兴趣的所谓Austrain school下学者对WWI,II inter-war期间collectivism,即包括德国national socialism和俄国totalaritarism的反思、批判;介绍最知名三位Hayek, Popper, 还有一位稍年长的Mises的观点、影响;接下来本书大部分时间讨论transatlantic policy making,主要有战后50,60Keynenism盛行(在美国大概和战前new deal政策有关),70年代开始转向neoliberalism鼓吹的曾盛行19c的free market,neoliberalism最终于从思想运动进入policy making,开始左右政治、经济.转折期间关键党派、人物比如不列颠的labor party,thatcher,美国的republican,reagon等(90年代后一向偏socialism的democratic party,以clinton作为标志也adopt neoliberalism的建议,主要关于housing policy).在非常专业充分的政治纪录(有时候读起来简直象年表,结合全书谋篇,很像加长phd thesis.)之外是思想、经济领域几位卓著有效的推动者,ie,hayek,friedman和他们的transatlantic network.总合起来,本书书名非常恰当,概述了本书主题--一部从思想界发端最终向主流政治经济生活渗透的英美20c历史,这部历史,按照作者本人话讲--Luck, opportunism, and a set of contingent circumstances played by the most crucial roles. Above all, it was far from inevitable. 另一方面,这书虽然写的很专业,作为大众读物出版,被门外行拿来做床头读物,我觉得也不是完全无益,大致令我对20c anglo-saxsons世界的思想、政治变化有了第一张big picture. 这个意义上,本书标题仍然非常贴切:Masters of the Universe: Hayek, Friedman, and the Birth of Neoliberal Politics 这里出现的两位hayek和friedman才是真正influence,shape今日英美(又或者小部分德国?)世界的核心人物.而非其他重要人物比如Karl Popper或John Keynes. 然而作为有私见的大众读者,本书给我留下最难忘印象的两人也正是Karl Popper和John Keynes. Popper是1945年与Hayek持相似观点的好友.同年,Hayek名作《the road to serfdom》首先出版,popper随后有《the open society and its enemies》,《the open society》定名前,popper与hayek商议中,hayek表示倾向别寻它命--这样相似的书名对后来者popper而言未必最佳.Hayek对这位用他的话讲“我们观点曾经非常接近”(大意,不记得了,囧)的好友的担忧,从后来发展看,大概多余了.比如,全书在我草草翻来,不觉占据最重要地位同时没有出现在title的popper却占据本书封面和书评头像.anyway,两位重要学者学术不在我能理解或比较范围内,这里只引用两则小掌故,我以为很称两本书阴阳两面的书名: 《the road to serdom》成功之外,readers digest出了缩写版(我去翻了一下,不在这里赘述)中提到Hayek及其在lse的最大rival keynes的一则小故事,1936 Keynes大作《general theory of employment, interest, and money》出版前二年,keynes曾收到hayek“有力”批驳,对此keynes had shrugged off the attack with a smile, saying as they passed ...: 'Oh, never mind; I no longer believe all that'... 1970年代,也就战后凯恩斯经济措在黄金20年失效之后,hayek鼓吹的neoliberalism刚刚开始被接纳进入主流政治生活之际,hayek表示自己在1936 keynes才出版之际没有repeat the demolition job on "The general theory"而遗憾.[**] 对应的是《the open society》开篇,popper的话:“If in this book harsh words are spoken about some of the greatest among the intellectual leaders of mankind, my motive is not, I hope, the wish to belittle them. It springs rather from my conviction that, if our civilization is to survive, we must break with the habit of dference to great men.” 第二位John Keynes--相比popper,全书中我最敬仰这位最终被neoliberalism取代的阴影里的王者. Keynes长期作为neoliberalism尤其是friderich hayek的前辈和(将被挑下王座的)biggest rival的背景出现.他本人不是全书主题,其理论也没有被介绍(我因此也连一丝耳闻都无),除了第一次在书中出场--作者为了区分keyens其人和 keyneism其理论及追随者时satire描写的第一句话“Keynes died prematurely in 1946, exhausted by his efforts to negotiate a loan from the Americans”--在这句令我当时哭笑不得,什么?盖世大英雄的开场就是谢幕?继而在作者dead pen侧面描述中越来越灼灼生光,而这句话读完全书再看,也别有趣味[***].我对他的敬仰不是出于对他的见解或曾经促成的繁荣(WWII直至britton woods system 破产的黄金二十年如果可以部分归入其名下的话),而在于他是全书中少有对待社会问题,不采用destructive的批判(比如popper和hayek),而是采取建设态度,着手设计解决问题--即使他发明的工具--宏观经济学,今日看来多么过时.这太厉害了! 同时,作为英国人,keynes本人私下务实谦逊之余对自己的理论持怀疑态度--按照本书作者讲法.这样对照,hayek所述--按照reader digest版本--对于hayek的批评,keynes的shrug可能全无傲慢,倒是有些真诚. 另外,Keynes对Austrain school的评价很有趣,他被引用的文字中使用了两个词--nihilism, cruel.直中要害啊.nihilism方面,neoliberalism等鼓吹competitive system (free market) as the sole solution, rejecting any social/state interevene; 至于cruel,这个看法在远在neoliberalism能影响社会前几十年真是一针见血,事实证明,neoliberalism policy tends to be harshest on the most vunarable in the society. (顺便引用下,80,90年代美国在neoliberalism全盛后, 税收长期劫贫济富) 本书结尾,作者讨论2007-08房贷危机,比较和同由free maket引发的1930s危机说有两大区别,一是这一次policy makers are merciless, 二是(我当时心想这回没有新的救世者了)没有新的keynes了. 最后一点我心有戚戚的是neoliberlism对free market的深信不疑,尤其将其视为排斥其他可能的唯一救世手段.这种unconditional faith和neoliberalism当初反对的totalitarianism--德国纳粹和俄国共产党--和popper,hayek反对的utopia本质有何不同?作者引用的一位记者John Cassidy has called "Utopian economics," the unthinking and uncritical acceptance of the free market. [*]刚看到的几句话特别称我对奥匈帝国的好奇--“Yet the Europe which moulded this ... has been lost; it was torn at the seams by the First World War and . Today the ... Europe barely exists in the lands ... knew and the multilingual Habsburg Europe of Austria-Hungary long ago gave way to ...” [**] 这里hayek的形象ws的难以置信,格调之低令我怀疑和reader digest这个commercial institution有关,恐怕要更多了解hayek本人才行. [***] 战后transatlantic,或者说狭义英美policy making,本书给我的印象是,英国往往是brain storm和激进试验场(直到今日cameron继续neoliberalism的healthcare,education privitization),而后英风西渐进入美国决策圈.

MASTERS OF THE UNIVERSE怎么样 Masters of the forest的中文意思 THE MASTERS OF COMIC BOOK ART怎么样 谁能介绍the masters of evil 谁能介绍the masters of evil Masters 决胜时空战区 MASTERS OF THE UNIVERSE THE MOTION PICTURE怎么样 求《迁移的鸟》中的masters of the field 的中文歌词如题所示, 英语翻译The establishment of the Tibet Autonomous Region has enabled the local people to become masters of their own affairs People say Bruce Lee was one of the greatest arts masters of the 20th century.这句话怎么翻译? The workshop belonged to one of the leading masters at that time请问这句话什么意思 brass bound tour masters,schedules,reservations,brass-bound and inevitable,dash themselves to wreckage on the personality of the trip. 英语翻译This Guarantee is hereby issued to serve as the performance security of Techint Compagnia Tecnica Internazionale (hereinafter called the SELLER),for Contract No.….dated ……..between you and the SELLER for supply of one set of unive Master of Philosophy和masters degree有什么区别? Master of Philosophy和masters degree有什么区别? labour与work的区别.麻烦说下这两个单词.(另:翻译下“现在劳动人民是我们国家的主人” PS:有两个答案.1.Now the working people are the masters of our country2.The labouring peole are now the masters of our country 英语翻译The composition is extremely complex,talking its compositional devices from the Norther Song period rather than the forbidden masters of Southern Song,the Ma-Xia group,called “northern” school by the critics.Xu Ben,of course,was Young people are future masters of the country . 的全文及翻译Young people are future masters of the country . Being a youth is one thing . and being a good one is another . Everyone tries to be good , but not everyone has the right idea about i